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1、非谓语动词,Tell the function of the verbs in the following sentences,The ship sailed south. Learning English well is no easy task. To be strict with students is to be responsible for them. I dont know what to say to calm her. The issue discussed at the meeting was quite important. Do you hear the wind bl
2、owing? Mary bought a little bird, it was very pretty.,谓语,主语,谓语,主语,系动词,表语,谓语,宾语,状语,定语,系动词,谓语,宾补,谓语,谓语,The ship sailed south. Learning English well is no easy task. To be strict with students is to be responsible for them. I dont know what to say to calm her. The issue discussed at the meeting was qui
3、te important. Do you hear the wind blowing? Mary bought a little bird, it was very pretty.,非谓语动词,1性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。,2形式,不定式 to do 动名词 doing 分词 现在分词 doing 过去分词 done,动词不定式,1. To make a speech here is an honour. It is an honour to make a speech here.
4、 It is an honour for me to make a speech here.,作主语,2. To see is to believe. My purpose is to teach them a lesson.,作表语,3. He agreed to keep it a secret. They are learning how to repair cars.,作宾语,有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。找出用不定式做宾语的动词： want, admit, imagine, miss, demand, practise, like, hate, hope, begin, seem,
5、delay, fail, help, offer, manage, pretend, forget, remember, promise, prepare, avoid, escape, learn, expect, mention, agree, determine, prefer, intend, etc.,4. He is the right person to do the job. Mary is always the last to arrive at the office. His wish to become a pilot never came true. I have so
6、mething to say. Id like a few books to read during the journey. I had only $10 to buy the book with.,作定语,Pay attention to the prep. I want a bookcase to put my books _. Ive bought a motorcycle to go to work _. He is a nice person to work _. There is something to pay attention _.,5. I come to pick up
7、 my boy. The pupil observed the spider to find out its habits. She returned only to be told she was not admitted to that university. I was too angry at that not to say about it. The two men were only too anxious to leave.,作状语,表心情或倾向的形容词， eg. glad, ready, pleased, willing, satisfied, 在tooto句型中无否定含义,不
8、定式的变形,原形 to do 否定 not to do 时态 to do to be doing to have done 被动 to be done to have been done,Exercises,The girl pretended _ (listen) when the teacher looked at her. How do you do? Im pleased _ (meet) you. I must be off now. Im pleased _ (meet) you. The students asked _ (allow) to play for a while.
9、The questions _(anwer) are on page 10. The novel is said _(translate) into several languages.,动名词,1. 作主语 看英语新闻是很好的学习英语的方式。 Reading English news is a good way to learn English. It is+ no good (no use, useless, fun, a waste of time)+doing 2. 作表语 他的爱好是在湖边垂钓。 His hobby is fishing by the lake.,3. 作宾语 你介意
10、关一下门吗？ Do you mind closing the door? Try to list some verbs and verbal phrases that must be followed by gerunds.,关于逻辑主语的问题 Mike赢得一等奖使每个人都很惊讶。 他假装什么也不知道是没有用的。 我认为最大的问题是他们没有足够的时间。 你介意我现在离开吗？ 1.Mikes winning the first prize greatly surprised everyone. 2.His pretending to know nothing is useless. 3.I th
11、ink the biggest problem is their lacking in time. 4. Do you mind my leaving now?,动名词复合结构的一般规则是： 1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词或代词所有格；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。 Toms (His) coming is what we have expected. She didnt mind Jack / Jacks (him/ his) coming here.,2.逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用普通格。 I know nothing about the window being
12、 open. 3.逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this, that, somebody, someone, nobody, none, anybody, anyone时， 只用普通格。 She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside.,动名词与不定式的不同含义： be afraid to do be afraid of doing She was afraid _( wake ) her husband up, for he had a bad temper. She was afraid _( of wake ) her husband, for
13、 he was ill.,I am afraid of crashing into a post. 不能说：I am afraid to crash into a post.,to wake,of waking,2) forget to do sth. forget doing sth. The light in the office is off. It was she who turned it off, but she herself forgot _( turn ) it off. The light in the office is still on. She forgot _(tu
14、rn )it off.,turning,to turn,3)remember to do sth. remember doing sth. Do you remember _(meet) me at a party last year? You must remember _( leave) tomorrow.,meeting,to leave,4) stop to do sth. stop doing sth. 5) regret to do sth. regret doing sth. I regret _( go ) to his home town. I regret _( tell
15、) you the truth.,going,to tell,6)try to do sth. try doing sth. Never mind. Just try _( do ) it in another way. You must try _ (do) it well.,doing,to do,7) mean to do sth. mean doing sth. If it means _( delay ) more than a week, Ill not wait. I mean _( go ), and nothing can stop me. 8) go on to do st
16、h. go on doing sth.,delaying,to go,9) like/love/hate/dislike to do sth. like/love/hate/dislike doing sth. 10) want/require/need to be done want/require/need doing. The temple needs_( rebuild). The children require_ (educate).,11)canit help doing sth. cant help (to) do sth. cant help but do sth. 1.I
17、couldnt help_(think) of my childhood when I saw the picture. 2.Im sorry I cant help_(lend) you the money, for Im short of it nowadays. 3.I cant help but_(cry).,thinking,(to) lend,cry,分词,一般式 完成式 现在分词 doing having done being done having been done 过去分词 done,Exercises,_ (be) a native Shanghainese, he kn
18、ows the city well. The question _(discuss) now is important. _ (not know) the word, he couldnt translate the sentence.,Being,being discussed,Not knowing,1. _(study) in the university for 3 years, hes familiar with it. 比较：_(study) in the university for 3 years, hes familiar with it. 2. _ (criticize)
19、by his mother several times, Tom gave up smoking. 比较：_ (criticize) by his mother several times, Tom gave up smoking. 3. The _(escape) prisoner was injured in the leg. 比较：The _(escape) prisoner was shot in the leg.,Having studied,Having been criticized,Having been studying,Criticized,escaped,escaping
20、,分词在句子中的用法,作定语 Look at the _(break) glass. The road _(join) the two villages is very wide.,注意以下词组中分词的含义 rising sun risen sun falling leaves fallen leaves freezing water frozen water,broken,joining,2. 作宾语补足语 He heard the wind _(blow) outside. He heard the door _(shut) by the wind.,She had her money _
21、 (burn) while cooking. He had the washing machine _(work) the whole night. The teacher had the pupil _(repeat) what he said.,blowing,shut,burnt,working,repeat,3.作状语 1)_(wander) through the square, I met a former classmate. _(take) around the city, we were impressed by the magnificent buildings. 2)_
22、(tire) out, they stop to have a rest. _(think) he might be at home, I phoned him. 3) _(stay) here for some time, youll find the people are friendly. _(give) another chance, Id have done the job better,Tired,Taken,Thinking,Staying,Wandering,Given,4) He saw the sad movie, _(cry) and _(sigh). The teach
23、er stood there, _ (surround) by the students. He lay on the ground half dead, with his legs _ (break). With trees and flowers _(grow) here and there, the field looks beautiful.,crying,sighing,surrounded,broken,growing,5) _ (walk) along the road, an accident happened. _ (have) dinner, the dishes were
24、 washed. _ (be) Sunday, we dont have to get up early. _(judge) from the report, the damage was not serious.,一些常用的独立结构 Generally speaking, honestly speaking, to tell the truth, to be honest, etc.,Being?,Having?,Walking?,Judging?,Judging,独立主格结构 （ 所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑主语时，叫独立主格结构。） There _( b
25、e ) no buses, we had to walk home. 2. The signal _( give ), the bus started.,being,given,3. Weather _ ( permit ), well visit the Great Wall. 4. A teacher from England _( teach ) us English, were sure to learn it well. 5. With him _( give ) us a lead, our team is to win. 6. He was looking at the scre
26、en again, with the machine _( turn ) on. 7. The girl felt uneasy with the whole class _( stare ) at her. 8. You might catch a cold with your feet _( expose).,permitting,teaching,giving,turned,staring,exposed,Revision 1. Li Ming works hard, _( pass ) the exams. 2. Li Ming works hard, _( try ) to pass
27、 the exams. 3. He returned home , _( find ) the house broken into. 4.His father died, _( leave ) him nothing but debts. 5. Do you know the man _(speak ) at the meeting?,6. Do you know the man _( praise ) at the meeting? 7. The building _( put ) up last year is our library. 8. The building _( put ) u
28、p now will be our new company. 9. The building _( put ) up next year will be our new company. 10. He was the first person _ (come) to the classroom this morning.,11. The only thing _(get )is the diamond necklace. 12. Everything _ (do ) needs praising. 13. Do you have anything _ ( say )? 14. Here are
29、 some books for you _( read ). 15. The _( surprise) news made us _(surprise).,16. The _( interest )man, Chaplin, interested us all. 17. There appeared a _( worry ) look on his face. She tried to hide her _ ( dissatisfy) expression in public. The prisoner was brought in, with his hands _ (tie) behind his back. _ (not receive) a reply, he decided to write again.,