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1、Units 12 Building the future & People on the move,美文背诵 Martin Luther King Martin Luther King，black leader of the civil rights movement in America，made the famous speechI have a Dream.He_won_ the_ Nobel_Prize_for_Peace_in_1964.,Martin Luther King tried to end racial segregation in all areas of Americ
2、an life.He_was_a_black_protestant_minister_with_a_great_gift for_inspiring_people.From the late 1950s until his assassination by a white gunman in 1968，King led thousands of AfricanAmericans in nonviolent marches and demonstrations against segregation and other forms of racial discrimination.,Kings
3、goal was to bring about greater assimilation of black people into the dominant American culture.His ideals were largely developed from basic American values.He wanted greater equality of opportunity and “Freedom now” for black people.He_did_not_wish to_separate_his_people_from_American_society_but_r
4、ather_to_gain_for_them_a_larger_part_in_it.In one of his speeches，he dreamed of gaining equality and freedom for all people one day.,Largely_as_a_result_of_Kings_activities，two major civil rights laws_were_passed_during_the_1960s_that_removed_racial_segregation_from_public_facilities_in_the_South_an
5、d_also_removed_the_barriers_that_had_prevented_black_people_from_voting_in_that_region. Today Americans celebrate his memory and Civil Rights during Martin Luther King Day.,佳句翻译 他在1964年获得诺贝尔和平奖。 他是黑人新教牧师，有着与生俱来的强大的感召力。 他不希望黑人从美国社会中分离出来，而是更多地融入其中。 很大程度上因“金”的努力，美国两大民权法在20世纪60年代通过了，它们取消了南部公共设施中的种族隔离行为，
6、并消除了不让黑人在当地投票的障碍。,【名师点注】 win常表示“赢得荣誉、比赛、尊敬、胜利、资金等。with短语可作后置定语，表示“有”。not.but rather.不是而是。as a result of因为；pass a law通过一项法律；during the 1960s在20世纪60年代期间；remove.from.从消除；prevent.from doing.阻止做。,.重点词汇 1_vt.提出要求；需要 2_vi. & vt. & n转换；转变 3_adj.传统的；常规的 4_adj.虚假的；假装的；人造的；人工的 5_adj.可供选择的；二选一的 6_n补助；津贴 7_vt. &
7、 n交换；兑换；交流 8_vi.服从；顺从；听任 vt.递交；呈递,9_n嫌疑犯；犯罪嫌疑人 10_n营养_adj.营养的 11_v偿还_n偿还 12_adj.弱_v变弱_n弱点 13_v创造_n创造_adj.有创造性的_n创造力 14_n系统_adj.系统的 15_n季节_adj.季节的,16_v退休_n退休_n退休金 17_n生物_n生物学家_n生物化学 18_v偏爱_n偏爱；爱好_adj.优惠的 19_n企业_n企业家 20_n政府_adj.非政府的,1claim 2.switch 3.conventional 4.artificial5.alternative 6.allowance
8、7.exchange 8.submit9.suspect 10.nutrition；nutritional 11.repay；repayment 12.weak；weaken；weakness 13.create；creation；creative；creativity 14.system；systematic 15.season；seasonal 16.retire；retirement；pension 17.biology；biologist；biochemistry 18.prefer；preference；preferential 19.enterprise；entrepreneur
9、20.government；nongovernmental,.短语回顾 1put pressure_给施加压力 2on top_另外；此外 3_risk in danger处于危险状态 4_doubt毫无疑问 5be dependent_依靠；依赖；随而定 6_debt负债 7put._practice将付诸实施 8contribute_促成；引发,9_the move在旅途中；在迁徙中 10account_(在数量和比例上)占；占据；是的原因；对做出解释或说明 11take advantage_利用 12have something_在方面有共同点 13make use_利用 14_vain
10、徒劳；徒然 15take_开始从事；喜欢；沉溺于,1on 2.of 3.at 4.without 5.on 6.in 7.into 8.to 9.on 10.for 11.of 12.in common 13.of 14.in 15.to,.佳句回顾 1In fact，hunger is the number one global health risk，_. 实际上，饥饿是危及全球人类健康的头号杀手，带来的死亡人数比任何疾病都多。 2I think itll_a new culture. 我认为体验一种新的文化很快乐。,3In fact，according to the_in 2000，Fl
11、orida_the largest population of people aged 65 or older. 事实上，根据2000年人口普查情况来看，佛罗里达州大多数人的年龄在65岁或以上。 4Recently，there has been_. 最近，存在着人口移动的高峰。 5The one thing_，however，is that young people are speaking_，To the cities！ 然而，很清楚的一件事是年轻人会异口同声地说，“进城去”。,1killing more people than any disease 2be fun to experien
12、ce 3national population survey conducted；was home to 4a boom in population mobility 5that is clear；with one voice,1conscious adj.意识到；注意到的,【经典例句】 He was_conscious_that he must make a change in his way of life. 他意识到他必须改变自己的生活方式。 Walking in the street，he was_conscious_of being stared at by someone. 走在街
13、上，他意识到有人在盯着他。,【即时应用】 完成句子 (1)Absorbed in reading his cartoon book for children，the boy was not_(意识到)the mothers presence in the room. (2)David_(失去知觉)at 8 oclock and died a few hours later. 【答案】 (1)conscious of (2)lost consciousness,【经典例句】 I was unwilling to submit_(myself)_to his orders. 我不愿意服从他的命令。
14、 He submitted the report on the matter to the committee. 他向委员会提交了关于那个案件的报告。 I offer my resignation in_submission_to your request. 我按照你的要求提交了辞呈。,【即时应用】 完成句子 (3)Ill not_(屈服于)your bullying. (4)All application must_(递交)by Monday. 【答案】 (3)submit to (4)be submitted,3claim v(根据权利)要求；索取；索赔；认领；申请 n权利；声明,【经典例
15、句】 The Wenchuan Earthquake claimed more than nearly a hundred thousand lives. 汶川地震夺去近10万人生命。 They had_no_claims_on the land，which was believed to be rich in oil. 他们无权索要那块被认为蕴藏有丰富石油的土地。 His nephew laid_claim_to the property. 他侄子声称有财产继承权。,【即时应用】 完成句子 (5)The workers made_(要求)higher pay. (6)She claimed_
16、(见过)the picture of Mona Lisa. (7)You have_(没有权力对我提出要求) 【答案】 (5)a claim for (6)to have seen (7)no claim on me,4alternative adj.可供选择的；二选一的 n(二者当中)选一个；供选择的东西,【经典例句】 Do you have an alternative solution to the problem? 你有没有别的方法来解决这个问题？ I had no money，so I had_no_alternative_but_to stay at home. 因为我没有钱，所以
17、除了待在家里别无选择。,【即时应用】 完成句子 (8)You have_(选择)of speaking or of keeping quiet. (9)The way was blocked，so we had to go_(另一条路) 【答案】 (8)the alternative (9)by an alternative road,5switch vi. & vt. & n转换；转变 switch on打开 switch off关掉 switch over转换(电台或电视频道)； (方法、产品等)完全改变 switch with sb.与(同事)调班 switch to sth.转换到,【
18、经典例句】 I cant work next weekendwill you switch_with me? 下个周末我不能上班咱们调个班好不好？ He used to play tennis，but now hes switched_to golf. 他过去常打网球，但现在改打高尔夫了。,【即时应用】 根据汉语提示完成下面小片段 Lucy came home from work early yesterday.After changing clothes，she (10)_(关) the light and came downstairs.Then she (11)_(打开) the TV
19、and (12)_(换台) with boredom. 【答案】 (10)switched off (11)switched on (12)switched over,6consult vt.查阅；咨询；求教,【经典例句】 Have you consulted a doctor about your fever? 对于你发烧的问题你向医生咨询过了吗？ Why was I not consulted before you made the decision? 在作决定之前为什么不与我商量一下？ Before we accept your offer，we must consult_with th
20、e rest of the workers. 在接受你的帮助之前，我们必须与其他工人商讨一下。,【即时应用】 (13)I dont intend to sign any documents without_my lawyer. Adiscussing Badvising Ctalking Dconsulting 【答案】 D,7significance n意义；重要性,【经典例句】 He failed to understand its real significance. 他没有能理解它的真正含义。 Is there any significance_in what he said? 他的讲
21、话重要吗？,【即时应用】 完成句子 (14)_changes have taken place in China since the 1980s. 自从上世纪80年代以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。 (15)I find it of great significance that English_. 我觉得掌握英语很重要。 【答案】 (14)Significant/Great (15)(should) be mastered,8interest n利息；利益；兴趣 v使感兴趣,【经典例句】 Now hes grown up；he no longer shows_any_interest_in pl
22、aying hideandseek；hes lost_all_interest_in it. 现在他长大了，对捉迷藏不再感兴趣了；他对此完全失去了兴趣。 The judge dismissed the case in_the_interest_of justice. 为了维护正义，法官驳回了案子。,【即时应用】 完成句子 (16)We should work for_(国家利益) (17)In order to go on with his business，he had to borrow a loan_(以6分利息) 【答案】 (16)our national interests/the
23、interests of our country (17)at 6% interest,9exchange vt. & n变换；交流；兑换,【经典例句】 Id rather exchange seats with her. 我想和她交换一下座位。 We freely exchange opinions and ideas around here，regardless of rank relationship. 我们在这里可以自由地交换观点和想法，没必要考虑上下级关系。 He gave me 100 yuan in_exchange_for the old coin. 他给了我100元换一枚古币
24、。,【即时应用】 完成句子 (18)They freely _. 他们自由地交换着意见与信息。 (19)Mother went to the store to _ the tie _ a shirt for me the other day. 前些天妈妈到那家商店用一条领带帮我换了一件衬衣。 【答案】 (18)exchanged advice and information (19)exchange；for,10vote vt.& vi.选举；投票 n选择；投票,【经典例句】 Black people had no right to vote in the southern states at
25、 that time. 当时，南部各州的黑人还没有选举权。 The results of the vote were surprising80% of workers favoured strike action. 表决结果令人惊讶80%的工人赞成罢工行动。 If we cant agree，well have to vote on it. 意见如果不能统一的话，我们就得投票表决。,【即时应用】 完成句子 (20)Fifty_(投票赞成)it while fifteen_(投反对票) (21)I suggested_(投票表决这个建议)，but the Chairman was opposed
26、 to it. 【答案】 (20)vote for；vote against (21)putting the suggestion to the vote/voting on the suggestion,1put pressure on给施加压力 【经典例句】 They put_pressure_on me to pay for the damage. 他们给我施加压力让我赔偿损失。 Advertisements put_pressure_on_girls to be thin. 广告迫使女孩子们竞相瘦身。,pressure sb.into doing/to do sth. 对某人施加压力使
27、其做某事 bring pressure on/upon sb.to do sth. 对某人施加压力使其做某事 under pressure被迫；迫不得已；在压力下 under the pressure of在逼迫下；因迫不得已；在压力下 at high/low pressure紧张地/悠闲地,【即时应用】 完成句子 (22)The roof gave way_the snow. 屋顶被雪压塌了。 (23)Dont _children_what they dont want to do. 不要逼迫孩子做他们不喜欢的事。 【答案】 (22)under the pressure of (23)pre
28、ssure；into doing,2account for占；占据；是的原因；对作出解释或说明 【经典例句】 Imports from Japan accounted_for 30% of the total. 来自日本的进口货物占进口总量的30%。 His illness accounts_for his absence from school. 他因病缺课。,【即时应用】 完成句子 (24)Many people were homeless_the earthquake in Haiti. 由于海地地震许多人无家可归。 (25)The company_environmental prote
29、ction whenever it is possible. 只要有可能，这家公司总是尽量考虑到环境保护。,(26)His exam results were not good，but we must_his long illness. 他考试结果不好，但是我们得考虑他生病很久的因素。 【答案】 (24)on account of (25)takes account of (26)take into account,3on the move 忙碌的；积极的；迁移不定的；有进展的 【经典例句】 Teachers are on_the_move all day long. 老师们整天忙忙碌碌。 N
30、ow most graduates are on_the_move，hunting for jobs. 现在大部分毕业生在东奔西走找工作。,on the go忙个不停 on a business trip在出差旅行 on the phone打电话 on ones arrival当某人到达时 on holiday度假 on the team在运动队 on the committee是委员会成员,【即时应用】 (27)The herdsmen have to be on_move，looking after their cattle. Aa Ban Cthe D/ 【答案】 C,4take adv
31、antage of利用；欺骗；占便宜 【经典例句】 If you appear to be weak，people will take_advantage_of you. 如果你显得软弱，别人就会欺骗你。 She took_advantage_of the childrens absence to have a good rest. 她趁孩子们不在家，好好休息一下。,【即时应用】 完成句子 (28)She _ a good education. 她有受过良好教育的有利条件。 (29)Dont believe them.They are _！ 不要相信他们的话，他们在利用你！ 【答案】 (28)
32、had the advantage of (29)taking advantage of you,5take to喜欢；开始；沉溺于；染上习惯(to为介词) 【经典例句】 She took_to Paul as soon as she met him. 她一见到保罗就喜欢上了他。 Jennys taken_to getting up at 6 and going jogging. 珍妮开始习惯在6点起床，然后去慢跑。,常见的含有介词“to”的动词短语还有： lead to通向；导致 refer to提到；参考；涉及 stick to坚持 object to反对 get down to开始认真干
33、某事 pay attention to注意,contribute to捐献；捐助；贡献；有助于；投稿 look forward to盼望 adjust to适应于 submit to服从；顺从 be accustomed to习惯于 be devoted to专心于；致力于；忠诚于,【即时应用】 完成句子 (30)I_her at once the moment I saw her. 我一看到她就立刻喜欢上了她。 (31)He _recently. 他最近染上了喝酒的习惯。 【答案】 (30)took to (31)has taken to drinking,1What developing
34、countries really need to do is to stop poverty by fighting the causes of it. 发展中国家真正需要做的是通过与引起贫困的原因作斗争而停止贫困。 【句式分析】 What引导主语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。 what引导的名词性从句小结,(1)引导主语从句 What really matters is that she has failed the exam. 真正麻烦的是她没考及格。(what作主语) (2)引导宾语从句 People were perhaps more honest a long time ago whe
35、n life was very different from what it is today. 很久以前当生活与现在的生活完全不同时，人们或许更诚实。(what作从句中is的表语),(3)引导表语从句 That is what I want to do most. 那就是我最想做的事。(what作从句中的宾语) (4)引导同位语从句 They have no idea at all what he is working on. 他们一点儿都不知道他正在做什么。(what作从句的宾语),【温馨提示】 what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“什么
36、，所的，的样子”等；二是它在相应的名词性从句中常作主语、宾语或表语。,【对接高考】 (32)(2010天津高考)As a new graduate，he doesnt know _it takes to start a business here. Ahow Bwhat Cwhen Dwhich 【解析】 句意：作为一个新毕业生，他不知道在此地创业需要什么。 【答案】 B,(33)(2010江苏高考)It is uncertain_side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients hav
37、e taken it. Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether 【解析】 what引导主语从句，本身在从句中作定语。 【答案】 B,【即时应用】 句型转换 (34)What we need most are time and money. _we need most are time and money. (35)She is no longer the girl that she used to be. She is no longer_she used to be. 【答案】 (34)The things which/that (35)what,2There is a sayi
38、ng that goesGive_a_man_a_fish，and you feed him for a day.Teach_a_man_to_fish，and you feed him for a lifetime. 有句俗语是这样说的：授人以鱼，三餐之需；授人以渔，终生之用。 【句式分析】 “祈使句and陈述句”是一个固定句型，其中的祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 (1)“名词短语and陈述句”结构中，名词短语也相当于一个if引导的条件句。,(2)“祈使句or(else)陈述句”结构中，祈使句相当于否定条件句。 Keep on trying and you will succeed.
39、 (If you keep on trying，you will succeed.) 继续努力，你就会成功。 A few minutes earlier and you would have seen him. (If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would have seen him.) 如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到他。,Work harder or you will fail to pass the exam again. (If you dont work harder，you will fail to pass the exam aga
40、in.) 再用功一点，要不然你会再次考试不及格的。,【对接高考】 (36)(2008湖南高考)_the website of the Fire Department in your city，and you will learn a lot about firefighting. AHaving searched BTo search CSearching DSearch 【答案】 D,(37)Help others whenever you can_you will make the world a nicer place to live in. Aand Bor Cunless Dbut
41、【解析】 句意：无论什么时候你都要尽力帮助别人，那么你就会使世界变得更加和谐美好。此题考查句型“祈使句and主句”。 【答案】 A,【即时应用】 句型转换 (38)Work hard and you will be admitted to a key university. _you work hard，a key university will_you. (39)Unless you hurry up，you will miss the train. _you will miss the train. 【答案】 (38)If；admit (39)Hurry up or,.单词拼写 1He g
42、ave his seat to a p_ woman，who was going to give birth to a baby. 2At present the g_ financial crisis is striking all the countries，whether big or small. 3We take a_ of the river to irrigate the wheat. 4Your pay is d_ on how much you produce. 5Caught in the act，he had no a_ but to admit the theft.,6
43、All countries are being asked to cut down on their use of_(不可再生的)resources. 7I hope you enjoy a long and happy_(退休) 8His father gives him a monthly_(津贴)of 200 at school. 9The company made an_(调整)in my salary，which is reasonable. 10The_(碰撞)between the ships was caused by the heavy fog.,【答案】 1.pregnan
44、t 2.global 3.advantage 4.dependent 5.alternative 6.nonrenewable 7.retirement 8.allowance 9adjustment 10.collision,.选词填空 on top of；at risk；in debt；show off；push for；account for；take advantage of；submit to；in vain；take to 1From the tower_the hill we can see the whole city. 2The accountant will have to
45、_where every cent goes. 3Girls usually_beautiful clothes. 4They refused_the unjust decision，which annoyed me greatly. 5We_the good weather to go for a picnic. 6He tried_to persuade her out of smoking.,7The flu is spreading，and the old and children are_. 8She likes to_her nice figure by wearing tight dresses. 9Every country take measures_the way of lowcarbon life against financial crisis. 10Most young people are heavily_in order to buy a house in the city. 【答案】 1.on top of 2.account for 3.tak