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1、如何提高中学生英语 书面表达的能力,苏州大学附属中学 黄丽艳,实际教学中学生在写作中经常出现的错误 教师在教学中的困惑 考纲上对写作的要求 我校高一、高二的具体做法 我校高三的具体做法 写作课实例,Volunteers make a difference!,一、实际英语教学中学生在写作时经常 出现的错误,一、实际英语教学中学生在写作时经常出现的错误,In recent years, there have been large numbers of volunteers devote their time and effort to people in need. In recent years
2、, a large number of volunteers devote their time and effort to people in need. The picture shows us a touching moment that two volunteers help a disabled man in a wheelchair. Only in this way can society be more harmony. As we can see in the picture, many volunteers help people who is disabled.,(dev
3、ote 改成devoting),(devote 改成have devoted),(that 改成when),(harmony 改成 harmonious),(is 改成 are),Unfortunately, there still exists a great many problems. As we can see in the picture that two volunteers are helping a disabled person to go upstairs. We should help the senior citizens in the House for the Ag
4、ed regular. Realize it would be impossible for the man to get to the top all by himself, the volunteers carry the wheelchair with difficulty step by step up the stairs. This picture reminds me many volunteers in my school, my community and our country.,(exists 改成exist),(that 改成 ，),（regular 改成regular
5、ly）,(Realize 改成Realizing),(在me 后加of),2011年江苏高考书面表达,The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her working mom. Realizing her mom must be very tired after a days work, the girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder. All this reminds me of my mother who has been doing
6、 whatever she could to let me have the best.,众所周知的是，随着人们生活水平的提高，汽车成了一种受欢迎的交通方式，给我们的生活带来了很多方便。 As is known to all, with the improvement of peoples living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport, bringing great convenience to our life. a popular means of transport, which brings great
7、convenience to our life.,总结1,展示学生习作中的错误 让学生找出错误，并改正 联想相关的重点结构 利用好的结构让学生仿写或改写,二、老师们在英语课堂教学中经常遇到的困惑,1、如何让学生得高分？ 2、如何避免书面表达中经常出现的一些低级错误？ 3、如何让一些能力较弱的学生写出一些像样的句子？ 4、如何让学生写出流畅的句子，而不是一些生搬硬套的短语的堆砌？ 5、如何让整篇文章读起来通顺，流畅？,What makes a good article?,Beautiful handwriting Large vocabulary Various sentence structu
8、res Correct grammar Proper conjunctions ,How to write more beautiful sentences in our compositions?,(重庆卷) 学校网站新开设了一个“英语写作”栏目（column），以便学生发表（post）英语作文，进行交流，提高写作能力。现请你为该栏目写一个英文介绍，内容包括： 开设目的 栏目优势：教师在线（on line）指导等 作文要求：内容贴近学生生活 优秀作文的鼓励办法 邀请大家参与 注意： 词数100左右 开头语已为你写好（不计入总词数） Welcome to the column “writing
9、 English”!,Welcome to the column “English Writing”! Recently the school website has set up a new column called “English Writing”, which provides students with the chances to post their compositions and communicate with each other . Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way, but
10、 also they can strengthen their self-confidence. The column has lots of advantages. It is the teachers guide on line that has the advantage over other columns .If necessary, the students can have a direct “ask and answer” with professional teachers. It is required that the compositions should be rel
11、ated to the students life. Whats more, if it is organized well enough, the writer will be rewarded for it . Hoping for the students participation.,Not only can students,定语从句,条件句和被动句,主语从句,So what advanced structures can we use when writing compositions? 1.非谓语动词( non-predicate verbs) (-ing,-ed,-to do)
12、 2.倒装句(inversion) 3.各种从句：(clauses) 名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句 4.强调句 (structure emphasis) 5.被动语态(passive voice),巧用多种结构增强句子的表现力,(一 ) 非谓语动词的使用 1.The bridge is being built in the town. The bridge will make the island a tourist attraction. (现在分词) 2. Successful business are those which are built around good personal
13、 relationships. (过去分词) 3. He wants to improve his spoken English. He often talks with the native speakers.(不定式),The bridge being built in the town will make ,Successful business are those built around ,In order to improve his spoken English, he often talks with ,(二) 倒装句的使用,1. We can save the animals
14、 by changing the plants we eat. Only 2.She is clever but she never works hard. as 3. The clock tower stands on the other side of the street. On the other side of the street,by changing the plants we eat can we save,Clever she is, she never works hard.,stands the clock tower.,(三）强调句的使用,1.The teachers
15、 words encouraged her greatly. （强调主语） 2.we have an easy access to the internet for information in the E-reading room(强调地点状语) (2006浙江),It was the teachers words that encouraged her greatly.,It is in the E-reading room that we have an easy access to the internet for information,（四）从句的使用,1.To our surpr
16、ise, he refused to take the position.（名词性从句） 2.When he climbed up higher, he felt more breathless.(比较状语从句） 3. We all know that the Beijing 2008 Olympic games is a great success. (非限制性定语从句）,What surprised us was that he refused to take ,The higher he climbed up , the more breathless he felt.,As is kn
17、own to us all, the Beijing 2008 Olympic games is a great success,1.We should take many measures to protect the earth where we live.,Many measures should be taken to protect the earth where we live .,(五) 被动语态,Lets practise,(福建) 目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现 英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是 “My Opinion on Cheating in Examinat
18、ions” 根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。内容要点如下： 主要原因 :考试偏多、偏难;不用功、懒惰;取悦 父母、老师 个人看法: 作弊不对;违反校规;要诚实，努力学 习; （其他方法） 注意:1.短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥 2.短文标题与开头已为你写好,不计入总词数 3.词数100左右. 4参考词汇：作弊 cheat 开头:It is known to us all that some students cheat in examination at school .,Now lets list some important points and discuss what comp
19、lex structures we can use,1、考试偏多、偏难 2、不用功、懒惰,There are too many examinations. They are too difficult for us.,Better: Sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us.,We are lazy and dont work hard .,Better: Not only are some of the students lazy but they also dont work hard at
20、 their lessons.,Or: Some of the students dont work hard because they are lazy.,3、取悦父母、老师 4、作弊不对、违反校规 5、要诚实，努力学习,They want to please their parents and teachers.,Better:_ please their parents and teachers, they sometimes cheat when _ examinations.,In order to,taking,Cheating in examinations is wrong.
21、It breaks the rules of schools.,Better :It is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools.,We students should be honest and study hard.,Better: _is to be honest and try to get good results by _instead of _ in examinations.,What we students should do,studying hard,cheating,总
22、结2,从范文入手，让学生获取好文章的信息 好文章所具备的一些要点 从要点分析让学生学会正确地表达 如何使学生进一步完善自己写的结构,三、考纲上对写作的要求,2012年江苏省考试说明上对书面表达的要求如下：要求考生根据所给情景用英语写一篇150个单词左右的短文。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、方位、关系、内容、数据等；提供情景的形式如图画、图表、提纲、信函等；考生应能：1）根据特定的语境准确使用英语语法，选用恰当的词汇；2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。,第五档作文-第三档作文的要求,第五档（21-25分）：完全覆盖所有任务，完全达到预期写作目的，应用了较多语法结构和词汇，具
23、备较强的语言应用能力，有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，内容连贯。 第四档（16-20分）：较好地完成规定任务，达到预期写作目的，应用基本准确，应用简单的词语间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 第三档（11-15分）：基本完成规定任务，整体达到预期写作目的，有一些词语和结构的错误，但不影响理解，应用简单的词语间的连接成分，是全文内容连贯。,2012年江苏高考作文,81. 生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执,导致关系紧张。请你结合此事,并根据以下提示,用英语写一篇短文,向学校英文报“Happy Teens”专栏投稿。,参考范文,Conflicts with oth
24、ers are common in everyday life. During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball. Then they started shouting and yelling, which turned into a horrible quarrel. To be honest, it was Sus fault but Li was also to blamethey were not ca
25、lm enough and both said some really mean things. They cared too much about winning and losing. As a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game. To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoy a harmonious life. It is also a virt
26、ue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society. Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place. Dont be self-centered and try to be considerate. We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.,四、我校高一、高二年级英语教学中关于书面表达的
27、具体做法,课文佳句仿写 课文同题材仿写 利用平时的教学教会学生一些写作中的得分点,课文佳句仿写,如M1 Unit 1 Reading 中有这样一个句子： He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. 在课后布置的作业中就可以设计这样的翻译句：,英语老师告诉我们要提高英语水平的最好的方法是：花一些时间看英语电视节目或参加一些英语俱乐部。 Our English teacher tells us that the best way
28、 to improve English is to devote ourselves to watching English programs on TV or join English clubs. 大家都相信要改善交通拥挤的最好的方式是：市民们应该骑自行车外出，而要少开私家车。 It is believed that the best way to better the traffic is that the citizens had better ride bicycles instead of driving private cars.,又如：M3 Unit 2 Grammar 的B
29、部分中有这样一个句子： What we should do about the increasing number of “borrowed words” in our vocabulary is something that deserves careful thought. 这个句子中有2个从句的形式，同时又是写作中的一个好句，所以课后的作业中我们就给学生布置这样的题目：,让他吃惊的是他根本无法支付这一大笔钱的事实。 What shocked him most was the fact that he couldnt afford the heavy medical fees. 图片所传递
30、我们的是这样的信息：我们有责任应该尽可能努力使我们的社会成为一个居住的好地方。 What the picture conveys us is the message that it is our responsibility to make our society a good place to live in.,课文同题材仿写,在实际的考试中，写作的形式有些完全是课本上相关的内容，例如：M2 Unit 1 Task 中的Step 3: Writing a report（所占的比例） 的图表形式就是书面表达中经常出现的考试形式，所以当课堂上让学生熟练掌握了如何写这一类的文章后，课后的写作就可以
31、布置这样的内容：,2010年央视春晚的广告收入创新高，但节目中的植入广告引发了热议。最近，某网站举行了一次题为“对今年春晚植入广告的态度”的调查，请根据以下饼图（pie chart）所示信息用英语写一篇短文，并提出你自己的看法。 注意： 1对所给提示，不要简单翻译，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 2词数150左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。 3植入广告：product placement,优秀作文展示 1,The 2010 Spring Festival Gala has set records for TV commercial rates, which accordingly has cau
32、sed heated discussions due to product placement in the programs. According to the pie chart, we can see 15% of the surveyed people think its difficult to develop CCTV without the product placement, because it can provide enough money. At the same time, 20% of them think the product placement is pres
33、ented in the program in a natural way. On the other hand, the rest of the people are against the move and they have their own reasons. Nearly one third of them say the product placement has little to do with the programs, which reduces their interests in the programs. And 10% of the people hold the
34、idea that the disadvantage that it ruins the image of CCTV outweighs its advantage. Besides, a quarter complain there are too much product placement in the programs. As far as Im concerned, even if its common to see product placement, I dont think it should appear in some programs of art and culture
35、.,优秀作文展示 2,The 2010 Spring Festival Gala has set records for TV commercial rates, which accordingly has caused heated discussions due to product placement in the programs. The opinions on this topic vary from person to person. One in four think there is so much of product placement that lots of peop
36、le feel unsatisfied when they watch the programs. And 10% of the people think product placement in the programs greatly ruins the image of CCTV, because it will leave a bad impression on audience in and outside China. Besides, nearly one third of the people hold the opinion that its hard to relate t
37、he product placement to the programs, making the audience feel uncomfortable. However, there are 15% of the people who think it is helpful for the development of CCTV. And the rest think there is no need for us to be so strict with product placement. After all, its very natural. Personally, the prod
38、uct placement is really disgusting and CCTV should try to avoid it.,写作中的得分点,1、文章结构、主题要正确 2、使用多种不同的结构，如：非谓语动词、倒装句、各种从句（名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句)、强调句 、被动语态等等 3、正确使用句子之间的连接词 4、 平时要养成良好的习惯，要写出一手漂亮的好字，有助于写作的得分。 5、文章完成以后一定要认真读一遍，特别要注意动词是否用错？结构是否合理？,书面表达的一些常用结构,帮助学生归纳一些写作中常见的短语、一些精彩的句子，然后罗列一些写作中出现的中文句子，让学生套用以上的短语和句
39、子进行写作，当然这些内容要经常督促学生去学，甚至去背诵，一来对写作有好处，二来对基础知识的巩固也非常有效。,五、我校高三英语对于书面表达的具体做法,1、坚持主题式造句以及课文句型仿写; 2、微型作文训练，并选取部分学生面批; 3、把作文中错句融入到平时的默写或二次提问; 4、在班级分享好的亮点句子，并纳入到造句的 仿写; 5、用学校统一的作文练习纸进行规范书写训练; 6、让学生之间学会相互批改。,1、坚持主题式造句,主题式造句一直是市、区教研员一再要求我们平时训练写作的一种很好的方式，主题的内容可以是课本上的，也可以是和课本相关的内容，练习的形式可以是上课完成，也可以布置给学生作为课后作业，批
40、改的形式同样可以多样的，全体批，或小组批，或者学生之间互批，或者抽几个同学面批，等等，可以视所教班级的不同情况分别对待。例如：,成功（很常见的话题，以下是学生写的例句）,Nothing is more rewarding than achieving great success. As the saying goes, failure is the mother of success. In my point of view, peoples opinion about success varies from person to person. What my teacher tells me
41、 is that the secret to success is confidence and hard work. Obviously, everyone is longing to be successful, but it takes hard work to achieve success.,环保,Its suggested that we should spare no effort to protect the environment. There is no doubt that the quality of air is going from bad to worse now
42、. What makes things worse is that the energy in the world will be used up in the near future. It is evident that global warming has attracted more and more peoples attention. We should take some measures and we should have saved resources to reduce pollution earlier.,2、利用课文的相关知识写作,写作建议：审题，打草稿，相互批改，修
43、正，最后成稿。（注意关联词的使用） 写作内容（M9 Unit 1 Reading）:假如你是加拿大人，有外国朋友Frank向你了解加拿大的相关情况，请按下列要求写一封信： 1. 加拿大的地理位置、地形特征（2-3句） 2. 加拿大的主要城市，你最喜欢的城市和原因 （2-3句） 3. 加拿大的标志及历史（2-3句） 4. 加拿大的旅游景点 （1-2句） 5. 你对加拿大的看法 （1-2句）,Dear Frank, Im very glad to tell you something about my country Canada. Canada, the second largest count
44、ry in the world, is located north of the USA, with the Pacific to the west and the Atlantic to the east. Because it has countless rivers and seemingly endless forests, a great number of wild animals and fish can be found. Among the famous cities Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, I like Montreal best
45、. The main reason is that any visitor to Montreal will not be bored with its colourful nightlife as well as different festivals. By the way, the maple leaf is Canadas national symbol. As to its history, I should say its very interesting because many people came here for gold. Canada is also famous f
46、or its fantastic natural scenery, of which Niagara Falls is the most recognized. In a word, as is known to all, Canada is the best country in the world to live in. Best wishes. XXX,3、在班级中分享学生的亮点,每次完成一篇作文，我们的英语老师都习惯做以下的事情： 1、把学生作文中好的句子打在投影上，并在后面附上姓名；这样下次写的时候学生就会有意识地模仿。 2、摘抄学生作文中典型的错句或者不地道的表达，然后让学生改正或
47、者改进。 3、选出一两篇好的文章和不好的文章，分别让学生打分，然后和实际的分数比对，让学生明白如何可以得高分，什么样的表达是要扣分的，以便他们在接下来的写作中高度重视。,好句,As the computers are widely used, teachers, parents and students are attaching less importance to handwriting. (高三3 吴雨帆) The students, accounting for about 51.5%, hold the view that they can use a computer instea
48、d of practising handwriting.(7班 张敏) 20 % of the people consider the product placement seems natural, contrary to which one forth of the people find themselves fed up with too much of it.(12班 陈旭),错句,No medical materials can instead of it. There is no other Chinese medicine can replace it. Some people
49、 against that the practice of extracting bear bile should be banned. Faced difficulty, they didnt know how to deal with the problem. Change your eating habits is the best way to lose weight.,4、同一内容让学生用不同形式表达,大学生就业困难 It is difficult for the graduates to find jobs, with the number of graduates increasing. The graduates find it difficult to find jobs because more and more students graduate from university.,建议：无论学习什么专业，都要努力学