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1、American History,Lecturer: Qin Jie,Aims,Get to know the general history of US Get to know the specific and significant events of US history Get to know the important historical figures,Information about American Civil War Review The Gettysburg Address,Five score years ago,a great American, in whose
2、symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Procla-mation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of bad captivity. But one hundred
3、 years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperit
4、y. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So weve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. (I have a dream Martin Luther King),First World War,A major war centered on Europe that began in the sum
5、mer of 1914. This conflict involved all of the worlds great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centered around the Triple Entente-France, Britain, Russia) and the Central Powers-Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary.,The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Au
6、stria, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, was the proximate trigger of the war. Long-term causes, such as imperialistic foreign policies of the great powers of Europe, such as the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire, the British Empire, France,
7、and Italy, played a major role.,World War I,At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the United States remained neutral. Most Americans sympathized with the British and French, although many opposed intervention. In 1917, the United States joined the Allies, turning the tide against the Central Power
8、s.,World War I,After the war, the Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles, which established the League of Nations. The country pursued a policy of unilateralism, verging on isolationism.,Great Depression,The prosperity of the Roaring Twenties ended with the Wall Street Crash of 1929 that tri
9、ggered the Great Depression. After his election as president in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt responded with the New Deal, a range of policies increasing government intervention in the economy.,The 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, le
10、ading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war. FDRs combination of optimism and activism contributed to reviving the national spirit. Working closely with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Germany and Japan in World War II, he died j
11、ust as victory was in sight.,1882-1945,World War II,A global military conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, which involved most of the worlds nations, including all of the great powers: eventually forming two opposing military alliances, the Allies and the Axis. The most widespread war in history, wit
12、h more than 100 million military personnel mobilized.,The United States, effectively neutral during World War IIs early stages after Nazi Germanys invasion of Poland in September 1939, began supplying materiel to the Allies in March 1941. On December 7, 1941, the United States joined the Allies agai
13、nst the Axis powers after a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan.,World War II,As victory was won in Europe, a 1945 international conference held in San Francisco produced the United Nations Charter, which became active after the war. The United States, used atomic bombs on the Japanese cities o
14、f Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August. Japan surrendered on September 2, ending the war.,Cold War,The United States and Soviet Union jockeyed for power after World War II during the Cold War, dominating the military affairs of Europe through NATO and the Warsaw Pact. The United States promoted liberal
15、democracy and capitalism, while the Soviet Union promoted communism and a centrally planned economy.,Cold War,American troops fought Communist forces in the Korean War of 195053. Senator Joseph McCarthy became the figurehead of anticommunist sentiment.,The Berlin War,The 1961 Soviet launch of the fi
16、rst manned spaceflight prompted President John F. Kennedys call for the United States to be first to land “a man on the moon,“ achieved in 1969.,Protest politics,A growing civil rights movement, led by African Americans such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., fought segregation and discrimin
17、ation. Following Kennedys assassination in 1963, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed under President Lyndon B. Johnson. Johnson and his successor, Richard Nixon, expanded a war in Southeast Asia into the unsuccessful Vietnam War. A widespread countercultural moveme
18、nt grew, fueled by opposition to the war, black nationalism, and the sexual revolution.,Martin Luther King, Jr. “I Have a Dream“ delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C.,Cold War and protest politics,As a result of the Watergate scandal, in 1974 Nixon became the first U.S.
19、president to resign, he was succeeded by Vice President Gerald Ford. The Jimmy Carter administration of the late 1970s was marked by stagflation. The election of Ronald Reagan as president in 1980 heralded a significant rightward shift in American politics. His second term in office brought signific
20、ant diplomatic progress with the Soviet Union. The subsequent Soviet collapse ended the Cold War.,Contemporary era,The leadership role taken by the United States and its allies in the UNsanctioned Gulf War, under President George H. W. Bush, and the Yugoslav wars, under President Bill Clinton, helpe
21、d to preserve its position as a superpower. A civil lawsuit and sexual scandal led to Clintons impeachment in 1998, but he remained in office. The 2000 presidential election, one of the closest in U.S. history, George W. Bush, son of George H. W. Bush, became president.,Contemporary era,On September
22、 11, 2001, al-Qaeda terrorists struck the World Trade Center in New York City and The Pentagon near Washington, D.C., killing nearly three thousand people. In late 2001, U.S. forces led an invasion of Afghanistan, removing the Taliban government and al-Qaeda training camps.,Contemporary era,In 2002,
23、 the Bush administration pressed for regime change in Iraq. Lacking the support of NATO or an explicit UN mandate for military intervention, Bush organized a Coalition of the Willing and preemptively invaded Iraq in 2003. On November 4, 2008, amid a major economic crisis, the country elected Barack Obama as president. When he was inaugurated on January 20, 2009, he had become the first African American to hold the office.,Assignment,Select one inaugural address given by American presidents and try to recite it. Review Martin Luther Kings famous speech “I have a dream”.,