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1、名词性从句,克拉玛依市高级中学 刘守疆,一.相关概念,1.名词：表示人或事物的名称的词 2.名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作 主语,宾语,表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语,状语。 3.名词性从句： 在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主 语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫: 名词性从句。,语序问题,特殊句式,关联词的区分,种类,名 词 性 从 句,虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用,1.When we will start is not clear. 2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief. 3. My i
2、dea is that we should do it right now. 4.I had no idea that you were her friend.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,I 名词性从句的种类,Rope or ox?,The man in the prison asked a new comer why he was sent there. The new comer answered, “ I am out of luck, I think. A few days ago I was walking in the street when I saw a pie
3、ce of dirty rope. I thought nobody wanted it so I picked it up and took it home.” “ But it is not against the law that a man picks up a piece of rope and take home!” “ I told you I had bad luck, didnt I?” the man sighed,“The trouble is that I didnt notice there was an ox at the other end of that rop
4、e.”,II 语序问题,1.The photographs will show you _ （MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news . A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. how excited he was
5、 D. he was how excited,3.He asked_for a violin.（MET 92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,. 名词性从句的连接词,一、主语从句,连词that(无词义, 不作成分, 不能省略);whether(是否),不用if. That he will come and help us is certain. Whether we will succeed is still a question.,注意: 已确定的事由that
6、引导; 没决定的事由whether引导.,二.主语从句,1.主语从句的连接词,1).连接词: that, whether 例:(1)._ he will win is certain. (2).It has been reported _sales of beef in China will increase. (3)._ we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided. (4)._ he ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.,That,that,Whether,Whet
7、her,2）. 连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever 等.,What he is has nothing to do with you. Whose ticket this is has not been found out.,连接代词: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,whatever, whichever,(1).It is clear is afraid of having a change in land ownership. (2)._ bag it is ca
8、n not be told. (3)._ India needs is a law to make land ownership fairer.,who,Whose,What,(4).It is not yet decided _cash crop will be produced next year. (5)._ he said was right. (6)._ go there must get ready by 6 oclock.,which,Whatever,Whoever,3.连接副词when(ever), where(ever), why, how(ever), how long,
9、 how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等.,When the test will be given is not yet decided. How much we can spend must be agreed on.,连接副词: when, where, why, how, how many, how much ,how long, how soon, how often,(1). _well start tomorrow will be told soon. (2). _we can buy oxen is something we
10、 need to find out. (3)._he came here is not known.,When,Where,How / When,(4)._ we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed. (5). _people died from starvation that year will never be known. (6). _hell go to see his grandmother depends on the time he can spare.,How,How many,How often,主谓一致
11、问题,特殊句式,It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. （MET 92） Awhile B. that Cif Dfor,Can you understand them? It is well known/reported/ thought/said that It is clear/necessary/certain/true that It is a pity/a shame/an honor that It doesnt matter whether It seems that It happens that,为了使句子保持平衡
12、，常用_来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到_，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。,请你归纳 ？,it,后面,三、主语从句典型错误 1：That she wants to know is which dress she should buy. 2: He will give up his job surprises all of us. 3:No matter who breaks the law will be punished. 4:If the meeting wil
13、l be held in our school is not known yet. 5: That worried her a bit was that he couldnt get in touch with her friend. 6: He is said he has gone to America.,What,That he,Whoever,Whether,It,What,二. 宾语从句,1. 由连词that 引导: that 常可省略。,I told him (that) I would come back soon.,注：并列第二个以上的宾语从句,或有插入语时不能省略that.)
14、,He said (that) he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one.,宾语从句,引导宾语从句的that常常可以省略,但在以下情况 不能省略.,make, find, feel, consider这些词后面用it作形式宾语时, that不能省略。,I find it necessary that we study English .,2) 及物动词后有两个宾语从句时，第二个that不能省略。,He said (that) he would go there the next day and
15、 that his family wouldnt go there .,3) 与动词相隔离的宾语从句，that不能省略。,The teacher tells us very often that we should study hard .,4) 宾语从句放在句首时,为了表示强调,that不能省略。,That he has done such a thing I cant believe .,二. 宾语从句,用it 作形式宾语, that引导的真正的宾语从句放后面时, that 不省略.,He made it clear that he objected to the plan.,当宾语从句后
16、面有补语的时候,我们也需要用形式宾语it, 而将宾语从句放在补语之后,如： （1）I found it very difficult that one learns several languages at the same time. （2）He thinks it necessary that we should be given more time practising oral English.,make, think, consider, feel, find,2. 由wh-引导词引导。,We fully understood what he meant. Do you know w
17、hether/if she is coming here?,1.I believe that the teacher will consider our suggestions. 2. He always thinks of how he can do it well. 3. She was praised for what she had done. 4. He wants to know if I still study English. 5. I am interested in whether he can do it in such a short time.,1. 介词后的宾从.
18、Everything depends on whether it is fine tomorrow. 2. whetheror not的宾从. I dont know whether or not shell like it. 3. 复合不定式只能用whether. Tell us whether to go or stay here.,whether 与 if 有时可以换用，但下列情况只能用whether.,三. 表语从句,表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同. 但: 1. that引导表语从句时不能省. 2. if不能引导表语从句.,表语从句的引导词: 基本上与主语从句的引导词相同.连
19、词除了that, whether(不用if)外,还可以用because；在连系动词seem,look之后还可用as though (as if ). e.g. (1).That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year. (2).The question was when the butcher was likely to come back from the town.,(3).The fact remains that a change in land ownership is needed in India. (4).That is
20、 what he told us. (5).It seems as if it is going to rain.,注意点,1). 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序. 2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略. 3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导. 4).不要使用 The reason is because 句型,应使用 The reason is that 或 This / it /that/ is because等句型.,例如: 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多. 1.The reason why he was late this morning is be
21、cause that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 2.The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 3.He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.,表语从句典型错误： 1：The reason why I was late was because I missed the train. 2: -
22、I rang you at about ten, but there is no reply. -Oh, that was probably why I was seeing the doctor. 3: The difficulty we now meet with is if we can persuade him to tell the truth.,that,when,whether,四. 同位语从句,同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge,
23、 doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后面, 用以说明或解释前面的名词的内容.,The news that our team has won the match is true. His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.,1.The suggestion that he should not go there is of great value. 2. The suggestion that he made is of great value. 3.The fac
24、t that he won the first place cant be denied. 4.The fact that he told me excited me.,主语从句、同位语从句、定语从句的区别,That she did best in the exam pleased her parents .,The news that our team won the first prize excited all of us .,The news that we know from her excited all of us .,解释说明；that在从句中不充当任何成分,修饰限定；that
25、在从句中有成分,注: 1. 同位语从句多用that 引导,2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.,I have no idea where he has gone. I have no idea when he did it. I have no idea what he did.,1.I have no idea that you were here. 2.She always asks herself the question what she will be . 3.There can be no doubt that she is qualified for
26、the job. 4. Word came that China has won another gold medal in the Olympic Games being held in Athens, Greece.,1.同位语从句的引导词: that 2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别: 如果that作从句中的某一成分,则是定语从句,如果that不作从句中的任何成分,则是同位语从句. 例: (1). I had no idea that it was so late. (主系表结构,that 不作从句中的成分,同位语从句) (2).I still remember the place tha
27、t we visited last year,注：同位语从句VS定语从句： （1）同位语从句的先行名词极为有限，而定语从句的先行词则不计其数。 （2）引导同位语从句的连词that在句中不担任句子成分，而引导定语从句的that则在从句中作主语，宾语等。 (3)引导同位语从句的wh-词多具有疑问意义，而引导定语从句的wh一词则没有疑问意义。,（4）同位语从句与先行名词是等同关系，一个具体，一个抽象，两者常可以转述为主表关系;而定语从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰关系。,（4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和whe
28、re引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如： They put forward the question where they could get the money. This is the place where the accident happened.,that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有:idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof ,message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word 等.,Word came that- News came
29、 that- Rumor came that- A story goes that-,1. that 与 what 2. if 与 whether 3. who 与 whoever what 与 whatever,IV关联词的区分,1.用that 或what 填空,1. I wonder if this is _you are looking for. 2. Our school is quite different from _ it was before. 3. Father made a promise _ if I passed the examination he would buy
30、 me a computer.,what,what,that,4._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind. 5._ the earth is round is known to us all.,What,That,1）_ you dont like him is none of my business. （1992) A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether,高考题选萃,2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. ( 93) A.What
31、 B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3) Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is - not ever. ( 2002） A. that B. which C. of which D. what,2.用if 或whether 填空,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing
32、.,whether / if,whether,whether,4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.,a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从 句、 介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether， 不能用if ； b.后面紧跟 or not 时, 用whether,whether,Whether,If,1._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be
33、held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C.Whether D.That 2._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B.Whether C. That D.Where,高考题选萃,3.选择填空 （what,whatever,who,whoever,1._ was said here must be kept secret. 2. _we need is more time. 3._ made the long distance call to him is
34、 not important. 4._ breaks the law will be punished.,Whatever,What,Who,Whoever,_等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而 _等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。,请你归纳 who,whoever/what, whatever ?,whoever, whatever,Who, what,1._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. (99) A.Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever,高考题
35、选萃,2. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A.anyone B. whomever C.whoever D.no matter who,3.These wild flowers are so special, I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever,4. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. （NMET
36、 97） A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever,5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.（MET 88） A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who,在advise ,command, demand，desire insist， order , propose , require ,request， suggest， 等表示坚持，命令，建议，要求等意义的动词后，宾语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式为: should do ， shou
37、ld 可省，直接用动词原形。,V.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用,这种虚拟语气也可以运用在其他的名词性从句中,从句内容不变, 如: （1）It was suggested that we should go outing this weekend. （主语从句） （2）He made a suggestion that we should go outing this weekend. （同位语从句） （3）His suggestion was that we should go outing this weekend. （表语从句）,（1）He suggested that we （shoul
38、d） go outing this weekend. （2）The Emperor ordered that the clothes （should） be made for him at once. （3）He insisted that we （should） stay for lunch.,VI 巩固练习,1.The question is _ the film is worth seeing Aif Bwhat Cwhether Dhow 2.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right Athat what Bwhat
39、that Cthat Dwhether,3.Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I cant remember _. Awhere Bthere Cwhich Dthat 4.Energy is _ makes things work Awhat Beverything Csomething Danything,5.The reason _ I have to go is_ my mother is ill in bed A. why ; why B. why ; because C. why ; that D. that ; be
40、cause 6.He doesnt think the question of _ they are men or women is important A. whether B. if C. which D. why,7.It was ordered that all the soldiers _ to the front A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go 8.Air is to us _ water is to fish A. is that B. what C. which D. that,1.That
41、 India needs is a law to make landownership fairer. 2.If the meeting will be held remains unknown. 3.Landownership in some countries is unfair is obvious.,Grammar Cops,-,-,What,Whether,That,4.That is a surprise that she is still alive. 5.The problem is if we will raise ducks or geese. 6.The reason w
42、hy he failed the exam is because he didnt work hard. 7.The question is how you should do next.,-,-,-,-,It,whether,that,what,8.The fact the earth travels round the sun is known to all. 9.You must remember the fact what he told you. 10.It is generally considered unwise to give a child no matter what h
43、e or she wants.,_,_,whatever,that or: /,that,Tell the difference,What & that 1._ he said at the conference astonished everybody. 2.It worried her a lot _ her hair was turning grey. 3.It is _ we can do not _ we are and where we come from that matters,What,that,what,what,4.We human beings are often af
44、ter _ we cant get but neglect _ we already have. 5.The question is _ is to be done next. 6._ the elegant girl does not show any interest in the rough boy is clear. 7.The fact _ China is no longer _ it used to be astonished the foreigners.,what,what,what,That,what,that,8.I believe _ you have done you
45、r best and _ things will improve in time. 9._ surprised her most was _ her well-behaved boyfriend smoked like a chimney the moment they got married. 10.Finally the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.,that,(that),What,that,(that),Whether & if 1._ we will go camping tomorrow depends
46、 on _ it is fine tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not the report is true. 3. I wonder _ it doesnt rain.,Whether,whether,whether,whether / if,Whether & if 1._ we will go camping tomorrow depends on _ it is fine tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not the report is true. 3. I wonder _ it doesnt rain.,Whether,whether,whether,whether/if,4. The problem is _ we can collect enough money for setting up schools for the dropouts. 5. It doesnt matter so much _ you will come or not. 6.Id like to know _ you have finished the project. _ you have finished it , please give me