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1、英汉互译常用技巧之 简译法 陈霞 宾艳芳 李晖 减译法又叫简词译法、省略法， 所谓“省略”并不是把原文的意义删 去，而是省略一些可有可无的， 或者有了反而显得累赘甚至违背 译文语言习惯的词，而不是把原 文的某些思想内容删去。 （一）代词的省略 A省略作主语的代词 EXAMPLES： 1）Thats the way I am ,and try as I might ,I havent been able to change it. 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能 改变过来。 2）All the fellow gathered around ,stretching their necks
2、like ducks. 所有的人聚拢过来，像鹅一样伸长脖子。 3）He covered his eye with his hands . 他用双手捂住了眼睛。 B在英语句子中，泛指的人称代词 常常不译出来 EXAMPLES: 1）When will he arrive？You can never tell . 他什么时候到？说不准。 2）If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch thei
3、r leader. 打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王。 3）The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attains. 人生的意义不在于已获取的，而在于渴望获得什么 样的东西。 4）What one knows is ,in youth ,of little moment; they know enough who know how to learn. 一个人年轻时懂得什么不大重要，重要的是懂得如 何学习。 C作宾语的代词往往也可省略 EXAMPLES: 1）The followi
4、ng letter will explain itself and needs no apology. 下面的话一看就明白，用不着道歉。 2）She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if to thank him for it. 她轻轻地把手放在他的胳膊上，好像表示感 谢。 D省略物主代词 EXAMPLES: 1）Her dark hair waved untidy across her broad forehead ,her face was short ,her upper lip short ,showing a glint of teeth ,h
5、er brows were straight and dark ,her lashes long and dark ,her nose straight. 她的黑发蓬松地飘拂在宽宽的前额上，脸是短短的，上 唇也是短短的，露出一排亮亮的牙齿，眉毛又黑又直 ，鼻子笔挺。 2）In order to survive ,to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature. 为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行 ，人类和大自然进行着斗争。 2省略非
6、人称或无意义的代词it “it”也起着代词的作用，当它被用作非人称或没有意义的时候，往 往可以省略。 A 非人称的it EXAMPLES: 1）Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面漆黑一团，下着瓢泼大雨。 2）A well-known characteristic of light is that it travels in a straight lines. 光的一个人尽皆知的特点是直线传播。 无意义的it n1 It was very easy for him to pour the whole bot
7、tle of wine into his throat. n将整瓶酒倒进喉咙对他来说就是小菜一碟。 n2 It is better to do well than to say well. n说的好不如做的好。 n3 It is only shallow people who judge by appearance. n只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。 省略连词 wA省略并列连词and和or w1 Mr.Bingley was good-looking and gentleman-like. w宾利先生相貌英俊，彬彬有礼。 w2 Men and women ,old and young,all jo
8、inde in the battle. w男女老少都参加了战斗 B 省略从属连词 1 We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin. 我们看见了一只更鸟，知道春天快要到 了。（表示原因） 2 If you dont go there tomorrow ,they will get angry 你明天不去，他们会生气的。 省略介词 l表示时间和地点的介词短语在被翻译成汉语的 时候，如果能够放在句首，介词往往可以省略 ；如果只能放在句末，就不能省略。 l1 On sundays we have no school. l周末我们不上学。 l2 Sm
9、oking is prohibited in public places. l公共场所禁止吸烟。 n3 She hid behind the door . n她藏在门后（behind不能省略） n4 His brother stood by the window. n他弟弟站在窗边（by不能省略） 谓语的省略 v英语的谓语必须是动词，而汉语的谓语却可以是形 容词或其他词性，故英语中的动词特别是联系动词 可以省略不译。 v1 These developing countries cover vast territories,encompass a large population and abo
10、und in natural resources. v这些发展中国家土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。 v2 When the pressure gets low,the boiling-point becomes low. v压力低，沸点就低。 （二）从修辞角度考虑的省略 1 省略汉语中不言而喻或可有可无的字 n1 There was no snow,the leaves were gone from the trees,the grass was dead. n没有下雪，但叶落草枯。 n2 Could you help me in any way? n你能帮帮我吗? 2 英文中重复出现的短语译
11、成汉语时 可适当省略 1 University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not . 报考大学的人，有工作的优先录取。 2 She curtseyed again,and would have blushed deeper,if she could have blushed deeper than she has blushed all the time. 她又行了个屈膝礼，由于她的脸一直涨的 通红，所以现在不可能涨的更红了。 3 同义词，近义词或意义重复的词，翻译 时可适当省略 l1 He was safe and sound. l他平安无恙。 l2 Bacteria capable of causing disease are known as pathoenic,or disease- prodeducing. l能引起疾病的细菌称为致病菌。 总结 l总之，应该记住这样一个原则：简译法是 指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为 译文中虽无其词已有其意，或者在译文中 是不言而喻的；换言之，减译法是删去一 些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背 译文习惯表达法的词，但减译并不是把原 文的某些思想内容删去。