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1、附录 语法过关落实 (一)名 词,一、名词的同义词辨析 1常作为考点的名词同义词 approach；method；way；means area；region；field；district argument；quarrel；debate award；reward；prize background；environment；surrounding behaviour；action；act benefit；profit case；example；instance；sample cause；reason；excuse,climate；weather condition；situation contest
2、；competition；match；race consequence；result custom；habit；practice diet；food direction；instruction energy；strength；force；power；ability event；affair；business fault；mistake；error glimpse；glance；look；sight labour；work；job；task message；news；information；word opinion；idea；thought；mind pattern；design；style；m
3、odel,percent；percentage practice；training；exercise purpose；aim；goal；target scene；scenery；sight；view shade；shadow skill；ability spirit；courage symbol；sign；mark term；condition；case touch；contact；connection value；price；cost variety；species view；sight；vision voyage；trip；journey wage；salary；pay；income,2名
4、词同义词辨析题解题技巧 从三个方面考虑：词义；搭配(与介词或动词搭配)；惯用法 【例1】 Finding out about these universities has become easy for anyone with Internet _. Aentrance Badmission Caccess Dentry 解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的词义。entrance“入 口，门口，进入”；admission“允许进入，承认”；entry“进入，入 口”。上述三个词一般指进入建筑物、社团、学校等地的权利。如： They were refused entrance to th
5、e exhibition.“他们被拒于展览会门 外。”Entry to the museum is free.“这家博物馆免费进入参观。”She failed to gain admission to the university of her choice.“她没有被自己选 择的大学录取。”access“通道”，也可指接近或使用某东西的“权 利，机会”。如：Students must have access to good resources.“学生必 须有机会使用好的信息资源。”根据题意“对于可以使用互联网的人 来说，要查找这些大学已经变得非常容易。”可知答案为C。,【例2】 Except
6、 on formal _ such as official reception, American society has a certain amount of informality. Aconditions Bcases Coccasions Dsituations 解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的搭配。四个单词都可 作“情况”解。condition常与介词in或under搭配使用，多用复数形式： in/under.conditions“在情况下，在条件下，在环境下”， 但condition也可与介词on搭配，只能用单数形式：on condition that“只 要，条件是
7、”。case与介词in搭配：in that/this case“在那(这)种情况下， 如果那(这)样的话”，in such cases“在这种情况下”，in case of“如 果，万一”。occasion与介词on搭配：on that/this occasion“在那(这)种场 合”，on special occasions“在特殊场合”。situation与介词in搭配：in a difficult situation“处境困难”,in unexpected situations“在意外情况下”。 据此可知本题答案为C，题意是“除了在官方接待这样的正式场合，美国 社会是较为随便的。”,【例
8、3】 “I dont think its my _ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, thats all，” said the boy. Aerror Bmistake Cfault Dduty 解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚名词的惯用法。error, mistake和 fault都可译为“错误”，但it is ones fault是惯用法。如：Its not my fault./Whose fault is it that were late？根据题意“我认为电视机 爆炸不是我的错，我只是打开了电视，仅此而已。”可知答案为C。 二、名词与动
9、词的搭配 play jokes/tricks on开的玩笑；捉弄 take advantage of利用 put.into practice；turn.into reality实行；实施 take trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦地做某事 have difficulty in doing sth.做某事有困难,make an effort to do sth.努力去做某事 take pains to do sth.尽力去做某事 spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力做某事 take no notice of；pay no attention to不注意；忽视
10、keep/get in touch/contact with；have connection with与保持/取得/有联系 keep/bear.in mind；learn.by heart记住；熟记 put ones heart into.；put ones mind to.全身心地去做 take.into account/consideration将考虑在内 take action；take measures采取措施 take/follow ones advice接受某人的建议 make an attempt to do sth.试图做某事 puzzle ones brain over st
11、h.绞尽脑汁做某事 take charge of对负责；掌管,keep sb. company陪伴某人 make a difference起作用；与众不同 make no difference没有关系或影响；无关紧要 have a narrow escape九死一生 come into existence存在；成立 find fault with sb.对某人吹毛求疵；找某人的岔子 do sb. a favour帮助某人；帮某人的忙 lend/give sb. a hand帮助某人 have/form/develop the habit of doing sth.有/养成习惯 make/lea
12、ve an impression on sb.给某人留下印象 have an influence/impact/effect on/upon.对有影响 give/offer sb. a lift让某人搭便车；载某人一程 take a message for sb.给某人捎个口信 leave sb. a message给某人留个口信,bring/call.to mind使某人想起 satisfy/meet/cover ones needs/demands/requirements 满足某人的需求/要求/条件 come to power执政；当权 take pride in以为豪；为感到骄傲 ta
13、ke possession of拥有 keep a record of记录；记载 take responsibility for对负责 take a risk冒险 make room for为腾出地方 make sense有道理；是明智的；有意义,三、名词作定语 1名词作定语，通常表示中心词的用途、材料或特性。如：a coffee cup；telephone number；paper flowers；weather forecast； seat belt；income tax；identity card；stone bridge；heart trouble 2名词作定语时，通常用单数形式，但个
14、别词除外。如：a lothes shop服装店；a sports meet运动会；a sports car跑车； a woman doctor一个女医生；three women doctors三位女医生 四、名词的数 1下列名词是不可数名词：information；luggage；furniture； equipment；baggage；jewellery；machinery；clothing；fruit； luck；fun；health；wealth；weather；confidence；access；respect等。 What fun we had on the seashore! Ev
15、erybody has access to the public library.,2下列名词通常作不可数名词用，但当指“具体的人、事”时是 可数名词：surprise；pleasure；satisfaction；honour；failure； success；help；delight；shock；fright；comfort；concern；pride等。 He is still in a state of shock.他还是很吃惊。 The news of his death came as a shock to us all. 他去世的消息令我们很震惊。 3下列不可数名词可与不定冠词连用
16、,特别是其前有形容词修饰时： interest；knowledge等。 He has a wide knowledge of painting and music. 4下列名词有时可用作可数名词：tea；coffee。 Two teas and three coffees, please. 5下列名词常用复数形式：congratulations；greetings；regards； wishes；tears；belongings；surroundings等。 Congratulations on your exam results!,6下列名词是复数名词：police；people；folk(
17、s)；cattle等。 The police are in search of the attempted murderer. 7下列名词作可数名词和不可数名词时，意义不同： word (可数)“字；词；话语”： Have a word with Pat and see what she thinks. (不可数)“消息；信息”： She sent word that she would be late. exercise (可数)“练习；习题”： Our teacher gave us many exercises for us to do after school. (不可数)“锻炼；运动
18、”： Swimming is good exercise. room (可数)“房间”：,He lives in a large room, which is well furnished. (不可数)“空间”： This table takes up too much room. experience (可数)“经历”： Living in Africa was quite an experience for her. (不可数)“经验”： She has much teaching experience. work (可数)“作品；艺术品”： Many works of art were
19、stolen from the museum last night. (不可数)“工作”： Its difficult to find work in the present economic climate.,过 关 落 实,1He and his wife are of the same _；they both want their son to go to college. Asoul Bspirit Cheart Dmind 解析：be of the same mind想法一样。 答案：D 2One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune b
20、ut would help cover my living _. Abills Bexpenses Cprices Dcharges 解析：living expenses生活费；bills指账单；charges意为收费。 答案：B 3The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common _ in many parts of the city. Alook Bsign Csight Dappearance 解析：sight景象，景观；look表情，面貌；sign标志，符号； appearance表象，外貌。 答案：C,4You
21、 are always full of _.Can you tell me the secret? Taking plenty of exercise every day. Apower Bstrength Cforce Denergy 解析：full of energy充满活力；power常指权力，电力；strength力气； force武力。 答案：D 5Of the seven days in a week，Saturday is said to be the most popular _ for a wedding in some countries. Away Bsituation
22、Cevent Dchoice 解析：“周六是婚礼的最佳选择”，用choice。 答案：D 6My morning _ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast. Adrill Baction Cregulation Droutine 解析：routine表示常规或惯例。 答案：D,7AIDS control and prevention is a _ to China as well as the whole world. Asurprise Bchallenge Creaction Dthreat 解
23、析：be a challenge to.，对来说是个挑战。 答案：B 8You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of _. Adate Bshape Corder Dbalance 解析：由句意可知out of shape指“变形”。 答案：B 9If you like I can do some shopping for you. Thats a very kind _. Aoffer Bservice Cpoint Dsuggestion 解析：offer作名词时意为“提供、提议”。 答案：A,10Finding in
24、formation in todays world is easy.The _ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. Aability Bcompetition Cchallenge Dknowledge 解析：由句意“找出信息是容易的，但如何判断信息是否有用则是 个挑战”可知。 答案：C 11Mickey bought an old car cheaply，cleaned it up and sold it the next week at a _. Abenefit Bbargain Cprofit
25、 Dprize 解析：at a profit (of) 意为“(以赚)而获利”。 答案：C 12Although it is not our normal _ to give credit in our shop， this time I think we should consider the matter more closely. Ahabit Bintention Caction Dpractice,解析：由句意“尽管我们店里不常赊帐”，可知此处 practice指“惯例、习俗”。 答案：D 13He can speak English，German，French and Japane
26、se.He is nearly a man with a _ for languages. Agift Bpresent Creward Dwealth 解析：gift 此处意为“天赋、禀赋”。 答案：A 14He was _ as a designer，which was _ to us all. Aa success；a surprise Bsuccess；surprise Ca success；surprise Dsuccess；a surprise,解析：success，surprise均为抽象名词，但当其指“成功(令人惊 讶)的人或事”时，则已具体化，为可数名词。 答案：A 15They waved with their hands and hats a last _ to their friends. Acongratulation Blook Cfarewell Dleave 解析：farewell 同goodbye，表“辞别、告别”。 答案：C,