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1、,高中英语语法 主谓一致,富源县第一中学 高二英语组 李春,Lead-in,Proof-reading: 1.The man who stand over there is his father. 2.On the top of the mountain stand a tree. 3.50% of the students agrees with him. 4.Half of the money his father gave him have run out.,主谓一致即谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致。,什么是主谓一致？,let me tell you,I am a teacher
2、She often does her homework in the morning. There is only one box on the table. There are 50 students in our class.,但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致（从前原则）意义一致就近原则,一、语法一致原则 一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式，语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 E g: （1）The book is interesting. （2） We love our motherland .,二、 意义一致原则 主
3、、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式，主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。 E g（1）The family were fighting for their lives. 这家人正为生存而战斗。 （2）Three years in a strange land seems like a long time . 在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。,三、就近原则 谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。 E g (1) Not onl
4、y his children but also he himself wants to go there . (2) Either my wife or I am going to work there .,就近原则的使用情况： 当作主语的两个名词或代词由or ,eitheror ,neithernor, whetheror not only but also，notbut连接时;在there be./here be句型中 (1)There _a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. (2)Here _some envelopes and pa
5、per for you (3)Not only his family but also he _ (喜欢）Chaplins movies. (4)You or I _ going to receive them this afternoon.,is,are,likes,am,5.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A.is B.are C.am D.be 6. There _ in this room. A. are too much furniture B. is
6、 too many furnitures C. are too much furnitures D. is too much furniture,7.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home. a. is b. are c. has d. was 8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting. attends b.attend c. are attending d. have attended,9._ was wrong. a. Not the teacher but the students b. Bot
7、h the students and the teacher c. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher,有together with, with, as well as , but , except ,besides, rather than, including ,along, along with, like.连接并列主语时,采取从前原则.,1)They, together with Tom , _ going to swim this afternoon .(be) 2) No
8、one but your parents _ there then .(be) 3) He, like you and your brother, _ very clever. (be) 4) The teacher, including his students, _going to see Professor Tell. (be) 5) Mary, together with his sisters _ gone back.(have),are,was,is,has,has,1.An expert, together with some assistants, _ to help in t
9、his work. A. was sent B. were sent C. sending D. are sending 2._ either he or I fit for the job? Neither he nor you _. A. Am; are B. Is; are C. Are; are D. Is; is,3.Nothing but cars _ in the shop. is sold B. are sold C. were sold D. are going to sell 4.A library with five thousand books _ to the nat
10、ion as a gift. A.is offered B.have offered C.are offered D.has offered,5.Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society _ to alter its attitude to racial problems. a.need b.needs c. has a need d. have a need 6.To tell you the truth, I, as well as the other students,
11、 _ hungry. sure am B. am sure C. sure are D. are sure,由and 或both-and 连接主语，谓语动词用复数。,1.A poet and a novelist have visited our school. 2.Wu Dong and Wu Xi _ twin brother. (be),are,1.The singer and the dancer _ come to the meeting. A. has B. have C. are D. is 2. The secretary of the Party branch and the
12、 director of that factory often _with the workers. A. works B. work C. is working D. are working,如果and 连接的两个词是指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语用单数。,Eg: 1）The teacher and writer is her friend . 2) Butter and bread is her favorite food. 3) A journalist and author _(live)in the house 4) The doctor and pro
13、fessor _ (be) coming at once.,lives,is,1.The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. be B. was C. are D. were 2. Wisky and soda _ his favorite drink. is b. are c. were d. have been,3.Light and heat _often sent out together with heavy smoke. is B. was C. are D. being
14、4. _ was wrong. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacher c. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher,everyand (every); each and (each) ; no and (no) ; many a and (many a); 连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,1.Every desk and every chair _ made of wood.
15、(be) 2.Many a boy and girl _made the same mistake. (have) 3.No boy and no girl _ (be) in the classroom. 4.Many a student _ (like) pop songs.,is,has,is,likes,1.Each man and woman _ the same rights. has b. have c. had d. is having 2. Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language. a. h
16、ave realized b. has realized c. have been realized d. has been realized,3.No chair and no desk _ permitted to be taken away from the reading room. are B. were C. is D. be 4.Many a father _learnt to his sorrow what it is to have a son who tells lies. A. have B. is C. are D. has,5.Every man, woman and
17、 child _ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world. knows b. know c. is known d. are known,1. More than one worker _ dismissed. have been b. are c. has been d. has 2.More than one graduate _ sent to the hardest place since 1979. is B. are C. has been D. have been,some (of), plenty of, a
18、 lot of ,most (of), the rest of ,all (of), half (of), part (of), the majority of,分数或百分数+of +名词等短语作主语时，谓语动词由of 后的名词所决定（名词是单数，谓语用单数；名词是复数，谓语用复数）,1)A lot of students _ waiting outside .(be) 2)More than 70 percent of the surface _(be) covered by water in the earth. 3)The rest of the money _ (belong) to
19、you .,are/were,is,belongs,1._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A.Two fifth , is B.Two fifth ,are C.Two fifths , is D.Two fifths , are 2. I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _more difficult. A.is B.are C.was D.were,3.Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Ban
20、k. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept 4. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair. is b. are c. were d. be,5.The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health. are believed b. had believed c. has believed d. believe 6. Three-fourths of the buildings _. was destroye
21、d b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. has been destroyed,one/every one / each/ either/ neither/the other/another/ 不定代词（anybody/ somebody/ everybody/nobody/ ） the number+of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。,Each of the students has (have)a book. Neither of them has (have) told me. Either of the answers is (be) righ
22、t.,1.They each _ a new dictionary. A.has B.have C.is D.are 2.Each of you _responsible for the accident. a. am b. be c. is d. are,3.Each of the students in our class _great interest in English and they each _ a copy of New English-Chinese Dictionary. A.shows；have B.have；has C.is；have D.takes；has 4.Th
23、e two sisters are forced to play the piano. In fact，neither of them _ to play it. A.like B.liked C.likes D.liking,5.Nobody but his family _the secret. know B. are known C. have known D. knew,one and a half做主语时，谓语动词用做单数。,One and a half years has passed. One and a half apples has rotted away.,表示时间，数目，
24、距离，价格，度量衡等名词的复数作主语，并作为整体看待时，谓语动词用单数。,1)Four hours is enough to do the experiment . 2)Ten dollars is too much to pay for that shirt . 3)Thirty feet is long enough .,1. “_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?” “I suppose so.” Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were 2. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.
25、a. are b. has c. is d. were,算术中的动词单复数都可以, 多用单数。,Two and two makes/make four. Three times three is nine.,集合名词class , family, army, enemy, team , group , government, staff , audience , crowd, public ,committee 等作主语时，若强调整体，谓语用单数，若表示组成该集体的成员，谓语用复数。,Eg:1) be My family _very large . His family _waiting fo
26、r him . 2) be/have The class _ made up of 54 students . All the class _gone to the playground .,is,are/were,is,have,有些名词本身表示复数概念，其谓语动词用复数形式，如people, police ,cattle, goods, youth, clothes等。,Eg : 1)The police _ after a thief. 2)Cattle _ on grass . (feed) 3)All the goods _ arrived. (have),are,feed,have
27、,1.Cattle _ on the hillside. grazes b. is grazing c. was grazing d. were grazing 2. The youth of China today _ trying their best to study modern science and technology. A.is B.was C.were D.are,“the+adj/分词”表示一类具体的人或物时，谓语用复数,1)The old _taken good care of here .(be) 2) The rich _(be)for the plan, but t
28、he poor against it.,are,are,1.The wounded _ by the hospital. A.have been taken in B.has been taken in C.have taken in D.has taken in 2.In that country, the rich _ richer, the poor, poorer. a. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becoming,1、He is one of the students who are modest. 2、He is the only one of the students who is modest. 3、All those who want to go on a journey ,please sign your names here.,在定语从句中，谓语动词总是与先行词保持一致。,