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1、解决问题的九大步骤,PDCA,5 WHY,FMEA,The Inspection Exercise,Task: Count the number of times the 6th letter of the alphabet appears in the following text.,The Inspection Exercise,Answer: 12 Small Caps and 24 Large Caps = Total of 36,定义：现状与标准之间的差异,认识问题,例：原材料质量,品质现状为 95%,目标设定为 98%,3%,问题的三种形态,认识问题,问题正确的描述,Explain
2、 what a good Problem Statement is and contains Explain what a Problem Statement does,20/80 原则 1. 有助於了解那一個項目是最重要問題。 2. 一眼就能明白事情的重要順序。 3. 知道那一項目在整體中所占的比例程度。 4. 可以預測減少某一項目，就能期待整體獲得多少效果。,柏拉图,柏拉图怎么做出来？,鱼骨图,營養豐富 至少問到二次因 小骨 至少兩跟中骨,機台發生刮、碰、撞傷,人,服裝不合規定,動作不正確,未依SOP作業,新人動作不熟練,SOP寫錯,看不懂SOP,沒有逞處措施,中骨,小骨,一只好鱼,豐田原
3、則 連問五次： Why?why?why?why?why?,5 Why,5 Why Analysis,Getting to the root cause by asking “WHY” five times: The true problem solving requires identifying the root cause rather than the source. The root cause normally lies hidden beyond the source. For example, you might find that the source of a problem
4、 is a supplier or a particular machining centre. But what is the root cause of the problem? The answer lies in digging deeper by asking why the problem occurred. By asking “WHY” five times requires taking the answer to the first why and then asking why that occurs. Typically, the process of asking “
5、WHY” leads upstream in the process. It may be a defect that occurs in an assembly, but the root cause is the upstream in the raw material supplier, where the variation occurs. In summary, A technique for developing new products No complex tools and techniques Do not require complex statistical analy
6、sis but instead require painstaking, detail problem solving,Zero Defect Approach Do not Pass Defects Do not make Defect Do not accept defects Do no Rework,The outcome of the occurrence of the failure mode on the system, product, or process. The “IMPACT” on the customer.,FMEA,Why use an FMEA（ Failure Mode & Effect Analysis） Identify potential failure modes and rate the severity of their effects Rank order of potential deficiencies Focus on prevention,