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1、英国概况 Chapter 1 General Introduction to Physiographical Features of the UK The Locations of the UK The Physiographical Features of the UK Rivers and Mountains Climate and weather Population The Major Cities Exercises and Answers Focus questions What is the full name of the British state? What countri
2、es does it consist of? What is the total population of the United Kingdom? Where do most British people live? What is the most densely populated area of Britain? What is the least populated? What are the major cities in Britain? Three terms British Isles Britain Great Britain Two large islands sever
3、al small ones The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. England, Wales Scotland The complicated full name of the UK The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Four parts: England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Union JackUnion Jack The map of the UK The location of the
4、UK Britain is situated in western Europe and is separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. It is an insular country. Its coastline runs 12,429 km, It is one of the countries with longest coastline. To the west of it lies the Atlantic Ocean, a
5、cross and beyond it is America. The Physiographical Features of the UK Varied landscape Flatlands in England Mountains in Scoltland and Wales England England A flatland country, also called Lowland zone Pennines: the backbone of England Lake district Highly urbanized -80% of population living in cit
6、ies -only 2% working in agriculture Physically largest with largest population Dominance in: size/ culture/ economy -take England for UK Lake District a scenic spota scenic spotin North West England A popular holiday destination being famous for its lakes and its mountains its associations with the
7、early 19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and other poets. William Wordsworth a romantic poet appointed poet laureate in 1843 Living in the Lake district after 1797 （17701850） Scotland Scotland A mountainous country three natural zones: The Highlands in the north the central Lowla
8、nds the southern Uplands Ben Nevis: the highest mountain in the UK A country of castles The highlands in Scotland： sparsely populated, with many mountain ranges dominating the region, and including the highest mountain in the British Isles, Ben Nevis The film: Brave Heart Ben Nevis (1 343 meters hig
9、h) Airth castle A 14th century castle , a spa and a Scottish castle accommodation , one of the most popular places for Scottish castle weddings. Stirling castle about 30 miles from Glasgow and 40 miles from Edinburgh A long history,an important fortification and the site of many sieges and battles,
10、standing out for its imposing location and storied history Wales Wales ua mountainous country u in the west of Great Britain. u takeing up less than 9% of the whole island. Northern Ireland Smallest among the four nations in Britain Mostly rural, low hills, beautiful lake in the south- west, rugged
11、coastline Giants causeway (巨人之路) (1) The 8th Natural Wonder of the World (suburb of Belfast)， Sixty million years ago nGiants Causeway（2） - a stretch of basaltic rock pillars weathered to different heights and presenting a stepped surface on the north coast of Northern Ireland. 37,000columns formed
12、by cooling lava. - legend: Finn MaCool built it to cross the sea to Scotland Giants causeway（3） Prodigious skills (鬼斧神工) of Nature: Climate and Weather A maritime type of climate: rainy, changeable and unpredictable rarely rising above 32 in summer or falls below 10 in winter. mild winters and cool
13、summers Population The total population: about 62 000 000 (2009) Highly urbanized: 80% living in cities and 20% living in the couryside The most densely populated area: England The least populated area: Northern Ireland A multiracial society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are of non -E
14、uropean ethnicity. The official language: English Mountains and Rivers Pennines: Chief mountain ranges: the Cambrians the Grampiains The Grampians: the largest mountian range in the UK Ben Nevis: the highest mountain in the UK The longest river in England: River Severn （220 miles，354 km) NEW SEVERN
15、BRIDGE: the longest bridge in the UK, connecting Wales and England An important river in Britain: River Thames the second longest river in the United Kingdom and the longest river entirely in England best kown for flowing through central London its strategic position at the centre of many events in
16、British history a major leisure area supporting tourism and pleasure outings as well as the sports of rowing, sailing. a special appeal to writers, artists, musicians and film- makers and is well represented in the arts many riverside attractions: London Eye,tower of London, House of Parliament, etc
17、. Description of River Thames by T.S.Eliot(1888-1965) Sweet Thames run softly, till I end my song. The river bears no empty bottles, sandwich papers, Silk handkerchiefs, cardboard boxes cigarette ends Or other testimony of summer nights. and The river sweats Oil and tar The barges drift With the tur
18、ning tide Red sails Wide To leeward, swing on the heavy spar, The barges wash Drifting logs Down Greenwich reach Past the Isle of Dogs Major cities London Liverpool Cardiff Belfast London -seat of government -center of culture -business center - industrial center -largest population -home to all med
19、ia -galleries, theatres, museums -combining functions of New York, Washington & Los Angeles -One of the four leaing cities in the world: New York, Paris, Tokyo London The capital, the largest port and the largest city in Britain The City of London +Inner London + Outer London= Greater London The com
20、mercial center: the West End The political center: the City of Webminster (Downing street, Buckingham Palace) The cultural center: London University (the biggest) The center of Labor Movement (Chartism)宪章运动 The Olympics games to be held here in 2012 The London Eye a height of 135 metres (443 ft), th
21、e largest Ferris wheel in Europe the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom, Big Ben lthe largest four- faced chiming clock, lthe third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world, lIts celebration of its 150th anniversary in May 2009 Tower Bridge an iconic symbol of London Ca
22、rries motor vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians Crosses Thames Total length 244 metres (801 ft) Opened 30 June 1894 a large, mainly Gothic church, in Westminster, London the traditional place of coronation and burial site for monarchs of Commonwealth Realms Trafalgar squareTrafalgar square a square in c
23、entral London a tourist attraction Waterloo bridge Tube/subway Waterloo Bridge Waterloo Bridge Starring: Vivien Leigh, Robert Taylor Directed by Mervyn LeRoy. Produced by Sidney Franklin Synopsis Based on the play by Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Robert E. Sherwood, WATERLOO BRIDGE stars Vivien
24、Leigh as Myra, a shy ballerina whose life is irrevocably altered in war-torn London. Its love at first sight when Myra meets handsome, aristocratic British officer Roy Cronin (Robert Taylor) in the midst of an air raid. The couple soon plans to wed, but Cronin is called to the front, and shortly the
25、reafter a newspaper reports his death. Forced out of ballet school, alone and destitute, Myra turns to prostitution. When she discovers that the newspaper report was inaccurate, Myra is unable to tell Cronin about her professional life, and tragedy ensues.This 10-handkerchief weeper was directed by
26、Mervyn LeRoy. Joseph Ruttenbergs photography is beautiful, as is the inspired soundtrack by Herbert Stothart (THE WIZARD OF OZ), but what makes WATERLOO BRIDGE is Leighs stunning performance and the very real chemistry between her and Robert Taylor. ST Pauls Cathedral l an Anglican cathedral l the s
27、eat of the Bishop of London l one of Londons most famous and most recognisable sights Edinburgh the capital city of Scotland economic center of Scotland a tourist city second only to London in U.K. a cultural city，holding an international festival of music and the arts every year The new city of Edi
28、nburgh Ediburgh castle The symbol of Ediburgh situated on a mound of volcanic rock one of Scotlands oldest castles, unequalled in the whole of the British Isles a remarkable fortress, the historical interest of and former royal residence, visited annually by approximately one million people No visit
29、 to Edinburgh is complete without a visit to Edinburgh Castle Castles in Ediburgh Liverpool The second largest port of England A metropolitan city Cardiff The capital city of Wales A port Belfast The capital of Northern Ireland An indudtrial seaport the wheel of Belfast Belfast city hall Exercises T
30、he full name of the United Kingdom is _ and _. The island of Great Britain is made up of _, _ and _. The United Kingdom has been a member of _ since 1973. Britain is now a _ society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are of _ ethnicity. London plays a significant role in _ economic and cul
31、tural life. Its not only the financial _ of the nation, but also one of the _ major international financial centers _. The highest mountain in Britain is_ _flows throuth central London and it is a very important river. _is the capital of Scotland. Answers The United Kingdom of Great Britain the Northern Ireland England, Scotland, Wales European Union Multiracial, non-European Britains, center, three, in the world Ben Nevis Thames river Edinburgh