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1、主谓一致 要点精讲,江宁区汤山中学 秦 圣 军,“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。 “主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。 在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则: 语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。,1. 由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，一个人的双重身份或匹配出现的事物时谓语动词为单数，由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。 The worker and writer is f
2、rom Wuhan. (那个工人兼作家) The worker and the writer are from Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家),常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有： the needle and thread 针线 salt and water盐和水 the folk and knife 刀叉 iron and steel 钢铁 time and tide 岁月 (时间和潮水),Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.,Both Cathy and her daughter Linda have gone fishin
3、g in Canada.,2. everyone of one of each of either of +复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 Each of the students has a book.,3. 表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时，谓语用单数。 Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.,4. Every and (every), each and (each) , no and (no) , many a and (many a) 连接两个 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 Every desk an
4、d every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.,5. 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, majority, crew, audience, public, government, group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。 His family is in Harbin. His family are music lovers.,This class consists o
5、f 45 students. Mr. Green teaches it This class are all diligent. Mr. Green teaches them.,The team is the best in the league 这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The football team are having baths 足球队队员们在洗澡。,1His family _ a small one 2His family _ fat and short A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is,此题应选C。family是一个集合名词
6、，具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。,但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法： 1. 有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing衣服，poetry 诗歌，baggageluggage 行李，furniture家俱，scenery 景色等。 2. 有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。,6. all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good. 7. “half / most / en
7、ough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty / 分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词”作主语,谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。,Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea. Over twenty percent of the city was destroyed in the war. Forty-five percent of the d
8、octors were woman.,8.由or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词在单复数上保持一致就近原则。 Not only he but also I am invited. Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress. 9. 由there be引导的句子，当主语不是 一个时，谓语动词通常与最近的主语 一致。,Not only I but Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination aft
9、er another. (89) A. is B. are C. am D. be,析: 由“or, eitheror, neithernor, notbut, not only but also”连接两个并列主语时，动词与靠近的主语保持一致。,B,10. 主语后跟 “with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / no more than / besides / rather than +名词”结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher
10、 with a number of students is in the classroom.,A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered,谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?,We Chinese _ a hard-working people A. is B. are C. is being D. are being,此题应选B。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不
11、是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。,注意以下类似例子： These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim The planets were the object of his study The most important thing I need is books The countrys leading export is watches The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies,1. _ you or he the
12、teacher of English? 2. Neither my sister nor my mother _ present at the meeting. A. Are, was B. Is, were C. Are, are D. Is, is,A,When and where to build the new factory_ yet. (91) A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided,析: 当when和where加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。,A,I, not
13、 you, _ in the wrong. Not I but he _ been invited. A. were, have B. were, has C. was, has D. was, have,有否定形式加入时, 动词看肯定形式。,C,every并列使用时，动词取单数。,Every boy and every girl _ that each day and each hour brings _ duty. A. know, their B. knows, their C. knows, its D. know, its,B,E-mail, as well as telephone
14、s, _ an important part in daily communication. (99 上海2) A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play,1. One or two days _ enough to see the city A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind A. is B. are C. am D. be,3. Not only I bu
15、t also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another A. is B. are C. am D. be 4. Not the teacher, but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A. is B. are C. am D. be,5. A woman with some children _ soon A. is coming B. are coming C. has come D. have come 6. No one except m
16、y parents _ anything about this。 A. know B. knows C. is known D. are known,7The teacher as well as the students _ the book already A. has read B. have read C. are reading D. is reading 8All but one _ in the accident A. was killed B. were killed C. will be killed D. are killed,9. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 10. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are,