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1、四级翻译抢分班 北京新东方学校 石雷鹏,石雷鹏： http:/ TOEFL、IELTS、 考研、 四六级写作,四级翻译命题形式,时间5分钟，5道题全部为汉译英，占5%，共36分。 在答题卡2上作答。 句长为15至30个词，其中有部分英语词汇给出,需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词，考生只需按照英文句子意思把汉语部分翻译成英文。,四级翻译考点,1. 固定搭配（词汇） 2. 核心语法,1. 固定搭配(大纲样题),例1：By contrast, American mothers were more likely _ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.,四级英语翻译评分细则,1整体内容
2、和语言均正确，满分。 2结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得一半分值。 3整体意思正确但语言有错误，得一半分值。 4整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。 5大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,该题目有两个固定搭配考点： 1)be likely to do sth ; 2) oweto /attributeto 答案：to attribute/ owe their childrens success to,2. 核心语法,被动、从句知识（名从、状从、定从）、倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、强调结构、非谓语动词,2. 核心语法考点：例1,2010-6 90It is suggested
3、 that the air conditioner _(要安装在窗户旁).,【考点剖析】,本题是典型的语法题目。重点考查考生对虚拟语气和被动的掌握。 (should) be fixed/installed by the window,例2：(大纲样题),2. Not only _ (他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair job either. did he charge me too much did he overcharge me,四级翻译原则：切忌逐字翻译,2007-6 5. Please come here at ten tomorrow mo
4、rning _ (如果你方便的话).,本题主要考查if 引导的条件状语从句或固定搭配， “你方便的话” If it is convenient for you at your convenience,关注三方面：人称、单复数、动词（时态、语态、语气）,成功破解四级汉译英,解题流程： 第一步：浏览句子、判定考点 第二步：判定动词、切块组合,切块组合,以动词为切入点；先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。,语法考点：1.被动,2006-06 91.Though a skilled worker, _(他被公司解雇了) last week because
5、of the economic crisis.,第一步：由Though a skilled worker, last week because of the economic crisis.可以推出，划线处应该补全完整主句，时态由last week确定为一般过去时态。,第二步：1.切块翻译： “解雇”= be fired(注意被动)； “他”=he； “公司”=company,2.重新组合： 正确答案：he was fired by the company fire dismiss,2008-06 87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of t
6、he research _ (能应用于新技术的开发).,考点：固定搭配和被动语态 “apply to” can be applied to the development of the new technology,2008-12 91.the anti-virus agent was not known _(直到一名医生偶然发现了它),答案： until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor until a doctor found it by chance,2010-6 90It is suggested that the air
7、 conditioner _(要安装在窗户旁). (should) be fixed/installed by the window,2010-12 88. The magnificent museum _(据说建成于) about a hundred years ago. 【结构分析】 主语为the significant museum， 谓语 （据说建成于） about a hundred years ago为时间状语。,【考点】 被动语态: 主语museum与动词build之间为被动关系; 且bulid这一动作发生在过去。 据说 be said to；be said to+ 动词不定式的
8、完成时，表示不定式表示的动作已经完成。 【答案】：is said to have been built,语法考点：2.定语从句,定从翻译步骤： a.写出正确简单句，并确定中心话题(名词) b.中心话题后加入定从，关系词： who/ whose / which / where / when；若关系词在从句中做宾语，可省略。,Eg: 他是个从来不听磁带的人。 两步： a. He is a _. b. He is a man who never listens to any tapes.,2007-06 88. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is _ (我
9、们可以合作的领域).,第一步：浏览句子，判定考点：定语从句 第二步：1. 补充完成主句，注意单复数 . the field, 2. 完成定语从句写作：判定动词, 切块翻译,答案： the field where we can cooperate 或者：the field in which we can cooperate,请暂停完成以下练习：,87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems (他们至今还没有答案) 90. _ (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prospe
10、rous and exciting. 91. They requested that _(我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday.,2008-12： 87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems (他们至今还没有答案) that they havent found answers to to which they still have no answers,2008-6： 90. _ (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and excit
11、ing. Compared with the place where I grew up,2010-12,91. They requested that _(我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday. books I borrowed should be returned to the library,I should return books I borrowed to the library,定从考点强化练习：,1. What he objects to is the bureaucracy, _.(这种情况正在不断滋长) 2. We felt very disappointed
12、 after the show,_.(因为很多应该参加演出的名演员没有来),1. What he objects to is the bureaucracy, _. (这种情况正在不断滋长) which is on the increase. Which is increasing,2. We felt very disappointed after the show,_.(因为很多应该参加演出的名演员没有来) as many famous stars who should have appeared did not come.,语法考点：3.名词性从句,a.宾语从句 b.主语从句 c. 表语
13、从句 d. 同位语从句,a.宾从,从句在主句中充当动词、介词或形容词的宾语：由that/what/who/whether/where/which 等引导 2007-12 91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life_（是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的），not how much they can earn.,衡量：measure 答案：is measured by how much can they borrow. is measured by how much they can borrow.,2. Color and
14、sex are not relevant to _(一个人是否适合这个职位) 答案2. whether a person is suitable for the job,请暂停完成练习： 82.How long does a jacket like this last me? (这要看你多长时间穿一次) 2. Color and sex are not relevant to _(一个人是否适合这个职位),2. Color and sex are not relevant to _(一个人是否适合这个职位) 答案：2. whether a person is suitable for the
15、job,2009年12月：cet-6 82.How long does a jacket like this last me? (这要看你多长时间穿一次) 答案： It depends on how often you wear it,b.主语从句,2008-12： 88. (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.,所字结构= what从句（what在从句中作宾语） What most parents are concerned about,2009-06 90. (很多人所没有意识到的)
16、is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular.,90. What many people dont realize,使字结构= what 从句（what在从句中做主语） 写作常用句式： I think that = what convinces me is that,2010-12 90. _(给游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people. What impressed tourists the most,强化练习： _(John是否来)
17、 doesnt matter much. We can rely on ourselves. Whether John will come or not,2. _ (他喜欢做的事情)is ignored by society as of no value or importance. Key: What he enjoys doing,c.表语从句,【CET-4：2007.12】 In my sixties, one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容易累了). I am easier to get tired than before. 答案：I am more
18、likely to get tired than before.,语法考点：4.状语从句,状语从句：让步、时间、条件、目的、原因、地点、结果、方式和比较,小重点：让步状语从句,a. no matter + what/ who/ when/ where/how what/ who/ when/ where/ how + ever,No matter where you are, you will see English in China. Some are chinglish expressions.,区分：No matter what VS whatever No matter what: 只
19、能充当状语 Whatever: 引导名词性从句或状语从句,区分要点：原句缺少主、宾、表、同位语时使用只能使用whatever/whichever/whenever/whoever 简单办法：有逗号= no matter what 无逗号= whatever,2007-12 89. I am going to pursue this course,_（无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）. 参考答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make,暂停完成练习：2008-6 89. Leaving ones job, _ (不管是什么工作), is a di
20、fficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. 1 (不管发生什么事情)，he would not mind. 2 (无论谁在这抽烟)will be punished.,89. Leaving ones job, _ (不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. 【解析】 第一步：待译内容是让步状语(从句)。“不管是什么”可以译作no matter what或whatever。,第二步：切块（翻译）组合： no
21、 matter what job it is no matter what the job is whatever job it is,强化练习,1 (不管发生什么事情)，he would not mind. 答案：No matter what happened（状语从句），可以用whatever happened替换,2 (无论谁在这抽烟)will be punished. (主语从句) 答案：Whoever smokes here （不能用no matter who）,3 （不管他喜欢哪一个will be given to him. 考点：主语从句 答案： Whichever he lik
22、es (不能用no matter which),b. although, though, as, while _(虽然我们已经取得很大进步), we still have a long way to go. 答案：Though we have made great progress,练习(2007-06) 85. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning _(而动物的举动首要寄托本能). 答案：while animal behavior depends mainly on/upon their instinct depend on is de
23、pendent on,c. even if , even though 5. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert even if _(那意味着要排整夜的长队). 答案：it means standing in a queue all night,时间状语从句：2006-12 90. Some psychologists claim that people_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独) 答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home,练习：2009-12：89. Scientists ag
24、rees that it will be a long time _ (我们找到治愈癌症的方法). 答案：before we find the methods of curing cancers before we find the cure for cancer,目的状语从句,89.Youd better take a sweater with you_(以防天气变冷) in case it turns cold,in case作短语连词，能引导状语从句 其一：in case just in case引导目的状语从句作“以免，以备，以防”等解 例如：Please remind me of i
25、t again tomorrow _(免得我忘记). 答案： in case I forget.,其二：in case接条件从句，意为“如果、万一” 如：_,（万一我回来前他先到了）please ask him to wait 答案：In case he arrives before I get back,注意: in case引出的条件从句所表示的意义是“预防某种情况的出现“;如果从句说的是一般的假设或条件,则要用if 。请比较: Ill tell him about the matter if I meet him. (不用in case) Take an umbrella in case
26、 it rains. (不用if ),扩展： 2. in case of是短语介词，后接名词、动名词、代词等。 置于句末常看作目的状语，作“以免，以防”；,89.Youd better take a sweater with you_(以防天气变冷) 答案：in case of cold weather/ temperature drop,置于句首常视为条件状语，作“如果，万一”解 如：_（如果发生火灾）,dial 119 at once. 答案： In case of fire,条件状语从句：,2008-6： 5. Please come here at ten tomorrow morni
27、ng _ (如果你方便的话).,本题主要考查if 引导的条件状语从句， “你方便的话” it is convenient for you at your convenience,练习： 1He will surely succeed _.(只要他不停的努力) 考点：本题考查 as long as(只要)引导的条件状语从句。 答案：as long as he keeps on trying.,4. I dont mind your delaying making the decision _(只要不是太晚) 答案：as long as it is not too late,原因状语从句：2007
28、-12 90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because_（它更加方便和省时）. it is more convenient and time-saving,语法考点：5.倒装,在英语中,主语和谓语有两种顺序: 一是主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序( Natural Order ). 反之,如果谓语在主语前面,就是倒装语序 ( Inverted Order ).,倒装原因：语法结构的需要；强调。,倒装语序,全部倒装,部分倒装,Full Inversion,Partial Inversion,
29、a.全部倒装：整个谓语都放在主语的前面. 在以here , there ，out , in , up, down, away, off等方位副词(短语)或以now, then时间副词开头的句子 里，以示强调。如： Here are some picture-books. In the front of the classroom stands a young teacher.,但当代词作主语时不用倒装。如： There he comes.,部分(半)倒装:(一般疑问句语序),a. 表否定的副词或短语位于句首，主句半倒装 I will never agree. Never will I agre
30、e. Hardly can I agree.,not until, never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, neither, little, in no case(决不), 此外：on no account, by no means, rarely, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), neither (nor), no sooner(than), hardly(when), barely(仅仅，几乎不), in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowh
31、ere, not onlybut also。,(大纲样题) Not only _ (他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair job either. 正常语序：he charged me too much 答案：did he charge me too much did he overcharge me,2008-06,91. _ (直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. 解析：1. 待译内容是时间状语，由于动作发生在主句谓语之前，应该用过去完成时。,2. “完成使命”可译作accomplish/
32、completed/finish/fulfill ones mission “直到(才)”译作not until 答案：Not until he had finished/fulfilled his mission,2010-06 88.The manager never laughed; neither _(她也从来没有发过脾气) did she lose her temper. did she become angry.,请暂停完成以下练习：,87. The university authorities did not approve the regulation, _ (也没有解释为什么
33、). The witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不应该对法庭说谎) 85. Never once (老两口互相争吵) since they were married 40 years ago.,2011年6月 87. The university authorities did not approve the regulation, _ (也没有解释为什么). 答案：(and) neither did they explain the reason (and) neither did they give the reason fo
34、r doing so,【CET-6：2007.12】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不应该对法庭说谎) 参考答案：should he lie to the court.,2008-06 CET-6 85. Never once (老两口互相争吵) since they were married 40 years ago. 答案：have the old couple quarreled with each other,补充：用于so, nor, neither 开头的句子中，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物。 If
35、 Tom goes to the party, so will Mary.,a.当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时半倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。 When my beloved is by my side, I can feel the true happiness. Only when my beloved is by my side, can I feel the true happiness.,但only修饰主语时不倒装： Only Dr Yang can save his life.,其他：Only in this way, only then, only
36、once, only in AmericaChina, only after 【CET-6：2007.6】 Only in the small town_. (他才感到安全和放松) 参考答案：does she feel secure and relaxed,3. 在 as / though 引导的让步状语从句中，句子倒装：表语或状语或动词原形+as / though+主语+其他 注意：1) 句首名词不带冠词。 2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。,a.表语前置：Although ZYK is a girl, she is cal
37、led Brother Zeng. Girl as ZYK is, she is called brother Zeng.,b.状语前置： Althouhg I like the color TV set very much, I cant afford it. Very much as / though I like the color TV set, I cant afford it.,2009-12 六级 91.Much_（我感到遗憾），I was unable to finish the work on time. 原句：Although I felt much regretful,
38、半倒装：Much regretful as I felt,3. 谓语前置： Try hard as he will, he always seems speak Shandong English.,语法考点6：虚拟语气,a. (should)+动词原形的情形 b. if或but for等引导的条件句 c. wish, if only的用法,a1. (should)+动词原形的情形:表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”宾语从句： 动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide,
39、promise, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等。,I insisted that English learners should memorize words everywhere.,注：一词多义现象： 如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。 When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.,练习： 3.The professor required tha
40、t _ (我们交研究报告)by Wednesday. 91. They requested that_(我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday.,3.The professor required that _ (我们交研究报告)by Wednesday. 第一步：由The professor required that_ ,可以推出，划线处应该填写句子，并且是虚拟语气。,第二步：1.切块对应翻译： “交”= hand in； “研究报告”=research reports（名词注意单复数）； “我们”we,2.重新组合： 正确答案：we (should) hand in （subm
41、it） our research reports,91. They requested that_(我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday. books I borrowed should be returned to the library I should return books I borrowed to the library,练习： The special committee recommended that _ (这项工程不应动工) until all the preparations have been made. 考点： 虚拟语气，动词recommend后的宾语从
42、句中使用should 加动词原形， should 可省. 答案：the project not be started,a.2.表示“建议、命令、要求、想法” 的主语从句或表语从句中-上面动词对应的名词advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan, 建议：It is my idea/suggestion that .,练习： 8) His proposal was that _(他们成立一个
43、专门委员会来检查这个问题). 9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消四级考试).,8) His proposal was that _(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题). 答案：they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem,9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消四级考试). 答案：the CET-4 (should) be canceled,a.3在形容词import
44、ant, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等可以构成“It is +形容词（名词）+that”句型中。 It is incredible that the boy should believe my words.,六级大纲样题： 72. It was essential that _ (我们月底前签订合同)。 答案：we should sign the co
45、ntract before the end of the month.,特例：it is time that + 一般过去式,谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了” Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown. 答案：something was done/some measures were taken,b. if或but for等引导的条件句 区别：if 引导从句 but for= without: 加名词、代词、动名词,b1: if引导的虚拟语气,a.与现在的事实相反：If - + were/did-
46、, - + would/ might do- 如果我爸是李刚，我相撞谁撞谁。 If my father were Li Gang, I would collide with anyone I like. 半倒装形式：Were I/Did ,2.与过去的事实相反：If - + had done-, - +would/ might have done- 如果我生于比尔盖茨家族，我将会买好几辆公交车。 If I had been born in Bill Gates, I would have bought several buses as my private cars. 半倒装：Had I ,3.与将来的事实可能相反：