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1、非谓语动词与从句间的转换,非谓语动词与从句间的转换,在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：谓语动词和非谓语动词。 谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。 非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。,一、什么叫做非谓语动词,二、非谓语动词的表现形式有：,不定式 （to do） 现在分词 （doing） 过去分词 （done） 动名词 （doing）,三、 非谓语使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus,
2、 leaving her handbag on her seat.,四、非谓语动词充当的成分,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,分词作状语 (分词做状语可以转换成其相对应的状语从句来表时间、条件、原因 ),Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.,If the trees had been given more attention, the trees could,Not knowing his telephone number, she had some difficulty get
3、ting in touch with Bill.,As she didnt know his telephone number, she had some ,While waiting at the dentists, I read the whole of a short story. (=While I was waiting ) Before being in the army, he was an engineer. (= Before he was in the army, ) _(finish) my work, I went to bed. (= After I had fini
4、shed my work, ) Working hard, you will succeed. (= If you work hard, ),Having finished,Being so poor in those days, we couldnt afford to send the boy to hospital. (= As we were so poor ) Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him. (=Though the stone weighed almost one hundred jin, )
5、,1. 时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在分词前加上连词“when , while , until”等，使其时间意义更明确。(多置于句首，也可置于句末) 2. 原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。(多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中) 3. 条件状语：可加连词if , unless 等；也可换成条件状语从句。(多置于句首) 4. 让步状语：有时可加 although , though , even if , even though , whetheror 等连词，可转换成让步状语从句。(多置于句首) 5. 结果状语：可改为结果状语从句。（多置于句末） 6. 方式、伴随状语：可改成并列结构或从
6、句。(多置于句末),A. 现在分词与过去分词作状语,When they heard the news, they all jumped with joy.,Hearing,When the baby saw its mother, it smiled.,Seeing,As they hoped to get our support, they sent us their statement.,Hoping,The snow lasted a week, so it resulted in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.,result
7、ing,When hearing,While he worked in the factory, he was an advanced worker.,Working,While working,When seeing,When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful . Dont speak until you are spoken to. Because he was greatly touched by his teachers words , the boy did a lot of things to help
8、his classmates . If we were given more time , we could do it much better . He was warned of the danger, but he still went skating on the ice.,Seen,Greatly touched,Given,spoken,Warned,he,If given,When seen,但是,有些分词作状语是独立结构,不与句子的主语 产生联系;常见的有:judging from, generally speaking,compared to/with, considerin
9、g , providing (ed), supposing etc. Generally speaking, women live longer than men. Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly. Taking everything into consideration, you should leave.,一般说来，女人比男人活得长。,从你的话看，他应当能成功。,考虑路程，他到达得很快。,考虑到各种因素，你最好离开。,B. 不定
10、式作状语,不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因、程度、条件等。,She looked into the window, and wanted to see what was going on inside.,She looked into the window to see what was going on inside.,注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用，构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。,To get there in time, we got up ver
11、y early. = In order to get there in time, we got up very early. = We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.,Tom kept quiet about the accident so that he would not lose his job.,=so as not to lose his job.,非谓语动词和从句的转换,I. v-ing 形式与从句之间的转换,1. v-ing形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句,Toms knowing Engl
12、ish helps him in learning French.,That Tom knows English helps him in learning English.,Her being out of work was unexpected.,That she was out of work was unexpected.,2. v-ing形式作宾语或宾补可换成that引导的宾语从句,I remember having paid him for his work.,I remember that I have paid him for his work.,He suggests our
13、 making better use of the school library.,He suggests that we (should) make better use of the school library.,3. v-ing形式作表语可换成that引导的表语从句,Our worry is your depending too much on him.,Our worry is that you depend too much on him.,The question is many peoples being trapped in the fire.,The question is
14、 that many people are trapped in the fire.,4. v-ing形式作定语可换成that, who, which引导的定语从句,We will study in the house facing south.,We will study in the house that / which faces south.,The man talking to my teacher is my father.,The man who / that is talking to my teacher is my father.,5. v-ing形式作状语可换成相应状语从
15、句,On arriving there, I will telephone you.,As soon as I arrive there, I will telephone you.,While waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her.,While I was waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her.,我一到那，就给你打电话,我等车的时候，看到了她。（catch sight of）,另外，v-ing形式在句中表伴随或作结果状语，相当于一个并列句，也可和with结构转换。,He died, leaving
16、 his daughter much money.,He died, and (he) left his daughter much money.,He died, with leaving his daughter much money.,他死了，留给他女儿很多钱。,II. V-ed形式与从句之间的转换,1. v-ed形式作定语可换成定语从句,The question discussed yesterday is very important.,The question that / which was discussed yesterday is very important.,The b
17、oy lost in thought is my brother.,The boy who is lost in thought is my brother.,2. v-ed形式作宾补可换成宾语从句,I found the room broken into and a lot of things stolen.,I found (that) the room had been broken into and a lot of things had been stolen.,3. v-ed形式作状语可换成状语从句,(If) heated, water will turn into steam.,
18、If it is heated, water will turn into steam.,Dont speak until spoken to.,Dont speak until you are spoken to.,III. to do形式与从句的转换,1. to do形式作主语可转换成主语从句,When and where (for us) to hold the meeting is unknown yet.,When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown yet.,2. to do形式作宾语或宾补可换成宾语从句,I dont kno
19、w what to do with the matter.,I dont know that I should do with the matter.,I warned him not to drive the car after drinking.,I warned that he should not drive the car after drinking.,3. to do形式作表语可换成表语从句,My wish is to become a pilot after graduation.,My wish is that I can become a pilot after gradu
20、ation.,4. to do形式作定语可换成定语从句,The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.,The meeting that / which will be held is of great importance.,He was the first to arrive and the last to leave.,He was the first that arrived and the last that left.,to do形式作目的、结果、原因状语可转换成相应的状语从句,They started off early（ in order / so as) to arrive in time.,They started off early in order / so that they could arrive in time.,She was so excited as not to go to sleep.,She was too excited to go to sleep.,She was so excited that she couldnt go to sleep.,她太兴奋了，以至于睡不着觉。,