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1、肯定与否定的翻译,一、英语肯定、汉语否定 形式上，英语采用肯定句式，但实际在含蓄表达否定意义，翻译成汉语时用否定。 （1）动词 英语中含有否定的动词有：fail, miss, lack, ignore, escape, refuse, withhold, neglect, deny, overlook, exclude, differ, forbid, defy, hate, etc 动词词组：keep from, refrainfrom Eg. To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into accoun
2、t. 使我们失望的是他不顾大局。,He ran his eyes over the refreshments on the table but shook his head and refused to touch anything. 他看了看桌子上的点心，摇了摇头，一点也不想 吃。 Her hint escaped me. 她的暗示没有引起我的注意。 She went to the airport to meet her friend, but she missed her in the crowd. 她去机场接她的朋友，可是没能在人群中见到她。 He keeps from alcohol
3、and tobaco. 他烟酒不沾。,(2)名词,表示否定的名词有：absence, avoidance, failure, denial, refusal, freedom, loss, lack, ignorance, defiance, embarrassment, etc Eg: His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident. 他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸。,Her child was in a terrible state of neglect. 她的孩子简直没人管。 He coughed with e
4、mbarrassment. 他不自然地咳嗽。 A lack of awareness of cultural differences or local customs can create problems. 不注意文化差异和当地的习俗可能会出问题。,（3）形容词,表达否定意义的形容词及短语：few, little, thin, deaf, absent, awkward, had, blind, dead, last, poor, free from, far from, safe from, short of, ignorant of, safe and sound, etc Eg: Th
5、e explanation is pretty thin. 这种解释理由很不充分。,He was deaf to all advice. 他不听一切劝告。 I am glad to see you safe and sound. 我很高兴看到你安然无恙。 He would be the last man to say such things. 他决不会说这种话。,（4）副词,常见的否定副词有：little, seldom, hardly, barely, scarcely, otherwise, rarely ,etc Eg: The old lady said idly, “Well, wh
6、at dose it matter?” 那老妇人漫不经心地说：“哼！这有什么关系？” Time is what we want most, but what many use worst. 时间是我们最缺少的，但偏偏许多人最不善于利用。,Traveling alone, she was sitting in the corner of the carriage. 她没有同伴，只一个人坐在车厢一角动也不动。 Slips are scarcely avoidable when you are new to your work. 没有工作经验，出点差错是不可避免的。,（5）介词及介词短语,表示否定的
7、介词和介词短语有：beside, against, from, above, below, under, beyond, beneath, without, except, within, instead of, out of, etc Eg: She is above meanness and deceit. 她不至于做卑鄙和欺骗的事情。 He is beyond doubt an enterprising young man. 无疑，他是一位有进取心的青年人。,What he said is beside the question. 他说的与本题无关。 Good advice is wit
8、hout price. 好的建议是无价的。 It is far from him to do anything to hurt you . 他决不会做任何伤害你的事情。,（6）连词及短语,表示否定意义的常用连词有：before, rather than, unless, too to, or, etc Eg: I , rather than you, should do the work. 应该做这个工作的应该是我，而不是你。 You ought to know better than to do that sort of things. 你应知道不该做那种事情。 Youd better do
9、 it now before you forget it. 趁着还没有忘记，你最好现在就做。,They would rather go on with the experiment than give it up. 他们宁愿把实验继续下去，而不愿放弃。 Wear your raincoat or you will catch cold. 穿上雨衣，不然你会着凉的。,（7）一些特定结构,It is a wise father that knows his own son. 再聪明的父亲也不见得了解自己的儿子。 It is a silly fish that is caught twice. 再愚
10、蠢的鱼也不会上钩两次。（智者不会重蹈覆辙） But that she was prevented, my mother would have accomplished her design. 若不是被阻止，我妈妈早就完成她的设计了,We have bitten off more than we can chew. 我们承担了力所不能及的事。/贪多嚼不烂。 Oh, God! If this is a ladys manners. 噢，天哪！这决不是女人的举止。,（8）一些习惯表达,He is a nuisance, I want to see the back of him. 他真讨厌，我也不愿
11、意见到他。 We are living up to what the people expect to us. 我们不会辜负人民对我们的期望。 He who has a mind， to beat his dog will easily find his stick. 欲加之罪，何患无词。 A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林，不如一鸟在手。,Let me catch you at it again. 再让我逮着你，可饶不了你。 I hear everything. 什么都瞒不过我。 A stitch in time saves n
12、ine. 小洞不补，大洞吃苦。 Tom was professors godson, and had been one of the family anytime these 20years. 汤姆是教授的干儿子，这20年来，一家人没把他当外人看。,in,He is trying in vain to answer the question. 他回答不出来那个问题。 The criminal is still at large. 罪犯还尚未捉拿归案。 The restaurant was anything but satisfactory. 这家饭店太不让人满意了。 I was at a lo
13、ss to understand what he alluded to . 我无法领悟他话中暗示的是什么。,二、英语否定，汉语肯定,（1）动词 Suddenly he heard a sound behind him, and realized he was not alone in the garage. 他突然听见背后有响声，便立刻意识到车库里还有别人。 The mother gently disengaged her hand from that of her sleeping baby. 母亲小心翼翼地从熟睡的孩子手里抽出自己的手。,The boss could fire any em
14、ployee who had ever displeased him. 老板可以开除任何得罪过他的雇员。 How often has he not complained about the weather here! 他经常抱怨这里的天气。,（2）副词,It is a wise man that never makes mistakes. 再聪明的人也会犯错。 He involuntarily raised his hand to scratch his head. 他下意识地举起手挠挠头。,（3）名词,There has been serious disagreement between t
15、he two political parties over this question. 关于这个问题两个政党之间存在严重分歧。 We were puzzled by the sudden disappearance of our team leader. 队长突然失踪使我们感到困惑不解。 There is nothing like jogging as a means of exercise. 慢跑是锻炼身体的最佳办法。,（4）形容词,Eg: Teachers should be nondiscriminatory and should be equal to any of their st
16、udents. 老师应该一视同仁，平等地对待每一位学生。 This fish is an unusual winter visitor to Japan Sea. 这种鱼很少冬季到日本海来。 Many people thought Henry was so indecisive that it was hard to be a team leader. 好多人认为亨利是个优柔寡断的人，不适合做队长,（5）短语,She will forget all about it as likely as not. 她很可能会忘得一干二净。 He is old, none the less he works
17、 like a young man. 他虽然上了年纪，但干起活来，还象个年轻人。 We do not like her other than she is now. 我们就喜欢她现在的样子。 They are only too pleased to see the film. 他们非常喜欢看这部电影。,（6）一些习惯用法,We cannot be too careful in doing experiment. 我们做实验越小心越好。 The importance of scientific research cannot be overvalued. 科研的重要性无论怎样估计都不过分。 It
18、 is a wise man that never makes mistakes. 再聪明的人也会犯错误/智者千虑必有一失。 Well, if she isnt beautiful! 哇！她太漂亮了！,Who doesnt love his country? 谁都热爱自己的祖国。 Teachers and parents didnt praise her slightly. 老师、家长们对她大加赞赏。 He spent not a little on his reading. 他买书花了很多钱。 She was too eager to know the result of blood tes
19、t. 她急切地想知道验血的结果。,双重否定,双重否定比较符合英美人的习惯，是一种委婉的表达方法。可译成汉语的肯定句。常用句式有： （1）toonot to/ not tooto 太肯定会、不要不 Eg: He is too wicked not to meet a bad end some day. 他太坏了，总有一天会有恶报。 You should not be too proud to learn from others. 你不应该骄傲得不向别人学习。/你应该虚心地向别人学习。,(2) cannot too/ over 怎么都不过分、越越好,You cannot be too carefu
20、l in doing your homework. 你做作业越细心越好。 One can hardly pay too high a prize for liberty. 一个人为了自由付出的代价再高也值得。,（3）否定词+表示否定意义的词,两个否定词不一定是同等意义的否定。一般是一个否定词和一个表示否定意义的词或词组构成。 It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆。/不鸣则已，一鸣惊人 I promised that never a day should pass that I did not visit him. 我答应每天去看他。 He spoke n
21、othing to no purpose. 他绝不空谈。 Fight no battle unprepared. 不打无准备之战。,一些需要注意的情况,（1）否定从句中的谓语动词 主句的谓语动词为think, feel, seem, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, reckon等时，形式上在前的动词否定后移。 It doesnt seem that we can return the books on time. 好像我们无法按时把书还回去。,（2）否定介词短语,She has not come to you for lunch. 她不是为吃午饭来找你的。
22、(not for lunch) He had never traveled by air. 他从来没有乘飞机旅游过。(not by air),(3)否定动词不定式,One does not live to eat, but eats to live. 人活着不是为了吃，而吃却是为了活着。(not to eat) We are not here to quarrel with you, but to help you. 我们来这不是为了同你吵架，而是来帮助你的。(not to quarrel with you),(4) 否定谓语,有些介词短语中带有no,neither之类的否定词，形式上否定名词
23、，但译成汉语时，应把否定词移到谓语上。 In no case can the parents agree their daughter to go with a stranger. 在任何情况下，父母都不会同意女儿跟一个陌生人走。(not agree),(5)一些固定结构,not so much as 在意义上相当于lessthan常译成“与其说不如说” The ocean do not so much divide the world as unite it. 与其说海洋把世界分开，不如说吧世界连接起来。,Not morethan/ none morethan,There wont be a
24、 warmer place than home. 没有什么地方比家更温暖的了。/家是最温暖的地方。 表面看是否定谓语，实际上这种结构是最高级的一种委婉表达方式。一般译为“不比更”或“最”,Notbecause/ for,i did not go because I am afraid.可以理解为Because I am afraid, I did not go./ I went, but it was not because I am afraid. I did not buy the book yesterday, because it was too expensive. (因果关系紧密，not对主句谓语否定） We should not despise the girl because she is poor. (因果关系不是很强，原因状语不直接放在主句之前。Not否定转移，否定状语从句。),Because 前面有时候加有just, only, simply等副词。这些副词一般帮助否定because引起的从句。常译为“不要只因为”，“不要久因为”。 如：Dont be vain just because you are pretty. 不要只因为你长得漂亮，就爱慕虚荣。,