《英美国家概况1LandandPeople.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英美国家概况1LandandPeople.ppt（56页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、English-Speaking Countries: A Survey 英语国家概况 The United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Land and People Different Names for Britain and Its Parts English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Different Names for Britain and Its Parts Britain Great Britain England the British Isle
2、s the United Kingdom the UK the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland English Speaking Countries Unit 1 England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Different Names for Britain and Its Parts Commonwealth Countries Land and People Geographical Features English Channel English Speaking Count
3、ries Unit 1 largest, southern part of Great Britain 130,000 sq km 60% of the island southwest and west: plateau principal mountain chain: Pennines highest peak: Scafell (978m), in Lake District in north-west England east of England: open cultivated plain England English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Cap
4、ital: London England London English Speaking Countries Unit 1 78,760 sq km north of Great Britain 3 natural zones: the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands, and the southern Uplands Highlands: plateau with a coastline deeply indented Ben Nevis: highest mountain in Britain (1,343m) 800 island
5、s and hundreds of lakes Scotland English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Capital: Edinburgh Scotland Edinburgh English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Wales west of Great Britain 20,761 sq km 9% of the island mountainous, 6% covered with forest much of the country: pasture only 12% arable highest mountain: Snow
6、donia (1,085m) English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Capital: Cardiff Wales Cardiff English Speaking Countries Unit 1 northern fifth of Ireland 14, 147 sq km rocky and wild northern coastline, with deep indentations north-east: uplands south-east: mountains central lowlands: Lough Neagh basin Northern I
7、reland English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Capital: Belfast Northern Ireland Belfast Land and People Rivers and Lakes English Speaking Countries Unit 1 do not freeze in winter important role in the countrys economy great ports (London, Liverpool, Glasgow) connected to the sea by rivers east: Tweed, Ty
8、ne, Tees, Thames face North Sea ports on European continent, close to rich fishing grounds west: Clyde, Mersey, Severn carry raw materials to manufacturing cities Rivers and Lakes English Speaking Countries Unit 1 longest river: Severn (338 km) most important river: Thames (336 km), second largest l
9、argest lake: Lough Neagh (396 sq km) in Northern Ireland lake district: 15 lakes, home of lake poets Rivers and Lakes Thames Land and People Climate English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Climate maritime climate mild winters cool summers plenty of rainfall English Speaking Countries Unit 1 favorable mar
10、itime climate winters mild, not too cold summers cool, not too hot steady reliable rainfall small range of temperature average in winter 4C 6C average in summer 12C 17C Climate UK Garden English Speaking Countries Unit 1 surrounding waters prevailing wind - Westerlies the North Atlantic Drift Factor
11、s That Influence the Climate English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Britains weather changes from day to day, and this makes it difficult to forecast. It is so changeable that sometimes one can experience four seasons in the course of a single day. It has been said that the uncertainty about the weather
12、has had a definite effect upon the Englishmans character. It tends to make him cautious, for example. Climate English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Rainfall average annual rainfall: 1,000mm surplus in the north and west deficit in the south and east English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Natural Calamities f
13、og smog frost severe gales “clean air zones” Land and People The People English Speaking Countries Unit 1 English Speaking Countries Unit 1 English Speaking Countries Unit 1 The People population: 57,411,000 densely populated: 237 people per sq km c.f. 137 (China) 2.7 (Canada) unevenly distributed h
14、ighly urbanized 90% urban 10% rural English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Composition English (81.5%) Scottish (9.6%) Welsh (1.9%) Irish (2.4%) Northern Irish (1.8%) other peoples (2.8%) English Speaking Countries Unit 1 The People Anglo-Saxons English Celts Scots, Welsh, Irish English Speaking Countrie
15、s Unit 1 English Anglo + land = Angleland Anglo-Saxons + Norman = English people & language Southern England: BBC Northern England: accent East End of London: Cockney English English late light wait white hand and go gou English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Ancient Britons Welsh Conquered by English, 1
16、536 Welsh equal English, 1965 Welsh English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Welsh Common names: Ll Llewellyn Lloyd Llyn Lewis, Davies, Morgan, Edwards English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Emotional Cheerful Music lovers Proud of their past Eisteddfau National Eisteddfod Welsh English Speaking Countries Unit
17、1 Never been conquered Safe in Highlands Speak Gaelic Scots English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Common names: M, Mc, Mac = “son of” Scots English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Scots Serious Cautious Thrifty Hospitable Generous Friendly past today English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Irish Scots & English Pro
18、testants (dominant group) v. s. Roman Catholics (seeking more opportunities) English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Irish Irish (Erse), a form of Gaelic Official Languages 1) Irish 2) English English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Irish Charm Vivacity Beauty of Irish girls Welsh Irish Scottish English Ances t
19、or Nati onal Language chara cter Celts Celts Celts Picts Angles Saxons Jutes Welsh Irish (Erse) Gaelic English emotional cheerful vivacious charming serious cautious thrifty Hospitable generous cautious Welsh Irish Scottish English Ances tor Celts Celts Celts Picts Angles Saxons Jutes Nati onal Language WelshIrish (Erse) Gaelic English chara cter emotional cheerful vivacious charming serious cautious thrifty hospitable generous cautious English Speaking Countries Unit 1 Immigrants Since World War II Mainly from West Indies India Pakistan English Speaking Countries Unit 1