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1、直接引语direct speech,间接引语indirect speech,The shoes are too big for me.,What did he say?,He said the shoes were too big for him.,She said she had been to many countries.,She said she would call on you the next day.,I am good at dancing.,I visited the Great Wall yesterday.,She said she had visited the Gr
2、eat Wall the day before.,She said she was good at dancing.,Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that I looked worried that day.,结论一,直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等相应变化.,直接引语 间接引语 (时态的变化),一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 一般过去时 一般将来时,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去完成时,过去将来时,1、人称的变化,一
3、随 主,二随宾,第三 人称 不变,引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主 句主语的人称保 持一致,引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致,引号内的第三人 称在变间引后人 称不变,She said,“ I like Tennis.”,She said that she liked tennis.,He said to Lily,“ you must get up early.”,He told Lily that she must get up early.,She said to me , “ They want to help him.”,She told me that they
4、wanted to help him.,一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last week,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorrow,the next day,next month,the next
5、 month,here,there,come,go,bring,take,、其他特殊变化,3,1.She said, “I am very happy to help you.“ She said that she was very happy to help you. 2.He said, “I havent seen her today.“ He said that he hadnt seen her that day. 3.The teacher said to us,” The moon moves around the earth”. The teacher said to us t
6、hat the moon moves around the earth. 4.“I dont want to go there with Alice,” said Tom.,Tom said that he didnt want to go there with Alice.,Do you like flowers?,She asked me whether/if I liked flowers?,Where are you going for your holiday?,She asked me where I was going for my holiday.,结论二,直接引语是疑问句，变
7、间接引语时，要从疑问语序变为陈述语序。 直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词if或whether连接。 直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。,1. He asked me, “Do you like playing football?“ He asked me if/whether I liked playing football. 2.He said, “What are you going to do tomorrow?” He asked me what I was going to do the next day. 3. She asked Ja
8、ck, “Will you come here this afternoon?” She asked Jack whether / if he would go there that afternoon. 4. “When will you go back to work?” Mr. Smith asked.,Mr. Smith asked me when I would go back to work.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:,1. 不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the tempe
9、rature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.,2. 经常的习惯： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,3. 历史事件： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said th
10、at World War ended in 1945.,4. 部分情态动词,如must, ought to, used to, had better等： She said to me, “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.,The teacher said, “ The sun is bigger than the earth.”,The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.,特殊: 直接引语若是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变.,He says, “I am
11、very happy.” He said that he was very happy. He says that he is very happy. He said, “The story took place in the 1930s.” He said that the story took place in the 1930s. “Ill let you know as soon as I get the tickets,” he told me. He told me that he would let me know as soon as he got the tickets.,H
12、e said to me, “Have you done your homework?” He asked me if/whether I had done my homework. Mother said, “There are four seasons and twelve months a year.” Mother said that there are four seasons and twelve months a year.,“What do you want, Sara?” Mr. Li asked. Mr. Li asked Sara what she wanted. “Ho
13、w can you see your friends?” Anne said to her brother. Anne asked her brother how could he see his friends.,单句改错（一句一错）,1. He said he has never been to the States.,had,2. It was Saturday that he said that he would go home tomorrow.,the next day,3. Last Monday Lucy said her parents had gone to New Yor
14、k yesterday.,the day before,1. Yang Mei said she liked playing volleyball. “I like playing volleyball,” said Yang Mei. 2. The little boy said a lot of his friends were coming to his home. A lot of my friends are coming to my home,” said the little boy. 3. Tom said he had passed his maths exam. “I pa
15、ssed my maths exam,” said Tom.,间接变直接：陈述句,间接变直接：一般疑问句 & 选择疑问句,The writer asks us if (whether) we think a diary can become our friends. “Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer asks us. 2. Lucy asks me whether I would like the red pen or the blue one. “Would you like the red pen or th
16、e blue one?” Lucy asks me.,间接变直接：特殊疑问句,1. Father asked Jane why she had gone to bed so late the night before. “Why did you go to bed so late last night?” Father asked Jane. 2. Jim asked as where we had been during the holidays. “Where have you been during the holidays?” Jim asked us.,注意特殊疑问词不变！,实战演练
17、,1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”,2.He said , “I havent heard from him since May.”,He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.,He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.,4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me.,The teacher asked me why I was late again
18、.,Sarah said she didnt like swimming.,5. “I dont like swimming,” said Sarah.,3.Tom said “I will see you next week.”,Tom said that he would see me the next week.,The teacher said，“Dont be late，Mary. ” The teacher told _. A. Mary not to be late B. Mary to be not late C. Mary are not late D. not to be
19、late,巩固提高,间接引语的形成步骤：,分清句式 人称的变化 考虑时态变化 考虑状语和代词的变化,summary,直接引语为一般疑问句时, Whether与or联用 ，但if 不能,直接引语 间接引语 (时态的变化),一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 一般过去时 一般将来时,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去完成时,过去将来时,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last
20、week,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorrow,the next day,next month,the next month,here,there,come,go,bring,take,、其他特殊变化,3,1、人称的变化,一 随 主,二随宾,第三 人称 不变,引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主 句主语的人称保 持一致,引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致,引号内的第三人 称在变间引后人 称不变,She said,“ I lik
21、e Tennis.”,She said that she liked tennis.,He said to Lily,“ you must get up early.”,He told Lily that she must get up early.,She said to me , “ They want to help him.”,She told me that they wanted to help him.,一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新,祈使句,直引：主语+动词+“祈使句” 间引：主语+动词+to Verb eg The teacher said to me, “Come in .
22、” -The teacher told me to go in 。 John said to me , “Please shut the window。” -John asked me to shut the window。 The teacher said to me, “ Dont be late again.” -The teacher advised me not to be late again.,特别提醒,1.祈使句变为间接引语，主要使用动词不定式。 2.谓语动词要做一定变化。 表示命令，用tell，order，command等。 表示请求，用ask，beg，request等。 表
23、示忠告，用 advise。,Open the window.,Direct speech,Indirect speech,Miss Hu told * to open the window.,Will you please open the window?,Miss Hu asked * to open the window.,told,to,asked,to,Dont open the window.,Miss Hu told * not to open the window.,not,“Write a letter to your parents.” “Dont play games in
24、 the classroom.” “Can you pass on the book to Tom?” “Will you please not smoke here?”,The teacher told me to write a letter .,The teacher ordered me not to play games .,The teacher asked me to pass on ,The teacher asked me not to smoke there.,Try to do this:,“It is a fine day. Lets go to the country
25、 for a picnic.” Peter said to me.,Peter said that it was a fine day and asked me to go to the country for a picnic with him.,Peter told me that it was a fine day and let us go to the country for a picnic.,感叹句,直引：主语+动词+“感叹句” 间引：主语+动词+陈述句 e.g. He said, “ what a fine day it is !” He said , “ How fine t
26、he day is !” He said what a fine day it was . He said how fine the day was . He exclaimed that it was a fine day.,特别提醒,1. 间接感叹句的动词应该是cry 或exclaim 。 2.可以仍用what，how 等词，语序不变，也可以用that 从句，把动词 say 改为cry，shout，exclaim 等。,1.He said to Tom, “Dont do the work any more.”,He told Tom not to do the work any more
27、.,Practice,2.Mrs. Green said, “Please sing us a song, Miss White.” 3. “Be quiet, children.” said Mrs. Wilson.,Mrs. Green asked Miss White to sing them a song.,Mrs. Wilson told the children to be quiet.,4. All the people cried, “What magnificent clothes these are!”,All the people cried what magnificent clothes those were.,