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1、 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice) What is the Passive Voice? A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 We planted the tree. The tree was planted by us. We speak English. 主语谓语宾语 English is spoken by us. 主语谓语宾语 主动语态 被动语态 When to use it? （1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 （2）当
2、我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是 动作的执行者。 这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的) 。 这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。 （强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现） The dictionary is well kept. These book were found in the 1920s. the Structure is 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 (be+V.P.P) 一般现在时： am / is / are done 一般过去时： was / were done 现在进行时： am / is / are being done 过去进行时： was / were being do
3、ne 现在完成时： have / has been done 过去完成时： had been done 一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done 当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have tobe done He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。 This book was written in 1969. 这本书是1969年写成的。 The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。 He told us th
4、e cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。 The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。 He said the factory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。 The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。 The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。 在改写中应注意： 1.把原原来的宾语宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语 主
5、语; ; 2.把动词变成“be be + + 过去分词过去分词”; 3.主动语态中的主语主语变为介词byby的宾语宾语。 典型题例 例1 将下列句子改为被动语态。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows. The windows
6、 were broken by him. We We call call the snowman the snowman MrMr Strong. Strong. The snowman The snowman is calledis called MrMr Strong. Strong. HeHe bought bought his friend some fruits yesterday. his friend some fruits yesterday. His friend His friend was boughtwas bought some fruits yesterday. s
7、ome fruits yesterday. Some fruits Some fruits were boughtwere bought for his friend yesterday. for his friend yesterday. They They can singcan sing some beautiful songs. some beautiful songs. Some beautiful songs Some beautiful songs can be sungcan be sung by them. by them. WorkersWorkers have built
8、have built the house since two years ago. the house since two years ago. The house The house has been builthas been built since two years ago. since two years ago. 一些特殊结构的一些特殊结构的被动结构被动结构: : （1）感觉动词(hear, see等)改被动语态 （2）使役动词(let, make等)改被动语态 如动词为 make, see, hear, watch,notice 等 ，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时， 变被
9、动语态时要加上“to” 。如： I saw him fall off the tree. He was seen toto fall off the tree. （）make sb. do sth. - sb. be made to do sth. 1He makes her horse work all day. Her horse all day. 2. My father let me go out for a picnic. I out for a picnic. is made to to work was let to to go 口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被 动句
10、中to回 来。（hear, let，have, make, see, watch) (2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth. I saw him playing football at that moment. He was seen playing football at that moment. hear / watch /. 带有双宾语（宾语既有人又有物 ）的被动结构是: （1）将间接宾语(人)变为主语，直接 宾语(物)不变。 （2）将直接宾语(物)变为主语，一般 要在间接宾语前加介词to或for. Bob sent Kate a let
11、ter last year. =Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year. =A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year. tell ask bring write give send show teach pass lend to He told Jim a story. Mum made me a new dress. I was made a new dress by Mum. A new dress was made for me by Mum. make buy draw sing for I bough
12、t my brother a book. buy, make, get, sing 注意:约翰打开了收音机。 John turned on the radio. The radio was turned on. 奶奶照看我姐姐。 Grandma takes care of my sister. My sister is taken care of by Grandma. 注：动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或 副词。 We must speak to old people politely. Old people must be spoken to politely. 动词短语的被动语态
13、动词短语的被动语态 take care of take care of be taken be taken care ofcare of cut down cut down be cut downbe cut down laugh at laugh at be laughed atbe laughed at look after look after be looked be looked afterafter They said that he would come back soon. It was said that he would come back soon. 类似的还有： It
14、is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that We report 1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。 如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, ,break out, appear, last, start 等。 * Great changes have taken place in this city. * That bike doesnt belong to Mike. 2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态 have /
15、fit I have a TV set. The coat fits me well. 3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。 【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【误】The blackboard is looked at by you 4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态 这鱼味道很好。 这条围巾摸上去很软。 The fish tastes good. The scarf feels soft. 5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【误】Yourself must be looked after
16、6.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。 这书很好卖。 这种布很好洗。 The book sells well. This kind of cloth washes very well. 这书卖完了。The book is sold out. 这块表需要修理一下。 The watch needs mending . =The watch needs to be mended. =We need to mend the watch. want 一般现在时：is / are + -ed 一般过去时：was / were + -ed 一般将来时：will be + -ed 过去将来时：would be + -ed 现在进行时：is / are being + -ed 过去进行时：was / were being + -ed 现在完成时：have(has) been + -ed 过去完成时：had been + ed 由上表中我们可以看出，不管是何种时态的被动 语态，助动词 be 是不可不用的。