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1、第 9 讲,动词的时态和语态,20102012 年广东省卷考点一览表,常考的各种时态的用法及构成,续表,注意：come, go, leave, arrive 等表示位置移动的动词可用 现在进行时表示即将发生的或计划好的事情。如： Im leaving tomorrow.我明天动身。 中考链接 Jenny _ in the kitchen when you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon.(2012 年广东)考点 1,Ais cooking Ccooks,Bwas cooking Dcooked, Yang Liwei, a famous astron
2、aut _ to Foshan in,考点 1,March, 2012.(2012 年广东佛山) Acomes Bcame Cwas coming,根据时间状语可知动作发生在过去，故用一,【答案】B 般过去时。,Have you seen Mike? He _ football on the sports field.(2012 年广东茂名) 考点 1 Aplays Bis playing Cwill play,Ive got the final Harry Potter book. You will love it.I _ it twice already.(2012 年广东广 州)考点 1
3、,A. am reading Cwas reading,Bhave read Dwill read,Most of the sandstorms in our country _ in spring,考点1,from March to May.(2011 年广东佛山) A. happen Bhappens Cis happening,动词的第三人称单数 1一般情况直接加-s。如：,stopstops,looklooks,readreads,2以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾的动词加-es。如：,missmisses fixfixes,watchwatches,washwashes,do
4、does,3以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 再加-es。如：,hurryhurries,crycries,carrycarries,4be 动词的三种形式：am, is, are 5特殊：havehas,动词的过去式和过去分词 1规则动词： (1)一般情况直接加-ed。如：,rainrained,cleancleaned,watchwatched,(2)以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，只加-d。如：,livelived,likeliked,movemoved,(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字母， 再加-ed。如： dropdropped stopstopped
5、 planplanned (4)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，应变 y 为 i 再加-ed。 如： carrycarried studystudied crycried 2不规则动词：不规则动词过去式和过去分词的变化规律性 不强，只能分别记忆。,动词的现在分词 1一般情况在词尾加-ing。如：,listenlistening,dodoing studystudying,2以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，去 e 加-ing。如： havehaving makemaking 3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字 母，再加-ing。如：,runrunning,getgetting,be
6、ginbeginning,4以字母 ie 结尾的动词，变 ie 为 y 再加-ing。如：,diedying,lielying,现在完成时中的一些重要用法 1短暂性动词和延续性动词 短暂性动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在， 但不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，也不能用于 how long 引导的特殊疑问句中。如需使用，此时要将短暂性动词转换为 延续性动词。如：,borrowkeep buyhave,diebe dead,joinbe,a member of/be in,begin/startbe on,finish/endbe over,come/go/arrivebe in/at
7、,leavebe away (from),becomebe,openbe open,closebe closed,sleepbe asleep marrybe married,returnbe,back,get upbe up,2have/has gone to, have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的 区别 (1)have/has gone to 强调“在去某地的路上或在某地”，人 还未回来。 (2)have/has been to 强调“去过某地”，人已经回来了。 (3)have/has been in 强调“一直待在某地”，常与一段时间 连用。,中考链
8、接 Where is your father? He _ Australia and he _ Sydney for two weeks.(2012 年广东梅州)考点 5,Ahas been to; has been in Chas been in; has been to,Bhas gone to; has been in Dhas gone to; has been to,I heard that Mr.Brown died last year. Yes, he has _ for a year, but we still miss him.(2010 年广东湛江)考点 5,Abeen d
9、ead Cdied,Bdeath Ddying,【答案】A 由 for a year 可知要用延续性动词，故用 been dead；death 为名词，dying 为现在分词，均不符合。,Our English teacher is very nice.We _ friends since three years ago.(2012 年广东)考点1、5,Awere Chave been,Bbecame Dhave made,被动语态的构成,1一般现在时的被动语态,肯定句：主语am/is/are过去分词其他,否定句：主语am/is/arenot过去分词其他 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are主语过去
10、分词其他？ 2一般过去时的被动语态,肯定句：主语was/were过去分词其他,否定句：主语was/werenot过去分词其他 一般疑问句：Was/Were主语过去分词其他？,3一般将来时的被动语态,肯定句：主语will/shallbe过去分词其他 否定句：主语will/shallnotbe过去分词其他 一般疑问句：Will/Shall主语be过去分词其他？ 4一般现在时中含情态动词的被动语态,肯定句：主语情态动词be过去分词其他 否定句：主语情态动词notbe过去分词其他 一般疑问句：情态动词主语be过去分词其他？,中考链接 Hot water_ in the students flats f
11、rom 5 pm.to 7 p,m.now.(2012 年广东) A. supplies Csupplied,考点6 Bis supplied Dwas supplied, Air must _ fresh all the time.Its good for our,考点6,health.(2012 年广东佛山) Akeep Bis kept Cbe kept,In the old days, they _ in the factory from morning to,考点 6,night.(2012 年广东河源) Awere made to work Basked to work Cmade
12、 to work Dwere asked for work,What will you do _ the summer holiday? I think I shall watch London Olympic Games.It will,_ in August.(2012 年广东深圳),考点 6,Aduring; be held Cduring; hold,Bat; hold Dat; be hold, According to the library rules, books _ for two,考点 5、6,weeks at most.(2010 年广东肇庆) Acan be borro
13、wed Bcan keep Ccan be kept,被动语态的用法,1当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。 2当需要强调或突出动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。此 时动作的执行者由 by 引导且置于谓语动词之后，也可省略。 3.当动作的执行者不是人而是某种事物时，多用被动语态。 4表示客观的说明常用“It is过去分词that 从句”句,型。这类句型有：,It is said that.据说,It is known to all that.众所周知 It is reported that.据报道 It is believed that.大家相信,5.为了使句子简练，上下文紧凑、连贯，
14、常使用被动语态。,如：,Hes handsome, stylish and liked by everyone. 他英俊而时尚，人人都喜欢他。,6文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。如： Dancers Wanted 招聘舞蹈演员(省略 are) New Bridge Completed 新大桥竣工(省略 is),注意：不及物动词(短语)happen/take place, appear,disappear, come true, come out 等无被动语态。,主动语态表示被动意义,1 系动词 look, sound, smell, taste, seem, turn, get,
15、 become,等的主动结构表示被动意义(系动词无被动式)。,2动词不定式作定语时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：,I have many things to do every day. 我每天都有很多事要做。,3need doing (need to be done)用主动形式表示被动意,义。如：,This room needs sweeping.,This room needs to be swept. 这房间需要打扫了。,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别,(1)现在完成时强调过去动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与 现在有关；一般过去时仅强调在过去某一时刻曾经发生的动作， 与现在无关。,(2)一般过
16、去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时常,与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,即景活用 We _ trees last Sunday.So far we _ over 3,000 trees there.,Aplanted; planted Chave planted; planted,Bplanted; have planted Dhave planted; have planted,(,)1.The cleaners _ the street and it is quite clean,now.(2012 年广东佛山),Aare sweeping,Bwill sweep Chave s
17、wept,(,)2.Heyuan develops so fast.,Thats true.Great changes _ in Heyuan in the last few years.(2012 年广东河源) Ahave been taken place Btook place Ctake place Dhave taken place 【答案】D in the last few years 在过去的几年里，是现在 完成时的标志词；take place 发生，无被动语态。故选 D。,(,)3.This is No.9 Middle School.Its door _every,day af
18、ter school.(2012 年广东茂名) Awas closed Bis closed Cclose,(,)4.Its said a pianist will perform at Poly Theater on,Friday evening.Is it Lang Lang? Yes, it _ him.He _ for a week.(2012 年广 东深圳),Amust be; has arrived here Cmust be; has been here,Bmaybe; has been here Dmaybe; has arrived here,(,)5._ you _ you
19、r homework?,Not yet.(2012 年广东湛江) ADo; finish BHave; finished CDid; finish DAre; finished,(,)6.Have all the students known that our class will visit,Mountain Tai this afternoon? Yes.Every student _ about it.(2012 年广东肇庆),A.told,Bwas told,Chas told,(,)7.Alan, its late.Why not go to bed?,Jenny hasnt com
20、e back yet.I _ for her.(2011 年广东),A. waited Cam waiting,Bhave waited Dwas waiting,(,)8.Our math teacher _ in our school for 20 years,and he _ here when he was 23 years old.(2011 年广东),A. has taught; has come Ctaught; came,B. taught; comes D. has taught; came,(,)9.People who drink wine _ to drive afte
21、r May,Day.(2011 年广东),Adont allow C. mustnt allow,Bisnt allowed Dmustnt be allowed,【答案】D 题意：五一节之后喝了酒的人不(被)允许开车。 由题意可知应用被动语态，B 项主谓不一致，故选 D。,(,)10.Yesterday evening, I _ along the street when,I suddenly met my maths teacher.(2011 年广东广州),A. walk Cwas walking,Bwalked Dam walking,(,)11.The Chinese Culture
22、 Day _ in New York,City on April 20th, 2011.(2011 年广东佛山) A. celebrated Bis celebrated Cwas celebrated 【答案】C “on April 20th, 2011”表示的是过去时间，celebrate 与 the Chinese Culture Day 构成动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被 动语态。,(,)12.The Guangzhou Tower _ thousands of,tourists since it was open to the public.(2011 年广东佛山) A. attrac
23、ts Battracted Chas attracted,(,)13.When should I hand in my paper?,Your paper must _ as soon as the bell _. (2011 年广东深圳) A. hand in; rings B. hand in; will ring Cbe handed in; will ring D. be handed in; rings,(,)14.The boss made him work 14 hours a day.That means,he _ work 14 hours a day.(2011 年广东梅州
24、),A. was made Cwas making,Bmade Dwas made to,(,)15.Your classroom is very clean.,Yes, it _ every day.(2011 年广东肇庆) A. is cleaned B. cleans Cis cleaning,(,)16.You are too late.The film _ since half an,hour ago.(2011 年广东肇庆),A. has begun,B. has been on,Cbegan,(,)17.Echo _ for half a month.Shell come bac
25、k in,two months.(2011 年广东清远),A. left Chas left,Bleave Dhas been away,语动词要用延续性动词；且由后一句“她将两个月后回来”说 明已经离开，应用现在完成时态。故选 D。,【答案】D,时间状语 for half a month 为一段时间，故谓,(,)18.You are _ on the phone, Mary.,Yes, mum._.(2012 年四川自贡) Awanted; Im coming Bcalled; Im coming Cneeded; Ill come,(,)19.Hello, may I speak to Mr.Smith?,Sorry, he isnt in.He _ the office.(2012 年福建福 州) Ahas been to Bhas gone to Chas been away,(,)20.Your city looks beautiful.,Yes.Many bridges _ last year.(2012 年湖南长沙) Aare built Bbuilt Cwere built 【答案】C 桥是“被建造”，且由 last year 可知动作发生 在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。,