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1、考研英语阅读理解,A,考研英语阅读理解,总论 传统阅读 选段填空 段落排序 标题匹配,考研英语阅读理解总论,阅读能力 阅读速度,Components of Reading Abilities,张Andy http:/,OUTLINE,What do you rely on to achieve comprehension? What stand in the way of comprehension? What are components of reading abilities?,Two Excerpts,冻合玉楼寒起粟，光摇银海眩生花。 He was terribly, tragical
2、ly sad. His family, friends and minister gathered around his bed. They were all deeply sad too. Only his therapist and his accountant remained happy. (P65),What do you depend on to achieve comprehension?,Difficulties,Fish fish fish. Forbidden fruit is sweet. The mirror told me a story. They can fish
3、 here. Apart from complementary distribution, a phoneme may sometimes have free variants. He turned on the light. He helped Carla to her feet and took hold of the ghost. (P71),我是胖人，不是粗人。,狂奔的蜗牛。,令堂可是令尊表姐？,咬死了猎人的狗。,除了互补分布之外，音位有时可能也有自由变体。,Components,Word Recognition Syntactic Parsing Semantic Construct
4、ion Text Model Situation Model Background Knowledge,Working Memory,Executive Control,1. Word Recognition,The most fundamental requirement for fluent reading comprehension is and word recognition.,Four to five words per second,Unconsciously and cannot be suppressed,Rapidity and automaticity apply as
5、well to the other 7 processes.,automatic,rapid,2. Syntactic Parsing,There are things you would love to hear that you would never hear from the person whom you would like to hear them from; but do not be so deaf as not to hear it from the one who says it from his heart.,How do you analyze the followi
6、ng sentence?,3. Semantic Construction,A third basic process that starts up automatically as we begin any reading task is the process of combining word meanings and structural information into basic clause-level meaning units.,They can fish here.,4. Text Model,The text model of comprehension is a set
7、 of main ideas that the reader develops . It amounts to an internal summary of main ideas.,5. Situation Model,Almost immediately the reader will begin to interpret the information from the text in terms of his or her own goals, feelings and background expectations. This explains the existence of dif
8、ferent interpretations of a single text.,An example：The Road Not Taken,5. Situation Model,Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as just a
9、s fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same,And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to wa
10、y, I doubted if I should ever come back. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.,6. Background Knowledge,As the reader transforms information from clause-level meani
11、ng units to the text model of comprehension and then to the elaborated situation model of reader interpretation, background knowledge takes on the most importance (in inferring) .,Refer to the previous examples,7. Working Memory,Working memory keeps information active for one or two seconds while it
12、 carries out the appropriate processes. If processing of active information is not done quickly enough, the information fades away and must be reactivated, taking more resources and making the reading process inefficient.,8. Executive Control,Text Model and Situation Model construction require the a
13、bilities to oversee, or monitor, comprehension, use strategies as needed, reassess and reestablish goals, and repair comprehension problems.,Increasing Reading Speed,张Andy http:/,OUTLINE,What is an adequate speed? How fast do you read? What affect reading speed? How to improve reading speed?,1. What
14、 is an adequate speed?,Scanning,Skimming,Rauding,Learning,Memorizing,For specific info.,For the gist,Representative,For knowledge,For facts / data,600 wpm,450 wpm,300 wpm,200 wpm,130 wpm,(Carver, 1990),Syllabus,0,8,2,4,6,Learning,Speed,NA,60,NA,70-120,1000/5,120-180,140-180,1300/5,NA,1600/5,Level,1.
15、 What is an adequate speed?,2. How fast do you read?,Sailing Round the World Before he sailed round the world single-handed, Francis Chichester had already surprised his friends several times. He had tried to fly round the world but failed. That was in 1931. The years passed. He gave up flying and b
16、egan sailing. He enjoyed it greatly. Chichester was already 58 years old when he won the first solo transatlantic sailing race. His old dream of going round the world came back, but this time he would sail. His friends and doctors did not think he could do it, as he had lung cancer. But Chichester w
17、as determined to carry out his plan. In August, 1963, at the age of nearly sixty-five, an age when many men retire, he began the greatest voyage of his life. Soon, he was away in this new 16-metre boat, Gipsy Moth.,TEST,3. What affect reading speed?,Reading Habits,Reading Teaching,Reading Skills,Rea
18、ding Materials,Reading Abilities,Reading Purposes,4. How to improve reading speed?,Reading Habits,Reading Teaching,Reading Skills,Reading Materials,Reading Abilities,Reading Purposes,Improve Habits,Reform Teaching,Develop Skills,Select Materials,Strengthen Abilities,Be Purposeful, Flexible,4. How to
19、 improve reading speed?,Self-paced reading Faster reading Repeated reading Reading Software,The increase of reading speed demands a conscious speed training (with a regular record).,Suggested Activities,考研英语传统阅读理解,命题形式 整体分析 考点分析 应试准备 问题类型 解题步骤,考研英语传统阅读理解命题形式,该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。共30小题，每小题2分，共
20、60分。 A节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。要求考生根据所提供的4篇（总长度约为1600词）（2012：429+157+441+164+440+167+435+166=1745+654=2399，2011：2316）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。,详见大纲解读,考研英语传统阅读理解整体分析,来源：The Economist、Time、Newsweek等 题材：生活、经济、文化、教育、科学等 体裁：议论文、说明文等 字数：平均425+160 题型：从局部的词义等到整体的主旨等,考研英语
21、传统阅读理解考点,词汇 词义关系：近义、反义、多义、上下义；惯用语 语法 主从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒装句 结构 常见句型、句际联系、段落关系、篇章结构,考研英语传统阅读理解应试准备,词汇 丰富词汇数量+质量（搭配、多义、构词） 语法 系统复习、查缺补漏 结构 积累常见句式、熟悉文章结构 阅读 提高阅读速度（学会应付生词）,考研英语传统阅读理解题型,具体信息、推理引申、主旨要义、 观点态度、语义理解、篇章结构 is mentioned to suggest that By citing , the author intends to show The author quotes the e
22、xample to show What does the author intend to illustrate with In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by George Washingtons dental surgery is mentioned to ,考研英语传统阅读理解题型,2011年真题问题 21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment has 22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who i
23、s 23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers 24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings? 25. Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels,考研英语传统阅读理解题型,2011年真题问题 26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be descri
24、bed as being 27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred by 28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means 29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that 30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?,考研英语传统阅读理解题型,2011年真题问题 31.Consumers
25、may create “earned” media when they are 32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature 33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media 34. Toyota Motors experience is cited as an example of 35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?,考研英语传统阅读理解题型,2011年真题问题 36.Jennifer Senior sug
26、gests in her article that raising a child can bring 37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that 38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks 39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is 40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?,解题步骤,通读全文、了解大意 依
27、次做题、逐段推理 时间允许、难题重读,考研英语阅读理解B节,命题形式 整体分析 考点分析 应试准备 解题步骤,考研英语阅读理解B节命题形式,B节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。本部分有3种备选题型。每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。 1）选段填空：本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500 600（2012：395+243=638）词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有67段文字。要求考生根据文章内容从这67段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。,详见大纲解读,考研英语阅读理解B节命题形式,2）段落排序：在一篇长度约500600（2010：626，
28、2011：575）词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（78个）重新排序，其中有23（2010：1，2011：2）个段落在文章中的位置已给出。 3）标题搭配：在一篇长度为500词的文章前或后有67段文字或67个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。要求考生根据文章内容，从这67个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。,详见大纲解读,考研英语阅读理解B节整体分析,考研英语阅读理解B节考点分析,衔接 指称、替代、连接词、词义关系 结构 段落大意、主题思想、篇章结构 语法 主从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒装句,考研英语阅读理解B节应试准备,结构 概括总结、分析结构、理清思路 词汇 注意词汇衔接手段（词义关系） 语法 系统复习、查缺补漏,考研英语阅读理解B节解题步骤,选段填空 （首段）选项正文核查 段落排序 逐段阅读首段/末段/已知段核查 标题匹配 （首段）选项正文核查,