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1、时 态 解 析 (现在时态),一 般 现 在 时,一.构成:一般用动词的原形表示,主语为第三人称时,动词要发生相应的变化. 二.用法 1.描述经常性或习惯性动作或表示存在的状态.句中常带有表频率的时间状语:always, everyday, often, once a week, sometimes, seldom, usually, never等. 例如,He likes music very much. Nanjing is a beautiful city. She seldom goes to cinema.,陈述客观事实或普遍真理,The sun rises in the east.
2、 The earth goes around the sun. Americans speak English.,按规定计划安排好要发生的动作,常用arrive, go, come, return, leave, start, begin, stop, end, close, sail, be,等动词 例如:,The train to Beijing leaves at 10:00 a.m. The plane from China leaves at 6.p.m. She comes back tonight. I leave for Yunnan next Monday.,一般性的说明文字
3、,常用于现场解说,新闻标题等,着重描述,报道事实.,Chairman Hu Jingtao gets a warm welcome in Hongkong. The book says that women can live longer than men.,一般现在时常用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来.常用的连词有when, before, if, as soon as, till, until, unless等.,Ill tell him the news when he comes back. If it rains tomorrow, well stay at home. Lets
4、wait until he comes.,现 在 进 行 时,一.构成: am, is, are +doing 二.用法: 1.说话时动作正在进行 We are having English lesson now. The students are listening carefully.,当前阶段正在发生的动作或事情(说话时动作不一定正在进行) Mr Hu is teaching us physics. She is reading a novel these days. More and more people are giving up smoking.,与频度副词连用,表示一种抱怨，批
5、评或赞许，喜欢的语气.常与Always, forever, all the time等连用 She is always speaking ill of others. (抱怨,厌恶) John is always thinking of others.(赞许),表示即将发生的动作,或最近安排或计划要进行的动作,局限与少数表示瞬间动作的动词,如:go, come, leave, stay, arrive, dine, return, fly, start, begin, die, lose, do等.例如:,Im dinning out with my friends this evening.
6、 The old man is dying. My uncle is coming back abroad. She is leaving tomorrow.,注意:表感官动作,心理状态,情感或存在状态的动词不能使用现在进行时. 感官类:see, hear, smell, feel, look, seem等 情感类:hate, love, like, want, wish等 存在状态类:exist, be, remain, stay等 占有与从属类:have, belong to, possess, consist等,现 在 完 成 时,一.构成:have/ has +done 二.用法: 1
7、.过去的动作对现在的影响,常与already, yet等连用. 例如:,Nearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammar-based English teaching. I have lost my pen.(影响:现在无笔可用) I have had my lunch.(影响:我现在不饿),表示从过去某一个时间开始一直持续到现在及动作的反复发生,常与once, so far, up to now, in the past few years, since, recently, for等一段时间连用.例如: Up to
8、now, I have collected all the data that I need.,She has lived here since 1990. He has studied English for 10 years.,现在完成时常用于下列句型: It is / has been +some time+ since It is the + + that That / This / It is the only,It has been 5 years since that terrible accident happened to her. It is the third time
9、that you have been late for morning assembly. This is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life.,现在完成时里， 短暂性动词不与一段时间连用. They _ here for more than a month. A. have arrived B. have reached C. have come D. have been,D,区别:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1.现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果.而一般过去时 只限于表示过去动作本身,与结果无关
10、.例如:,He has bought a house. He bought a house. He has been ill for a week. He was ill for a week.,2.现在完成时不可与表示特定过去时间的副词连用，如Ago, then, yesterday,但一般过去时可以.例如:,He has worked here last year. He worked here last year.,F,T,3.现在完成时不可与疑问副词when连用,而一般过去时可以.例如: When has he come? When did he come?,F,T,iT,4.现在完成
11、时可以同包括现在在内的时间状语连用,而一般过去时则不可以. It has been hot this summer. It was hot this summer.,说话时仍在夏天,说明夏天已经过去,现 在 完 成 进 行 时,一.构成: have/ has +been +doing 二.用法: 1.现在完成进行时可以用来表示一个动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到说话时刻还在进行.这一用法常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如for two years,since early morning, these few days 等. 例如: I have been translating this artic
12、le for two hours. Hes been trying to work out the answer since early morning.,有时,用了表示一段时间的状语,但由于上下文关系,现在完成进行时也可以表示动作到说话时已经停止,但对现在仍有影响.例如: Im very tired. Ive been playing basketball since breakfast. He has been working too hard.,重复的动作表示感情色彩 有时候,现在完成进行时不是指某个动作一直在不停地进行,而是表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作,常带有感情色彩
13、. She has been saying that many times.,现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较,I have watered the flowers. (已完成) I have been watering the flowers.(未完成,一直在浇) He has read this book. (已读完) He has been reading this book.(未读完),不以内关于进行时态的状态动词,知觉动词或情感动词(如know, love等)不可用于现在完成进行时,但可用于现在完成时. I have known her for a long time. I have
14、 been knowing her for a long time.,T,F,I havent seen him these days. I havent been seeing him these days. 许多时候，尤其是在口语话中，现在完成时和现在完成进行时可以互用,T,F,2006高考试题链接,1. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more. A. hasnt lived B. didnt live C. hadnt lived D. doesnt live 2. As you can see, the number o
15、f cars on our roads _ rising these days. A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping,3. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage. A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 4. The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen ri
16、ver every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going,5. -I dont suppose the police know who did it. - Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now. A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned,6. My friend, who _ on the In
17、ternational Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served 7. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _. A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off,8. I wont tell the student the answer to the math pr
18、oblem until he _ on it for more than an hour. A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked,9. Although the causes of cancer _, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering C. are uncovering D. have uncovered,10.
19、 The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now _ the matter. A. seeing through B. working out C. looking into D. watching over,2000-2005 高考试题,1. (2000全国) The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. A. as long as
20、 B. while C. if D. even though,2. (2001春季) The men will have to wait all day _ the doctor works faster. A. if B. unless C. whether D. that 3. (2001春季) Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I _ my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken,4. (2001春季) Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory
21、 closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 5. (2002上海) He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate,6. (2003北京) Come and see me whenever _. A. you are convenient B. y
22、ou will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you 7. (2004重庆卷) You can eat food free in my restaurant _ you like. A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however,8. (2005安徽卷) You must keep on working in the evening _ you are sure you can finish the task in time. A. as B
23、. if C. when D. unless 9.（2005全国卷）What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining,Have you done a good job?,Homework,1. Review grammar and usage. 2. Finish grammar-related exercises in workbook. 3. Preview Task.,