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1、主谓一致,一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配： 语法一致原则 (grammatical concord) 意义一致原则 (notional concord) 就近原则 (principle of proximity)。 “主谓一致”考查内容涉及名词单数或复数作主语、不可数名词作主语、不定代词作主语、并列结构作主语、特殊名词作主语时与谓语动词数的一致等。,1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 The reading and writing are very important. and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰，该名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.例如：
2、 No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔. 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词，共用一个冠词用单数， The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were,2 主谓一
3、致中的就近原则 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致. There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 总的来说，在由not onlybut also，not justbut，or, eitheror，neithernor连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形
4、式。如： Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week. Either you or she is to go. There is a pen,a few envelops and some paper for you.,3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with,together with,like,except,but,no less than,as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致. The teacher together with some students is visiting
5、the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating.,4 谓语需用单数 1) 代词each和由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数. Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决定，与each无关.例如： They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车. 2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数. The Ar
6、abian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书. 3) 表示金钱，时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数.(用复数也可，意思不变.) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough.,5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1) 代词what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定. All
7、is right. (一切顺利.) All are present. (所有人都到齐了.) 2) 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family, team，group，club, public, audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体. His family isnt very large. 他家不是一个大家庭. His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者. 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poul
8、try(家禽）.militia(民兵）.vermin(害虫）等在任何情况下都用复数形式. Are there any police around,3)有些名词，如variety, number,population,proportion,majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数. A number of +名词复数+复数动词. The number of +名词单数+单数动词. A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English,6 与后接名词或代词保持一致 1) 用half of,part
9、 of,most of,a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致. Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖. 2) 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than of 作主
10、语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致. Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书. More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花. More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市.,7 the+形容词/国籍形容词。表示一类人/一国人，作主语，谓语动词用复数。 8 the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人或两夫妇，作主语时，谓语动词用复数， 9 四则运算时，谓语动词用单数。 10 表示，（时间，距离，重量，金
11、额，书名）的复数名词作主语时，通常当做整体看待，谓语动词用单数。,the following作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如： The following are good examples下面是一些好例子. 11,以-ics结尾的学科名词，如politics, physics, mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news, works, plastics（整形外科, ）等同属此类.例如： Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.,当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示“学科”以外的意义时，
12、用作复数，如：mathematics（运算能力）politics(政治观点）economics（经济意义）等 M-is his strong point. 数学是他的专长。 His mathematics are is not good. 他不善于计算。 What are your politics? 你的政见如何?,12,有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数（trousers,glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等）作主语时，前面若有“一条“,“一副“,“一把“之类的单位词，动词用单数；若没有单位词或单位词是复数，则谓语动词用复数.例如： The
13、shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适. 还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数：arms（武器）.clothes. contents. minites（记录）.remains（遗体）.thanks等 13,“one and a half +名词“作主语时，谓语动词要用复数.例如： One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果. 14,“One or two more +复数名词“作主语时，谓语动词用复数.例如： One or two persons are sent there to help them do t
14、he work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.,15,“one of+复数名词+ 定语从句“结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句“的结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如： He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.,（一）以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题 （二）以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题 （三）以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题 （四）以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题 （五）其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题
15、,（一）以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题 以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题，如：arthritis关节炎,bronchitis支气管炎,diabetes糖尿病,mumps腮腺炎, 这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。 例如： Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient.,（二）以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题 以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。 例如： Darts（标枪, 镖,） is basically an easy game. 但当Darts，Marbles
16、(玩具弹球.石弹子）等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时，谓语动词通常用作复数。例如： Three darts are thrown at each turn. All nine skittles （九柱游戏用的小柱）were brought down by the good throw.,（三）以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题 某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，因其是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。例如： The United States was hit by the Great Depression in
17、 1930s. In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976. 但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。例如： The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.,（四）以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题 某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如physics,mathematics,mechanics,optics,acoustics,politics statistics,economics,linguistics,athletics等，谓语动词通常用作单数。例如： Athletics is a required course for students of all grades. 但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义，可作复数用。例如： Athletics have been greatly encouraged at this college.,