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1、Translation Skill 科技英语翻译技巧,Extensive Use of Passive Voice （被动语态） Translation Skill （被动语态翻译技巧）,当不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时； The English evening has been put off till Saturday. We havent been notified. Youre wanted on the phone.,在英语学习中，被动语态句子十分常见，主要有以下几种情况：,Translation Skill Passive Voice （翻译技巧 被动语态的译法）,Tran
2、slation Skill Passive Voice （翻译技巧 被动语态的译法）,出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。 You are requested to give a performance. It is generally considered not advisable to act that way.,在英语学习中，被动语态句子十分常见，主要有以下几种情况：,为了强调被动者，使其位置鲜明、突出时； Three machines can be controlled by a single operator. The program was designed by o
3、urselves.,在英语学习中，被动语态句子十分常见，主要有以下几种情况：,Translation Skill Passive Voice （翻译技巧 被动语态的译法）,为更好地联接上下文。 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.,在英语学习中，被动语态句子十分常见，主要有以下几种情况：,Translation Skill Passive Voice （翻译技巧 被动语态的译法）,“被”字式不幸语态 “让”、“给”、”叫”、“挨”、“受”、“遭”、“蒙” “是的” 表示静态的句子 “的是” “加以/
4、予以”组成倒置的宾语结构,汉语被动意义的表达方式用词汇的手段来表现被动意义,Translation Skill Passive Voice （翻译技巧 被动语态的译法）,Translation Skill Passive Voice,科技英语主要是叙述事理，往往不需要说出主动者，或对被动者比主动者更为关心。此外，科技工作者为了表示客观和谦虚的态度，往往避免使用第一人称，因而尽可能使用被动语态。因此，在翻译英语被动语态时，大量语句应译成主动句，少数句子仍可译成被动句。,译成汉语的被动句； 译成汉语的主动句； 译成汉语的其他句型。,译成汉语的被动句,英语的有些着重被动动作的被动句，要译成被动句，以
5、突出其被动意义。被动含义可用“被”、“由”、“给”、“加以”、“为所”、“使”、“把”、“让”、“叫”、“为”、“挨”、“遭”等表达。,Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man. 译：地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。 The circuit is broken by the insulating material. 译：电路被绝缘材料隔绝了。,Translation Skill Passive Voice,译成汉语的被动句,Besides voltage, resistance and
6、 capacitance, an alternating current is also influenced by inductance. 译：除了电压，电阻和电容之外，交流电还受到电感的影响。 When the electrons fly away from the hydrogen nuclei, they are attracted toward the oxygen atoms. 译：当氢原子飞离其核时，这些电子就被吸向氧原子。,译成汉语的主动句,当英语被动句中的主语为无生命的名词，又不出现由介词by引导的行为主体时，往往可译成汉语的主动句，原句的主语在译文中仍为主语。这种把被动语态
7、直接译成主动语态的句子，实际是省略了“被”字的被动句。,1.原主语仍译为主语,Other questions will be discussed briefly. 译：其它问题将简单地加以讨论。 Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another. 译：每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式转换成另一种形式。,1.原主语仍译为主语,Nuclear powers danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in
8、one word: radiation. 译：核能对健康、安全, 甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词辐射来概括。 炼油厂是巨大的工厂，原油在这些工厂里分离成各种成分。 译： Refineries are huge “factories” where crude oil is separated into “fractions”.,译成汉语的主动句,把原主语译成宾语，而把行为主体或相当于行为主体的介词宾语译成主语,2.主语译成宾语,A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor. 译：原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。 Plants and
9、 trees are provided by nature with four means of dispersing their seeds. 译：大自然赋予草木四种传播种子的方法。 Friction can be reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by lubrication. 译：润滑能减少摩擦，延长机器寿命。,2.主语译成宾语,Modern scientific discoveries lead to the conclusion that energy may be created from matter and that m
10、atter in turn, may be created from energy. 译：近代科学的发现得出这样的结论：物质可以产生能量，能量又可以产生物质。 下一章提供了相关的数据资料。 译：The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter.,译成汉语的主动句,增译逻辑主语：原句未包含动作的发出者，译成主动句时可以从逻辑出发，适当增加不确定的主语，如“人们”、“有人”、“大家”、“我们”等，并把原句的主语译成宾语。,3.增补泛指性的词语(人们，大家等)作主语,To explore the moons surface,
11、rockets were launched again and again. 译：为了探测月球的表面，人们一次又一次地发射火箭。 It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. 译：人们普遍认为孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品。,3.增补泛指性的词语(人们，大家等)作主语,由it做形式主语的被动句型。这种句型在科技英语中比比皆是，十分普遍，汉译时一般均按
12、主动结构译出。即将原文中的主语从句译在宾语的位置上，而把it做形式主语的主句译成一个独立语或分句。It做形式主语的句型有：,3.增补泛指性的词语(人们，大家等)作主语,It is well known that 大家知道(众所周知) It is asserted that 有人主张 It is believed that 有人认为 It is generally considered that 大家(一般人)认为 It will be said 有人会说 It was told that 有人曾经说,3.增补泛指性的词语(人们，大家等)作主语,It could be argued that t
13、he radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real. 译：可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。 有人强调说，科学的范畴可以分成两个主要领域：自然科学和社会科学。 译：It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social scienc
14、e.,译成汉语的其他句型,英语的许多被动句不需或无法讲出动作的发出者，往往可译成汉语的无主句，而把原句中的主语译成宾语。英语中有些固定的动词短语，如：make use of，pay attention to， take care of，put an end to等用于被动句时，常译成被动句。,1.译成汉语的无主句,Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit. 译：应该尽最大努力告知年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是吸上烟瘾后
15、的可怕后果。 Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion. 译：已经注意到采取防腐新措施。,译成汉语的其他句型,由it做形式主语的被动句型。这种句型在科技英语中比比皆是，十分普遍，汉译时也可按无主语结构译出。即将原文中的主语从句译在宾语的位置上，而把it做形式主语的主句译成一个动词结构。It做形式主语的其他句型有：,1.译成汉语的无主句,It is hoped that 希望 It is reported that 据报道 It is said that 据说 It is supposed that 据推测
16、It must be admitted that 必须承认 It must be pointed out that 必须指出 It will be seen from this that 由此可见,1.译成汉语的无主句,普遍认为，这些材料能承受强大应力和高温。 译： It is widely acknowledged that these materials can withstand strong stress and high temperature. 讨论了发展中国家不断增长的人口对事物和纤维制品的需求。 译：The demands for food and fiber for ever
17、 increasing population in developing countries are discussed.,译成汉语的其他句型,英语的许多被动句不需或无法讲出动作的发出者，往往可译成汉语的无主句，而把原句中的主语译成宾语。英语中有些固定的动词短语，如：make use of，pay attention to， take care of，put an end to等用于被动句时，常译成被动句。,凡着重描述事物的过程、性质和状态的英语被动句，实际上与系表结构很相近，往往可译成“是的”结构。,2.译成汉语的判断句,The voltage is not controlled in th
18、at way. 译：电压不是用那样的方法控制的。 All matter is made up of atoms. 译：一切物质都是由原子构成的。,2.译成汉语的判断句,电阻是由欧姆来度量的。 译： Resistance is measured in Ohms. The equations below are derived from those above. 译：下面的方程式是由上面的那些方程式推导出来的。,Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Soaps are made from vegetable and anima
19、l oils. 有些花儿产生的油可以用来制造香水。植物油和动物油还可以用来制作肥皂。 Even today, specific forecasts are only made for the period of 3 to 5 days in advance. 即使今天人们也只能对未来3-5天的天气作出具体的预报。,Practice,By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives. 大战结束时, 这个组织拯救了八百
20、人, 但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。 A film of oil is inserted between the sliding surfaces of a bearing. 轴承的滑动面之间上了一层油膜。,Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which
21、are both instructive and entertaining. 人们常说, 电视使人了解时事, 熟悉政治领域的最新发展变化, 并能源源不断 地为观众提供各种既有教育意义又有趣的节目。,Practice,可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。 It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real. 有人强调说，科学的范畴可以分成
22、两个主要领域：自然科学和社会科学。 It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science.,然后，再用输油管或油罐车把这些产品分送到基层销售点，如汽油和柴油加油站，在那里出售给最终用户。 Then these fractions must be distributed by pipeline or tanker to the final distributors, such as filling stations (for gasoline and diesel oil), which sell it to the ultimate users.,