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1、新思维综合英语（1） Unit 6,Unit 6 Learning objectives,How to ask for help or a favor 如何请求帮助 How to offer help 如何主动提供帮助 How to express an obligation 如何表示有义务做某事 How to leave a message with someone on the phone 如何电话留言,Lesson 38 Do you know what time it is?,Anne Jenkins is an administrative assistant. Shes havin
2、g a busy day at the office, making calls for her boss, answering calls and helping out an office worker.,Focus Questions,1Can you list three things Anne needs to do for her boss, Joan? 2When is her boss, Joan, going to be back? 3What message does Donald leave for Ms Clark, Annes boss? 4What does Ann
3、e want to buy for her daughter? Why?,Answers to the Focus Questions,1. Can you list three things Anne needs to do for her boss, Joan? Anne needs to, 1. call Alex Post and tell him her boss is on the way; 2. tell Johnny to get ready at six and that his mom is going to pick him up; 3. ring Joans husba
4、nd and tell him that she is going to pick Johnny up. 2. When is her boss Joan going to be back? She will be back no later than three.,Language points in the dialogue,注意Do you know what time it is? 这个句子中的语序。 本来what time is it?是个完整的疑问句，在这里，它充当句子的宾语即宾语从句，由于主句 Do you know ?是疑问句，这样what time is it用作宾语从句的时
5、候就采用了陈述句语序what time it is。又如：Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 而不能说 Could you tell me how can I get to the railway station.(这是错句),英语时间表达法：,1几点几分，最简单的办法可以直接说这两个数字，如：三点二十五分，three twenty five; 八点半，eight thirty; 十二点五十分，twelve fifty. 2几点差几分和几点过几分：九点差十分，ten to nine; 十一点差二十分，twenty to
6、 eleven. 差几分，用介词 to 来表示，to 前是相差的多少分数，而 to 后是具体的几点。 一般来说，英语里跟我们汉语的习惯是一样的，说“差多少分几点”一般不超过半个小时，不能说“九点差三十分钟”否则就该用“过多少分”了，也就是“八点三十分”或“八点半”。如：四点过一刻，a quarter past four; 七点过二十分，twenty past seven. 过多少分，用介词 past 来表示，past 前是超过的多少分数，而 past 后是具体的几点。,人们在谈话过程中为了提请注意或强调的时候经常会用到象 listen, say, well 等词。 这种情况下，这些词没有什么具
7、体的含义，更多是在谈话过程中强调或引起注意而说的，这种用法一般在非常熟悉的人们间用得多一些。 Favor, 帮忙。一般用在 ask a favor of somebody / ask somebody a favor 请某人帮个忙； do someone a favor / do a favor for someone 给某人帮个忙。 May I ask a favor of you? 可以请你帮个帮吗？ Do me a favor and turn the radio down a bit while Im on the phone, will you? 劳驾，我在打电话，把收音机的音量调小
8、点，可以吗？,On ones way (to) 在去某地的路上。 On ones way home 回家的路上， home 是个副词，所以前面不能用介词 to ，因为介词后只跟名词。 James is probably on his way to the theater. James 很可能在去往剧院的路上。 To be ready, to get ready, 准备好，做好准备。后边常常跟 for, 表示为某事做好准备。如： He is trying to get ready for the new teachers welcome party. 他在为新教师们欢迎会做着准备工作。,Pick
9、 up, 开车接某人。He picked up a hitch-hiker on his way to the Summer Palace. 在开车前往颐和园的路上，他让一个搭便车的人上了车。在英美等国家，在郊外的路上，偶尔能看到有人竖起大拇指，握着其他手指，举起胳膊，站在公路边。他们是想搭便车的人，叫 hitch-hiker。 Count on 信赖，依赖。We can count on the two hundred workers to finish the project. 我们可以依赖这200名工人来完成这个项目。,Be off 离开某地。如：Where are you off to
10、? 你离开这里是要去哪儿？ I should be back no later than three. 我最晚不超过三点赶回来。No later than 不晚于，不迟于。The report will be finished no later than seven in the evening. 报告不超过晚上七点能够完成。类似的用法: no more than 不超过 no less than 不低于，不少于。,英语里接听电话的时候，首先要自报家门，或者直接说出自己的姓名或机构名称，或者说 This is (speaking)，不能说Im 。询问对方是谁，说：Whos that? 或者 I
11、s that XXX? 一般不说 Are you XXX? 如果想找某人说话，可以说 May / Can I speak to ? Can I talk to ? 等。,询问挂电话的人是否想留言，Would you like to leave a message? Could you show me how to work the photocopier? 这里， work 的意思是 operate, run. 工作，使用，操作。如： Mary does not know how to work the washing machine. Im not sure where to put the
12、 paper. Im not sure 意思是我不知道，在这里她不知道什么呢？ where to put the paper. 这里的意思是把纸放哪儿。,英语里这样的“疑问词 + 不定式”的用法是很多的。比如： Hes wondering how to get that heavy box onto the high table. 他们在琢磨怎么样才能把那个沉重的箱子搬到那张很高的桌子上， how to do ，如何做，怎样做。 Have you worked out what to say to the teacher? 你想出跟老师说什么了吗？ what to do 做什么。,Get sb
13、 sth 给某人买个什么东西，相当于 buy sb sth 或者 buy sth for sb. 这里的 somebody 一般是宾格代词，如 me, you, her, him, them 等等。 Could you get / buy me a copy of that dictionary next time you go to the bookstore? 下次你去书店的时候可以为我买一本这样的词典吗？,The stores are closing in fifteen minutes. 那些商店十五分钟后就关门了。这里用了现在进行时 are closing 来表示即将、马上的概念。介
14、词 in 跟时间短语一起用时表示某段时间之后，如：in two months, 两个月后；He said he should be able to finish the project in five weeks. 他说五个星期之后他就能完成这个项目了。,I guess I lost track of time. 我想我是忘记时间了。Lose track of sb / sth 跟不上的进展或发展；与失去联系。 又如：Ive lost track of many of my old school friends. 我已经跟很多中学同学联系不上了。（回顾在第一单元里学习的 keep track
15、of，保持联系。）,Lesson 43 I was starting to worry,Doug is finishing dinner with his family in Seattle, Washington. Hes happy because he got the job in Chicago. Now he has to give up his apartment in Seattle and pack his things to go to Chicago. Chuck, on the other hand, is depressed. He wants Laura to giv
16、e him a ring.,Focus Questions,1. Why does Doug say he should be going? 2. Why did Dad make the cake? 3. What does Doug ask Ricky to do?,Answers to the Focus Questions,1. Why does Doug say he should be going? Because Doug has got an appointment. Someones supposed to come over at eight to look at the
17、apartment. 2. Why did Dad make the cake? Doug has got a new job, so the family wants to congratulate him. 3. What does Doug ask Ricky to do? He asks Ricky and his friends to help him pack his things.,Language points in the dialogue,Does anyone know what time it is? 注意这句话里的语序， what time it is ，而不是 wh
18、at time is it. 这部分是做整个句子的宾语从句，我们在第 38 课里学习过这个句型。 Exactly, 准确地，确切地，恰好地。 It is said that John is exactly 100 kilograms. 据说 John 正好一百公斤。,Id better get going soon. 我得马上走了。 Would better do something 最好做某事 。 Get doing sth 开始做某事。 Get moving , you guys Wed better hurry up. 你们大伙动作起来，我们得加快速度了。 You cant leave
19、before you have a piece of this cake Dad made. 吃点爸爸做的蛋糕后再走。,Its in honor of your new job. In honor of sth / sb, 纪念；祝贺；尊重。The party was held in honor of our teachers birthday. 晚会是为祝贺老师的生日举行的。这个短语也可以说成 in sbs / sths honor. This event is organized in Mr Lees honor. 这次活动是为Mr Lee 组织的。,I was starting to w
20、orry when two weeks went by with no news. 两周悄无声息地过去了，没有任何消息，我都开始着急了。 go by, 时间流逝，过去。 As time went by , they began to get on well with each other. . 日子久了，他们彼此变得十分融洽。 get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽。词组 go by sth 还有另外一个意思，“遵照，依照”。如： I shall go entirely by what you said to me. 我应该完全按照你说的去做。,No news is good
21、 news. 没有消息就是好消息。这是一句谚语，经常用来安慰为什么事而着急的人。 Do sb a favor 帮某人忙，给某人一个面子。He did me a great favor yesterday. 昨天他帮了我一个大忙。 Give sb a hand doing sth, 帮忙做某事。Can I give you a hand getting it down? 我帮你拿下来吗？ Call sb back 给某人回电话。Right away, at once, immediately. 立刻，马上。,Depressed 过去分词，心情压抑的，心情不好的。在学习这些表示情感、心情和感觉一类
22、的形容词的时候，要注意区别 ing 形式和 ed 形式的不同含义。 如：interesting, interested; moving, moved; depressing, depressed; surprising, surprised; frightening, frightened. 动词的ing 形式都表示事物具有这样那样的性质，而 ed 形式一般表示某人被感动（吸引、压抑、惊吓等等）。如：,This is a very interesting story. I was greatly interested in the story. It was a frightening exp
23、erience to be in a traffic accident. I was frightened by the traffic accident. Get off the phone 挂完电话。 Have sb do sth让某人做某事。,You sound kind of depressed. Sound, 这里是动词，听起来。Kind of 有点儿。英语口语中常常用到，类似于 sort of.人们在口语交流过程中为了缓和口气或给自己留有考虑的时间，经常用 kind of, sort of, somewhat, a bit 等插入话语中，起弱化所要说的内容的作用。,Focus Qu
24、estions,1. Why does the author say if you want a pay raise, you need to ask for it? 2. Why dont many people go (to) ask for a pay raise according to the text? 3. What does “Do your homework” mean? 4. What do you focus yourself on when you talk to your boss for a pay raise? 5. Can you make a brief li
25、st of the strategies given in the text? (This last one may require you to try to remember the main ideas of those strategies.),Language points in the reading text,Know what youre worth before you seek a raise. be worth some money 相当于 的价值；值。 Worth 后常常跟一些表示钱数的词语、数字等。 如： I paid only 10,000 yuan for thi
26、s used car, and everyone says it is worth much more. 我花了一万元买了这辆二手车，大家都说 应该值更多 。 a (pay) raise / rise 涨工资。 英式英语用 a rise 或 a pay rise, 美式英语中用 a (pay) raise.,课文两个标题 Know what youre worth before you seek a raise. be worth some money. 和 Do you think you deserve a raise? Then ask for it. 点出了这篇文章的核心内容。首先，打
27、算争取单位给你涨工资前，一定要清楚自己究竟实力如何，单位值不值得给你涨工资。而一旦确定了自己具有充分的实力，单位值得给自己涨工资，就要去合理地争取。,In todays corporate climate, most regular salary hikes have shrunk or disappeared. 这句话里的 hike 原义是“远足、徒步旅行”，动词、名词。而这里的 salary hike 指工资突然提高，涨工资。 在今天的公司运作环境里，大多数定期涨工资的做法已经缩小范围甚至取消了。那么希望涨工资的人们该怎么办呢？Youll have to ask if you want a
28、 pay boost. A pay boost 跟 a pay rise / raise 意思一样。Boost 上升，举起，推起。想涨工资，只要自己去争取了。,Fight for 据理力争，为而战斗。 Its part of your job to make your case. 证明你自己是你工作的一部分。Make ones case 或者 make the case for something. 以事实，说理、论证来证明某事。 Anyone of these stories is strong enough to make my case. 这些故事中的任何一个都足以证明我的看法。Make
29、 (out) a case (for / against) 据理说明支持或反对某事。They made out a case for more arms control. 他们充分地论证了需要加强武器控制。下文的 make a strong case 有力地证明，充分地证明。,No one will really know your brilliance unless you tell them. 除非你告诉他们，没有人知道你真的很出色。 这句话相当于 Nobody will really know your brilliance until you tell them. Unless = i
30、f not. 连词 unless除非 和 until直到什么时候 经常用来引起表示将来意义的条件状语从句或时间状语从句。主句里经常用到表示否定意义的概念。,No one will really know your brilliance unless you tell them. 除非你告诉他们，没有人知道你真的很出色。 这句话相当于 Nobody will really know your brilliance until you tell them. Unless = if not. 连词 unless除非 和 until直到什么时候 经常用来引起表示将来意义的条件状语从句或时间状语从句。主
31、句里经常用到表示否定意义的概念。,Deliver it in a professional manner. 这里指“要求加薪的时候一定要阐述得非常专业”。In a manner, 以的方式。 对于如何增加自己加薪的机会，文章里提出了一系列具体的建议。 首先，作者说 Do your homework. 这里是什么意思呢？原来，作者指要求加薪前一定要做好充分的调查研究工作。研究什么呢？ Industry standard for your job and where you fall on the salary scale at your company. 各行各业人员都有个相对一致的工资水平，你
32、当然要了解了。还有就是你在公司整体结构中大概属于什么阶层，也要弄清楚。,Time （名词）时间；（动词）选择时机，安排时间。If you want to talk to your boss about your salary, it is very important to choose the right time to talk to him or her. Timing is very important. Take advantage of = Make use of. 利用。Make a contribution 做出贡献。 Quantify your accomplishments
33、. 量化你的成绩，用数字来证明你的业绩。 Demonstrate, 证明。Contribute to 对做出贡献。,Keep it career-focused. 话题要集中在职业发展上。Whine, (为小事) 埋怨，抱怨。如：What is that child whining about? 那个孩子在抱怨什么呢? Steer the discussion to your contributions over the past year and your desire for career growth. 把谈话引导到你这一年来对公司的贡献和你追求职业发展的理想上。 Steer 驾驶，操纵
34、方向。引申为“引导，控制局势”steer to / towards 引导到，转移到。 He managed to steer the discussion away from the subject of money to the internal administration of the company. 他想办法把讨论的话题从钱转移到公司的内容管理。,Give me more money, or Ill quit. 这样的话显然是在威胁老板，有哪个老板会喜欢不涨工资就辞职的下属呢？连词 or 在这里相当于 or else, otherwise, 否则。Hurry up or (else)
35、 youll be late. More often than not. 相当于Most likely.最有可能。 I wish you good luck. 那就祝你好运吧。显然你已经被炒鱿鱼了。 Rehearse. 要预先演习一下如何跟老板讨价还价。而且交流的过程中要体现出 serious and prepared（语气诚恳，有备而来）的样子，而不是随随便便说说。Outline (名词和动词) （描述）大纲、概要。Practice doing sth 练习（操练）做某事。,Know what you want. 只有明确目标，才能做到有的放矢。 It is crucial to speci
36、fy either a percentage increase or salary figure that should be in line with your market value and accomplishments. 确定一个与你的市场价值和贡献相符合的涨幅比例或工资数额至关重要。 In line with sth 与相符合、相一致。Turn down 拒绝。I was invited, but I turned it down. 我被邀请了，不过我拒绝了邀请。,Regardless of 不管，不去计较或考虑。paying no attention to any difficu
37、lt factor (normally). 如：They are planning to visit Europe regardless of the expenses. 他们不管费用多少还是在计划去欧洲旅行。 Courtesy will keep it on track. 保持礼貌客气会使你的职业顺利发展。Keep sth on track 保持正常进行。On the right / wrong track 方向（思路）正确/方向错误。,OK, we have covered the main ideas of the reading text. Im sure tomorrow morni
38、ng or next week if you go to your boss and ask for a pay raise, you must have a lot of ideas as to how to talk to him or her. 还记得刚才给你的第五个问题吗？ You can make a list by yourself and check with the text to see if you have got all the main points.,Answers to the Focus Questions,1. Why does the author say
39、if you want a pay raise, you need to ask for it? In todays corporate climate, most regular salary hikes have shrunk or disappeared. 2. Why dont many people go (to) ask for a pay raise according to the text? Feeling that theyll be denied a raise, many people never request one. 3. What does “do your h
40、omework” mean? You must get to know the industry standard for your job and where you fall on the salary scale at your company. 4. What do you focus yourself on when you talk to your boss for a pay raise? Focus on your career growth. 5. Can you make a brief list of the strategies given in the text? 答
41、案略，见文章内容。,Wrap-up Tips,How to ask for help or a favor 如何请求帮助 How to offer help 如何主动提供帮助 How to express an obligation 如何表示有义务做某事 How to leave a message with someone on the phone 如何电话留言,短语或词组：,do sb a favor, 帮某人忙 on ones way to, 在去的路上 count on, 依赖，依靠 as soon as, 一就 figure out, 解决；弄明白 lose track of, 赶不
42、上的进程或发展；失去联系 in honor of, 为纪念;以名义 go by, 经过，（时间）流逝,give sb a hand doing sth, 帮某人做某事 disappear, 消失 fight for, 争取 make ones / a case, 以事实，说理、论证来证明某事 deny, 否认 deliver, 投递，递送 in a manner, 以 方式 take advantage of, 利用 make a contribution, 做贡献 demonstrate, 证明；演示 contribute to, 对 做（有）贡献 whine about, 抱怨，埋怨 come across, 遇到，碰到,