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1、人教课标 高一 必修 3 Unit 1,Unit 1 Festivals around the world,Grammar,情态动词用法,情态动词的语法特征,1) 情态动词不能单独做谓语, 除ought和have 外, 后面只能接不带to的不定式。,2) 情态动词没有人称, 数的变化, 但有些情态 动词, 如can, will也有一般式和过去式的变 化。,3) 情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的 主要标志, 不少情况下, 情态动词的现在式 形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时 间、过去时间和将来时间。,只作情态动词的 can / could, may / might, ought to, m
2、ust 可情态可实义的 need, dare 可情态可助动词的 shall / should, will / would 相当于情态动词的 have to, used to,1) can的主要用法是： A. 表示体力或脑力的能力： e.g. The girl can dance very well. B. 表示说话的推测事物的可能性等: e.g. Can the news be true? C. 在口语中, can可以表示请求或允许: e.g. Can I sit here?,can和could：,can 表示“能够”时与短语be able to同义，但can只用于一般现在时或过去时，而后者可
3、用于各种时态。另外，can表示个人有某种能力，而be able to表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事，相当于succeed in doing sth.；叙述过去事实时，最好用was / were able to，因为could只表示过去具有某种能力。,如： Can you understand the different kinds of English these people are using? Two years later, he was able to speak very good Chinese.,2) could 的主要用法是： A. could 是 can 的过去式, 表
4、示与过去有关的能力和推测: e.g. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. B. could 可以代替 can 表示请求, 但语气较 can 客气、委婉:,e.g. Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike? 3) can 和 could 接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。can 用在否定和疑问句中, 表示不相信、怀疑等态度。 e.g. They cant have gone out because the light is still on.,以cou
5、ld或would提问时，不能再以could或would作答，而应该用can或will。如： Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you can.,may和might： may 常用来表示： A. 表示请求、允许; 比 can 较为正式: e.g. May I come in? You may go now. B. 表示说话人的猜测: “也许” “可能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。,e.g. - I believe the man is from England. - But I may be wrong. The guest may
6、 arrive this afternoon. 在肯定句中，may 的可能性比 can 高，may 表示现实的可能性，can 表示理论上的可能性。如：,The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。 The road can be blocked. 这条路可能会是不通的。 在疑问句中，表示可能性用 can。 如：Where can he be? 他会在哪呢？,C. 表示祝愿; 但语气较正式: e.g. May you succeed! May you have a good journey! might 的用法有: 多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。如: She sai
7、d that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。,除了在间接引语中以外，might 一般不表示过去的可能或者许可, 和may一样，表示现在的可能，但是 可能性要比may 小。如： She might go home tomorrow. 说不定他明天会回家。,She might go home tomorrow. 说不定他明天会回家。 表示现在的许可, 语气比 may 较委婉, 一般用于疑问句(包括间接疑问句), 不可用于肯定句或者否定句。 如: Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你说句话吗？,will 和 would：
8、,1. will既是助动词 又是情态动词 will用于构成将来时是助动词。 用于表示“决心”“请求”“习惯” “请求和允许”是情态动词。would同理。 e.g. I will tell you something important. 我要告诉你一些重要的事。 （助动词）,Will you tell her that Im here? 请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？ （情态动词） 2. 在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问。 e.g. If you want help - let me know, will you? 如果你需要帮助, 让我知道, 好吗?,Will you type this
9、, please? 请打印这个, 好吗？ Wont you sit down? 请坐下, 好吗？ 3. would 比 will 客气委婉。 e.g. Would you help us, please? 请您帮助我们，好吗？ Id go there with you. 我要和你一块到那儿去。,（表决心）,（表请求）,Every morning, he will go out to do some morning exercise.,（表习惯）,shall和should：,1. shall 用于构成将来时是助动词,相当于will shall 用于征求对方的意见，表示 “决心”是情态动词。 e.
10、g. Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. 可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。 （构成一般将来时, 助动词）,Shall we go by train, Mom? 妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？ （用于征求对方的意见，情态动词） I shall go at once. 我必须立即去。 （表“决心”，情态动词）,shall 可以用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示征求意见或许可；还可用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命令或威胁等。如： You shall be punished if you break the rule. If you
11、do a good job in the coming exam, you shall get a big prize . Everyone shall obey the law.,2. should 表示义务、建议、劝告，意为 “应该”。 “should + have + 过去分词” 表示本应该在过去做但没有做。 e.g. You should keep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言。 She should have passed the exam. 她应该通过考试的。,must 和 have to,1. must 用于一般问句中, 肯定回答用 must 否定式用 neednt
12、 或 dont have to，做 “不必”, mustnt 表示“禁止，不允许”, Must I finish all assignments at a time?, Yes, you must. No, you neednt.,I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.,2. 表示“必须”这个意思时，must 和 have to 稍有区别。must 着重说明主观 看法，have to 强调客观需要。另外， have to 能用于更多时态。,You
13、must be the new teacher. He must be joking. There is nobody here. They must have all gone home.,3. must 表示对某人某事的猜测, 作“准 是”, “一定” , 一般用于肯定句中。对 过去发生的事情作肯定判断用 must have done。,He must come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course, after I gave her my advice, she
14、must go and do the opposite.,4. must 表示“偏要, 硬要”, 指做令人不快的事情。,can / could, may / might, should 和 must 都可表示肯定的推测。can / could 表示客观可能性；may 表示推测时，其语气不肯定；might 语气更弱，表示某事实际发生的可能性；should 表示确定或可能有的未来或期待；must 表示比较肯定的语气。如：,I think advertisements can be quite dangerous. The newcomer may be dismissed by the compa
15、ny. The rescue team should arrive by 5 oclock this afternoon. I think the old woman must be a nice person.,could, might, would, should 都可表示委婉语气。如: I wonder if you could let me use your cell phone. Might I know your telephone number?,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Shall I inform him of the change o
16、f the schedule right now? I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting. (福建 2011) will B. must C. may D. can,高考链接,B,2. No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. Oh, you are really his big fan. (湖南 2011) A. can B. need C. must D. might 3. It _ be the postman at the door. I
17、ts only six oclock. (江西 2011) A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt,A,B,4. Will you read me a story, Mummy? OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. (陕西 2011) A. might B. must C. could D. shall 5. If you _ smoke, please go outside. (2011大纲全国卷) A. can B. should C. must D. may,C,D,6. The
18、 police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _. (四川 2011) can B. may C. must D. should 7. Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night. (重庆 2011) could B. might C. would D. should,A,C,8. Just be patient. You _
19、 expect the world to change so soon. (2010课标全国卷) A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not 9. I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday. (江苏2010) could B. shall C. must D. may,A,B,10. Doctors say that exercise is important
20、for health, but it _ be regular exercise. (辽宁2010) A. can B. will C. must D. may 11.“You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.” (浙江2010) A. need B. can C. must D. would,C,C,12. _ I take the book out? Im afraid not. (四川2010) Will B. May C. Must D. Need 13. The traffic is
21、 heavy these days. I _ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? (辽宁2009) can B. must C. need D. might,B,D,14. One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. (北京2009) need B. must C. should D. can 15. What do you mean, there are
22、only ten tickets? There _ be twelve. (2009全国卷I) should B. would C. will D. shall,D,A,Find the sentences containing modal verbs in the reading passage.,Then usually by lunchtime they would all be sold. What could have happened? Nothing could be better Something terrible must have happened if ,He coul
23、d not believe his eyes. Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. He had better do some research! Even though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Huis food They would become tired very quickly.,a. should, ought to 都可表示“应该”。ought to 用于表示按道理应当，常指客观的义务或责任，大多数情况下可用should 代替，但比 should
24、语气重。,I should help her because she is in trouble. You ought to take care of the baby.,Modal verbs,b. 表示劝告、建议或命令时，should 和ought to 可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。ought to 的否定式为 oughtnt to 或 ought not to。,You should / ought to go to class right away. Should I open the window? What should we do next?,c. should, ou
25、ght to 都可表示推测。,He ought to / should be home by now. This is where the oil ought to / should be.,注意,should 和 ought to 后面跟动词不定式的完成式, 其肯定句表示“过去应该做而未做”, 其否定句则表示“过去不该做但做了”。,You should / ought to have made the decision a week ago. I shouldnt have made such a foolish mistake. 多数情况下，ought to 可与 should 互换使用。
26、ought to 的反意疑问句用shouldnt 替代。,You ought to have helped him with his English, _? A. wont you B. ought not you C. shouldnt you D. wouldnt you,2. must 和 have to must 的用法 表示主观的义务和必要, 主要用于肯定句和疑问句, 意思为“必须，；由 must 引起的疑问句， 肯定回答要用 must 或 have to 必须 否定回答要用neednt dont have to 不必,must 的否定形式 mustnt 表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许
27、”。如： Must I finish the task right now? 我现在必须完成这个工作吗？, Yes, you must. / Yes, you have to. 是的。 ( No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 不，不必。),You mustnt come here without permission. 未经允许，你不能来这儿。（禁止）,have to 的用法,1) must 表示一种主观的需要，而 have to 表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不”。 如： I have to attend an important meeting
28、 this afternoon. 今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。,Mother is out, so I have to look after the shop. 妈妈不在家，因此我不得不照看商店。 2) have to 的否定形式是 dont have to, 相当于 neednt。如： They dont have to buy a computer at present. 他们目前没有必要买电脑。,The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we _ go to work tomorrow. A. cant B. mustnt
29、 C. neednt D. shouldnt 【点拨】考查情态动词。根据题意, 可知这里表示“没有必要”, 故只能选C项。, What do you think we can do for our aged parents? You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A. dont have to B. oughtnt to C. mustnt D. cant 【点拨】根据题意“除了和他们呆在一起做你自己外, 没有必要做任何事情。” 可知这里选择 dont have to 表示“不必”。 故选A项。,3. must 和
30、need need 作情态动词时, 只能用于疑问句和否定句。构成否定句和疑问句时不借助于助动词 do。 Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.,b. must 的肯定形式表示“必须”，否定 式表示“禁止、严禁”。 You must come here. You mustnt take the book away from the library.,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以 填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. I dont really like James. Why did you invite him
31、? Dont worry. He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. (北京 2011) A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not,高考链接,2. I _ worry about my weekend I always have my plans ready before it comes. (上海2011) A. cant B. mustnt C. darent D. neednt 3. Hows your new babysitter? We _ ask for
32、 a better one. All our kids love her so much. (浙江2011) A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt,4. You _ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. (湖南2010) A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to 5. May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you _. You read it in here. (陕西2010) A. mightnt B
33、. wont C. neednt D. mustnt,6. I _ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. (山东2010) A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt 7. Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. (天津2010) A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt,8. When I was young, I was
34、 told that I _ play with matches. (上海2008春) A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent 9. What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? Well, it _ be big thats not important. (陕西2008) mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. wont,10. What do you think we can do for our aged parents? You _ do anything exce
35、pt to be with them and be yourself. (重庆2007) A. dont have to B. oughtnt to C. mustnt D. cant,11. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we _ go to work tomorrow. (上海2007春) A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 12. Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours. (湖南2006) A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must,