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1、状语从句,状语时用来修饰 词， 词， 词或 的一种句子成分。它可以表示时间、地点、 原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式等。 当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，也就是状语从 句。分类如下：,动,形容,副,句子,什么是状语？,状语从句,1. 时间状语从句,2. 地点状语从句,3. 原因状语从句,4. 条件状语从句,5. 让步状语从句,6. 目的状语从句,7. 结果状语从句,8. 方式状语从句,9. 比较状语从句,1.时间状语从句,引导词可分为两部分,as while when whenever before after until (till) since as soon as,every ti
2、me next time the first/time the moment the minute/ instantly immediately directly (一就),as引导的时间状语从句, 可以表达“正当”， “一 边一边”，“随着”等意思。,1. 表示某事一发生，另一事立即发生。 As the sun rose, the fog disappeared.,2. 表示在某事发生的过程中，另一事发生。 Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion.,3. 表示两个动作同时发生。 Helen sang a song as she w
3、ashed.,4. 表示“随着”.常指一个行为是另一个行为的结果，或一种状态随另一种状态变化。句中的动词多表示状态的发展变化。As she grew older, she became more beautiful.,1. as, while , when的区别,while:持续性动词 进行时,一般或现在情况 将来情况V一般现在时或现在进行时 过去情况,e.g. I like listening to music while I am doing my homework.,e.g. Im going to the post office. - While you are there, can
4、you get some stamps for me?,e.g. I hurt my should while I was doing gym.,While I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend. ( while=_) While I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. ( while =_ ) While there is life there is hope. (while = _ ) He likes pop music, while I am
5、fond of folk music.,when,although,as long as,While 在句中的不同含义:,when: 持续性非持续性动词都可,当时 正在忽然,e.g. When I first saw her, I fell in love with her. -When did you get home? -It was eight oclock when I got home.,They were walking down the street when they saw an accident. 2) I was about to go swimming when our
6、 guide stopped me.,尽管虽然鉴于如果届时,e.g. He walks when he might take a taxi. The Queen will visit the town in May, when she will open the new hospital. How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? How could I live in Los Angeles when all my favorite people live here?,虽然,届时,如果,鉴于, 既然,when 还有一些较为
7、灵活的翻译:,before引导的时间状语从句, before引导的时间状语从句，常译为“在之前”， 表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。,We clean the classroom before we leave school every day.,It will not be long before you regret for what youve done. 不久你就会为你的所作所为后悔的。,after引导的时间状语从句, after引导的时间状语从句，常译为“在之后”， 表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。,After you use plastic bags, you mustnt
8、 throw them about. 用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。,since引导的时间状语从句, since引导的时间状语从句，常译为“自从”， 主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。,例句翻译：我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。,We havent seen each other since we parted.,常用句型：It has been (is) + 时间段 + since从句 “自从有多长时间了 ”,例句翻译：自从她大学毕业已经有六年时间了。,It has been (is) six years since she graduated from the university.
9、,until/ till引导的时间状语从句, until / till 引导的时间状语从句，常译为“直到时”， 表示主句动作发生在从句之前。,当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式。,例句：我会待在这里，直到你回来。,Ill stay here until you come back.,当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时, 主句常用否定形式。 not until“直到才”，这时until 可用before替换。,He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.,例句：他直到做完作业才睡觉。,as soon as引导的时间状语从句, as
10、soon as 引导的时间状语从句，译为“一就”， 表示从句动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。,例句：他一回来我就告诉他这件事。,I will tell him about it as soon as he comes back.,相当于as soon as 用法的词或短语还有：immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant等.,Ill give him your message the minute he arrives.,Directly I had done it, I knew I had ma
11、de a mistake.,名词短语引导的时间状语从句, the moment, the minute, the instant, the time, the hour, the day, by the time, each time, every time, next time, any time等 也可以引导时间状语从句。,I thought her nice and honest the first time I saw her.,By the time you arrived, the lecture had already ended.,By the time he comes, w
12、e will already have left.,1. When every time I was in trouble, he would come to help me. 2. At next time you come, do remember bring your son here. 3. For the first time I met the girl. I felt in love with her. 4. You are welcome to come back at any time you want to. 5. At the last time she saw Jame
13、s, he was lying in bed. 语法规则：,every time,each time,next time,the first time,any time 等名词短语引导状语从句不加介词。,考点:名词短语引导时间状语从句,其他连词引导的时间状语从句, no sooner than, hardly/ scarcely/ barelywhen引导 时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。 当no sooner, hardly/ scarcely/ barely位于句首时，主句要 用部分倒装。,I had no sooner begun to talk than he ran
14、g off. No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off. 我还未来得及讲话，他就挂断了电话。,1. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone. A. while B. after C. in case D. the minute 2. How long do you think it will take _ our product becomes popular with the consumers A. when B. unt
15、il C. before D. since 3. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. since C. As D. While 4. He was halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while,地点状语从句用连接副词 where或wherever (在任何地方) 引导。,e.g. a. Just stay where you are. b. Where there is a will
16、, there is a way. c. You can sit wherever you like. d. Wherever you go, Ill be right here waiting for you.,When he reads a book, his habit is to make a mark _ the meaning is unclear to him. A. there B. wherever C. the place D. in which,2. 地点状语从句,原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句 常用的连接词是：because, as,
17、since, now that, for,和considering that, seeing that 这七个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱。,e.g. He didnt come to school because he was ill.,c.f. He might be ill, for he didnt come to school.,表示“直接”原因。,表示“间接的推断”原因. 不可出现在句首。,3. 原因状语从句,because, since, as, for的区别:,because直接原因，非推断语气最强 回答why的问题。 since 通常放句首译为“既然” a
18、s 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱。 for 放句中，引导后半句表原因, 或补充推断 的理由。,1. I danced in front of the people _ I liked it. 2. Youd better wear strong shoes _ well do a lot of walking. 3. _ he was not well, I decided to go without him. 4. _ everybody know about it, I dont want to talk any more. 5. He must be ill, _ he is absent
19、Today. 6. Some people believe that _ oil is running out, the fate of the motor industry is uncertain.,because,as,As,Since,for,since,条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。,条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if, unless (除非), as / so long as (只要), on condition (只要), once ( 一旦), in case (假使) , providing / pro
20、vided (that) 等。,e.g. a.Well come over to see you on Saturday if we have time. b. We should serve the people as / so long as we live.,4. 条件状语从句,1. We will be able to get there on time, _ our car doesnt break down on the road. as soon as B. as far as C. as long as D. as well as 2. In time of serious a
21、ccidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. whether B. until C. if D. unless 3. _ you have tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is. A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When,_ you touch an English person, you should say “sorry”. _ they are dirty, certain seas are n
22、ot able to clean themselves. _ we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty. You can be allowed to play the game _ you finish your homework first. Dont touch anything _ your teacher tells you to.,If,Once,As long as,on condition that,unless,在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语 从句。常用引导词：though, a
23、lthough, even if, even though, no matter + 疑问词(what/ who/ where/ when/ which/ how) 疑问词-ever (whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever),特殊引导词： as (用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)， while ( 一般用在句首 )， whether or , whether () or not,5. 让步状语从句,though, although, 判断以下句子是否正确： Although he is rich, but he is
24、not happy. Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.,要点归纳： though, although当“虽然”讲, 都不能和 but 连用. 但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用.,ever if, even though,even if 和 even though 表示“ ”,即使,Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.,as引导让步状语从句,a
25、s 引导的让步状语从句，必须将从句中的 、 、 以及谓语中的 提前至从句句首，作表语的单数 可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需 。,表语,状语,实意动词,省略,Though he works hard, he makes little progress.,Hard as/though he works, he makes little progress.,Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.,Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do
26、.,Though you may object, Ill go.,Object as you may, Ill go.,whether or , whether () or not,whether or , whether or not 表示“不论是否”， “不管是还是”。其引导的从句旨在说明正反两 方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。,Whether you believe it or not, it is true.,Youll have to attend the party whether you are free or busy.,while 也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”
27、，语气比 though/ although弱。其引导的从句一般位于 。,句首,例句：我尽管喜欢它的颜色，但不喜欢它的形状。,While I like its color, I dont like its shape.,no matter + 疑问词 疑问词-ever,No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind.,替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no ma
28、tter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however,判断正误： No matter what you say is of no use now. Whatever you say is of no use now.,归纳： no matter+疑问词不能引导主语从句和宾语从句， 而 “疑问词+ever”则可以,_ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. since C. Before D.
29、 Unless 2. The workers are determined to go through with their railway project, _ the expenses have risen. A. as long as B. even though C. now that D. as though 3. I really want the match, however much _. A. does it cost B. costs it C. will it cost D. it costs,4. _ we have finished the course, we sh
30、all start doing more revision work. A. For now B. Now that C. By now D. until 5. _, the idea of having to work under a woman defeated him. A. Wanting the job very much B. Although wanting the job badly C. Though he wanted the job very much D. He wanted the job badly,引导目的状语从句的连词:,in order that ,用于正式文
31、体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。,so that,a. 较常用，一般用于主句后,有时可分开，so 有时可省; 从句中要有情态动词, 否则, 就成为下一种句型：,b. 无情态动词则引导结果状语从句。,for fear that; in case; lest (以免)等。,6. 目的状语从句,e.g. a. Well sit nearer the front so that we can hear better. b. I shall write it down lest I should forget.,注意：当从句与主句的主语一致时，可用 so as to do 或 in order to do
32、 ,e.g. He ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten oclock. ,He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten oclock.,结果状语从句常位于主句之后，由 so, so that, such that; so that 等引导。,a. So quickly did he run that I couldnt catch up with him. b. The bus broke down so that we had to walk home. c. She is such
33、a good teacher that everyone admires her. d. He got to the station finally, only to find the train had left.,7. 结果状语从句,描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导: as, just as, as if, as though, the way (that), in the way (that)等。,a. We must do as the Party tells us. b. Leave the things as they are. c. Most plan
34、ts need sunlight just as they need water. d. It sounds as if it is raining. e. They did it in a way that I had never seen before. 他们以我从没见过的方式行事。 f. As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水,8. 方式状语从句,比较状语从句常由下列词语引导： as as, not so / as as, morethan, less than, the more + adj. / adv., th
35、e more + adj. / adv.,a. He is not so / as healthy as his brother. b. They jumped up and down as hard as they could. c. John is less clever than Peter. d. The busier he is, the happier he feels. e. The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be. f. Send for a doctor as soon as (it is ) possible
36、.,9. 比较状语从句,Roses need special care _ they can live through winter. A. because B. so that C. even if D. as 2. If things are left _ they are, the problems will never be settled, Im afraid. A. how B. as C. what D. where 3. Careful surveys have pointed out that as many as 50 percent of the patients do
37、not take drugs _ directed. A. like B. so C. which D. as 4. I dare not go there _ my parents will see me. A. in case of B. for fear of C. in order that D. for fear that, 注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where和as为例，能引导多种从句。 You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句） Tell me the address whe
38、re he lives. （定语从句，句中有先行词） I dont know where he came from.（宾语从句） Where he has gone is not known yet. （主语从句） This place is where they once hid. （表语从句）,“as” 用于不同的状语从句中 1. She sang as she worked. 2. Smart as he is ,he doesnt study hard. 3. You must try to do as I did. 4. She doesnt do her work as caref
39、ully as I. 5. As she was late for class, she had to say sorry.,部分状语从句可用省略形式： even if, if , once, while, though, unless, when, as if etc. The flower his friends gave him will die unless (it is) watered every day Even if (I am) invited, I wont go there. Once (you are) caught sleeping in class, youll be punished by your head-teacher . Though (he was) surprised to see us, he gave us a warm welcome. She wont speak to anyone unless (she is) asked to. When (it is) compared with the old one, our new house is really like a palace. These young man volunteered to go wherever (they are) needed.,