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1、The history of film,-第三组,3,2,1,START,catalogue 1.Precursors of film 2.The birth of film 3.The development of film,Precursors of film,Precursors of film,1832: the Belgian physicist Joseph Prato invented“ the wheel“, opened in the cinema and film of the principle. 1834 : British Holzer, invented the “
2、 zootrope“ on stiff paper painting a series of image, adumbrative future film prototype. 1882: the French scientific home furnishing Le Ma Rui movie inspired by Chinese lamp, make can carry out continuous shooting“ photographic gun“. 1888: French physiologist Marlay created“ activities film serial c
3、amera“. 1894: Thomas Edison invented the worlds first motion picture camera. 1895: Lumiere created“ activity of film“.,The birth of film,By the end of 1895, the French Lumiere brothers premiered in Paris successfully.,Lumiere brothers,1895, 12, 28, the worlds first movie official release, the Lumier
4、e brothers in Paris “ cafe“ in the basement of the movie“ Lumiere factory gate“ train station“. So far, seventh of the world of art, light and shadow art cinema was born formally. Later, the day is named“ world movie day“.,The development of film,The silent era(1894-1929),In the silent era of film,
5、marrying the image with synchronous（同步的） sound was not possible for inventors and producers, since no practical method was designed until 1923. Thus, for the first thirty years of their history, movies were silent, although accompanied by live musicians and sometimes sound effects and even commentar
6、y(注释) spoken by the showman（表演者） or projectionist（放映员）.,Silent,Film,Silent film (or the silent(默片), is a kind of film that there is no any dub, background or sound coordinating with images.The silent technology was invented around 1860.But during the period of 1880 to 1900, when a single roll of fil
7、m making(单卷电影制作) has became easy, silent film is still fanacy.It is almost born with every movie that the ideal of combining the film images with the sound.,Chaplin is the 20th century most of the greatest critical realist film artist . The great contribution of the worlds most famous comedy film st
8、ar Charlie Chaplin, who wrote the history of Hollywood movies and even a glorious chapter in the history of world film 卓别林是20世纪最伟大的批判现实主义电影艺术家，世界上最著名的喜剧电影明星卓别林对电影艺术的伟大贡献，写下了好莱坞电影史，乃至世界电影史上光辉的一页,My name is Charlie Chaplin, nice seeing you.,David Griffith, the American movie master with his extraordin
9、ary talent, the film from the dramatic slave status out, so that the development of a door with music, art, literature, on an equal footing and independent art. He creatively arranging film photography composition and montage, and clever use of various shots and cross use, made movie history appeare
10、d to make us all as the acme of perfection of the first peak.,David Griffith,Film History From 1895 to 1927,1895 to 1906,The first eleven years of motion pictures show the cinema moving from a novelty to an established large-scale entertainment industry. The films themselves represent a movement fro
11、m films consisting of one shot, completely made by one person with a few assistants, towards films several minutes long consisting of several shots, which were made by large companies in something like industrial conditions.,Film,History,1906-1914,The film business By 1907 there were about 4,000 sma
12、ll “nickelodeon” cinemas in the United States. The films were shown with the accompaniment of music provided by a pianist, though there could be more musicians. There were also a very few larger cinemas in some of the biggest cities.,Film,History,1914 to 1919,The years of the First World War were a
13、complex transitional period for the film industry. It was the period when the exhibition of films changed from short programmes of one-reel films to longer shows consisting of a feature film of four reels or longer, though still supported by short films. The exhibition venues also changed from small
14、 nickelodeon cinemas to larger cinemas charging higher prices.,Film,History,Film,History,Hollywood triumphant,Until this point, the cinemas of France and Italy had been the most globally popular and powerful. But the United States was already gaining quickly when World War I (19141918) caused a deva
15、stating interruption in the European film industries. The American industry, or “Hollywood“, as it was becoming known after its new geographical center in California, gained the position it has held, more or less, ever since: film factory for the world, exporting its product to most countries on ear
16、th and controlling the market in many of them.,1927-1945, the film as an art mature,Film,History,1927 is in the movie history of epoch-making significance in the years. “The jazz singer“ video marked the birth of the sound film era, at the same time also witnessed the film to mature period mark. In
17、1935, Mamoulian produced a world the first a color feature “The flashy world.“ The invention of the color film, made movies art enter into a new stage of development.,Film,History,Sound and color make the movie closer to nature. Some movies author, in a film using alternating color and black and whi
18、te, and received a special artistic effect. The appearance of the color film, marked the movie from birth to a perfect mature stage of development. From now on, film art entered a new stage of development.,The sound era,On August 27, 1910, Thomas Alva Edison announced his newest invention: Sound Fil
19、m.Some of the selected audience was invited to the Edison laboratory to watch the motion-picture machine which was made up of the phonograph sound and film.,The first sound film,On October 6, 1927,when the New York audience watching the warner bros. The Jazz Singer ,they were suddenly hear the chara
20、cter speaking words: “wait a minute, wait a moment, you still hear nothing?“ This sentence, marked the coming of a new era. According to the data view, completely first sound film was New York light in 1929 In 1936, Chaplin has produced his last silent film “modern times“, marks the end of silent fi
21、lm.,The early works,Ma r. Murray Ann cheers (1929) uses the subjective lens of Dr. Jekyll (1932) all quiet on the western front (1930) front page (1931) the love parade (1929) smile lieutenant (1931) k. d more hallelujah (1930) Chaplin also took his first sound film city lights in 1931.,sound,movies
22、,The rise of the eight great studios,Warner four brothers set up 1924,1924 on the basis of the CBS,1928 after the birth, Selznick management,1924 by the Mitrovica Goldman and Meyer A merger,Carl Lemley 1912 to create,1914 Adolf Zhu Marco contributed to the building,Charlie Chaplin and Griffith 1919
23、to create,Founded in 1917,The 1950s,The House Un-American Activities Committee investigated Hollywood in the early 1950s. Protested by the Hollywood Ten before the committee, the hearings resulted in the blacklisting of many actors, writers and directors, including Chayefsky, Charlie Chaplin, and Da
24、lton Trumbo, and many of these fled to Europe, especially the United Kingdom. The Cold War era zeitgeist translated into a type of near-paranoia manifested in themes such as invading armies of evil aliens, (Invasion of the Body Snatchers, The War of the Worlds); and communist fifth columnists, (The
25、Manchurian Candidate).,The 1960s,During the 1960s the studio system in Hollywood declined, because many films were now being made on location in other countries, or using studio facilities abroad, such as Pinewood in the UK and Cinecitt in Rome. “Hollywood“ movies were still largely aimed at family
26、audiences, and it was often the more old-fashioned films that produced the studios biggest successes. Productions like Mary Poppins (1964), My Fair Lady (1964) and The Sound of Music (1965) were among the biggest money-makers of the decade. The growth in independent producers and production companie
27、s, and the increase in the power of individual actors also contributed to the decline of traditional Hollywood studio production.,In Britain, the “Free Cinema“ of Lindsay Anderson, Tony Richardson and others lead to a group of realistic and innovative dramas including Saturday Night and Sunday Morni
28、ng, A Kind of Loving and This Sporting Life. Other British films such as Repulsion, Darling, Alfie, Blowup and Georgy Girl (all in 1965-1966) helped to reduce prohibitions sex and nudity on screen, while the casual sex and violence of the James Bond films, beginning with Dr. No in 1962 would render
29、the series popular worldwide.,1970s: The New Hollywood or Post-classical cinema,Post-classical cinema is a term used to describe the changing methods of storytelling of the “New Hollywood“ producers. The new methods of drama and characterization played upon audience expectations acquired during the
30、classical/Golden Age period: story chronology may be scrambled, storylines may feature unsettling “twist endings“, main characters may behave in a morally ambiguous fashion, and the lines between the antagonist and protagonist may be blurred. The beginnings of post-classical storytelling may be seen
31、 in 1940s and 1950s film noir movies, in films such as Rebel Without a Cause (1955), and in Hitchcocks Psycho. 1971 marked the release of controversial films like Straw Dogs, A Clockwork Orange, The French Connection and Dirty Harry. This sparked heated controversy over the perceived escalation of v
32、iolence in cinema.,1980s: sequels, blockbusters and videotape,The Lucas-Spielberg combine would dominate “Hollywood“ cinema for much of the 1980s, and lead to much imitation. Two follow-ups to Star Wars, three to Jaws, and three Indiana Jones films helped to make sequels of successful films more of
33、an expectation than ever before. Lucas also launched THX Ltd, a division of Lucasfilm in 1982, while Spielberg enjoyed one of the decades greatest successes in E.T. the same year. 1982 also saw the release of Disneys Tron which was one of the first films from a major studio to use computer graphics
34、extensively.,1990s: New special effects, independent films, and DVDs,The early 1990s saw the development of a commercially successful independent cinema in the United States. Although cinema was increasingly dominated by special-effects films such as Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991),Jurassic Park (
35、1993) and Titanic (1997), independent films like Quentin Tarantinos Reservoir Dogs (1992) had significant commercial success both at the cinema and on home video,Animated films aimed at family audiences also regained their popularity, with Disneys Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992), and The
36、 Lion King (1994). During 1995 the first feature length computer-animated feature, Toy Story, was produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Disney.,The 2000s,The documentary film also rose as a commercial genre for perhaps the first time, with the success of films such as March of the Peng
37、uins and Fahrenheit 9/11. The success of Gladiator lead to a revival of interest in epic cinema, and Moulin Rouge! renewed interest in musical cinema. Home theatre systems became increasingly sophisticated, as did some of the special edition DVDs designed to be shown on them. The Lord of the Rings t
38、rilogy was released on DVD in both the theatrical version and in a special extended version intended only for home cinema audiences.,More films were also being released simultaneously to IMAX cinema, the first was in 2002s Disney animation Treasure Planet; and the first live action was in 2003s The
39、Matrix Revolutions and a re-release of The Matrix Reloaded. Later in the decade, The Dark Knight was the first major feature film to have been at least partially shot in IMAX technology.,There has been a revival in 3D film popularity the first being James Camerons Ghosts of the Abyss which was relea
40、sed as the first full-length 3-D IMAX. This camera system used the latest HD video cameras, not film, and was built for Cameron by Emmy nominated Director of Photography Vince Pace, to his specifications. The same camera system was used to film Spy Kids 3D: Game Over (2003), Aliens of the Deep IMAX
41、(2005), and The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D (2005). On August 28, 2009 The Final Destination was released in Real D 3D and D-BOX.,In recent years, the 3D movies appeared again which sparked the movies enthusiasm. We have reason to believe that the next movie can make our life more rich and colorful.,Thank you for your appreciation,