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1、经济学基本词汇汇编Aaccountingcost会计成本accountingprofit会计利润adverseselection逆向选择allocationofresources资源配置allocativeefficiency配置效率antitrustlegislation反托拉斯法Elasticity弹性Arrowsimpossibilitytheorem阿罗不可能定理asymetricinformation非对称性信息averageproductofcapital资本平均产量averageproductoflabour劳动平均产量variablecost平均可变成本Bbarrierstoe
2、ntry进入壁垒bilateralmonopoly双边垄断blisspoint极乐点boundarypoint边界点breakevenpoint收支相抵点budgetconstraint预算约束budgetset预算集Ccapitalstock资本存量capitaloutputratio资本产出比率Chamberlinmodel张伯伦模型choice选择Coasetheorem科斯定理Cobb-Douglasproductionfunction柯布-道格拉斯生产函数cobwebmodel蛛网模型collectivebargaining集体协议工资collusion合谋commandeconom
3、y指令经济commoditycombination商品组合commodityspace商品空间commonproperty公用财产compensationprinciples补偿原则competitivemarket竞争性市场complementgoods互补品completeinformation完全信息completeness完备性conditionforefficiencyinexchange交换的最优条件conditionforefficiencyinproduction生产的最优条件constantreturnstoscale规模报酬不变constraints约束consumerpr
4、eference消费者偏好consumersurplus消费者剩余consumptionbundle消费束consumptioncombination消费组合consumptionpossibilitycurve消费可能曲线consumptionset消费集consumptionspace消费空间continuity连续性contractcurve契约曲线costminimization成本极小化Cournotequilibrium古诺均衡Cournotmodel古诺模型Cross-priceelasticity交*价格弹性Ddead-weightsloss重负损失decreasingcost
5、industry成本递减产业decreasingreturnstoscale规模报酬递减deduction演绎法demandelasticity需求弹性derivedemand派生需求differentiatedgood差异商品differentiatedoligoply差异寡头diminishingmarginalsubstitution边际替代率递减diminishingmarginalreturn收益递减diminishingmarginalutility边际效用递减directtaxes直接税discounting贴税、折扣diseconomiesofscale规模不经济visiono
6、flabour劳动分工duoupoly双头垄断、双寡duality对偶durablegoods耐用品dynamicanalysis动态分析dynamicmodels动态模型EEconomicagents经济行为者economiccost经济成本economicefficiency经济效率economicgoods经济物品economicman经济人economicmode经济模型economicprofit经济利润economicregionofproduction生产的经济区域economicregulation经济调节economicrent经济租金exchange交换exchangeef
7、ficiency交换效率exchangecontractcurve交换契约曲线economyofscale规模经济Edgeworthboxdiagram埃奇沃思图exclusion排斥性、排他性Edgeworthcontractcurve埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworthmodel埃奇沃思模型efficiency效率，效益efficiencyparameter效率参数elasticity弹性elasticityofsubstitution替代弹性endogenousvariable内生变量endowment禀赋endowmentofresources资源禀赋Engelcurve恩格尔曲线entr
8、epreneurship企业家才能entrybarriers进入壁垒entry/exitdecision进出决策envolopecurve包络线equilibrium均衡equilibriumcondition均衡条件equilibriumprice均衡价格equilibriumquantity均衡产量eqity公平equivalentvariationinincome收入等价变量excess-capacitytheorem过度生产能力定理excesssupply过度供给exchange交换exclusion排斥性、排他性exclusionprinciple排他性原则existence存在性e
9、xistenceofgeneralequilibrium总体均衡的存在性exogenousvariables外生变量expansionpaths扩展径expectation期望expectedutility期望效用expectedvalue期望值explicitcost显性成本externalbenefit外部收益externalcost外部成本externaleconomy外部经济externaldiseconomy外部不经济externalities外部性Ffactordemand要素需求factormarket要素市场factorsofproduction生产要素factorsubsti
10、tution要素替代fallacyofcomposition合成谬误finalgoods最终产品first-degreepricediscrimination第一级价格歧视first-ordercondition一阶条件fixedcosts固定成本fixedinput固定投入fixedproportionsproductionfunction固定比例的生产函数flow流量fluctuation波动forwhomtoproduce为谁生产freeentry自由进入freegoods自由品，免费品freemobilityofresources资源自由流动freerider搭便车function函数
11、futurevalue未来值Ggametheory博弈论generalequilibrium总体均衡generalgoods一般商品Giffengoods吉芬商品GiffensParadox吉芬之谜Ginicoefficient吉尼系数goldenrule黄金规则governmentfailure政府失败governmentregulation政府调控Hheterogeneousproduct异质产品Hicks-kaldorwelfarecriterion希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity齐次性homogeneousdemandfunction齐次需求函数homogeneouspro
12、duct同质产品homogeneousproductionfunction齐次生产函数howtoproduce如何生产humancapital人力资本hypothesis假说Iimperfectcompetion不完全竞争implicitcost隐性成本incomeconstraint收入约束incomeconsumptioncurve收入消费曲线incomedistribution收入分配incomeeffect收入效应incomeelasticityofdemand需求收入弹性increasingcostindustry成本递增产业increasingreturnstoscale规模报酬递
13、增inefficiency缺乏效率indexnumber指数indifference无差异indifferencecurve无差异曲线indifferencemap无差异族indifferencerelation无差异关系indifferenceset无差异集indirectapproach间接法individualanalysis个量分析inducedvariable引致变量inelastic缺乏弹性的inferiorgoods劣品inflectionpoint拐点informationcost信息成本initialcondition初始条件initialendowment初始禀赋innov
14、ation创新input-output投入-产出institution制度institutionaleconomics制度经济学intermediategoods中间产品internatizationofexternalities外部性内部化inversedemandfunction逆需求函数invisiblehand看不见的手isocostline等成本线，isoquantcurve等产量曲线Lleader-followermodel领导者-跟随者模型least-costcombinationofinputs最低成本的投入组合leisure闲暇Leontiefproductionfuncti
15、on列昂节夫生产函数licenses许可证lineardemandfunction线性需求函数longrun长期longrunequilibrium长期均衡Lorenzcurve洛伦兹曲线lossminimization损失极小化1umpsumtax一次性征税Mmarginal边际的marginalbenefit边际收益marginalcost边际成本边际成本为成本变动量除以产量变动量，其代表的是一种变动率，也就是产量增加一单位，所引起的成本变动量；边际成本与变动成本的关系是，当产量为零时，变动成本为零。marginalcostpricing边际成本定价marginalcostoffactor
16、边际要素成本marginalperiod市场期marginalphysicalproductivity实际实物生产率marginalproduct边际产量marginalproductofcapital资本的边际产量marginalproductof1abour劳动的边际产量marginalproductivity边际生产率marginalrateofsubstitution边替代率marginalrateoftransformation边际转换率marginalreturns边际回报marginalrevenue边际收益marginalrevenueproduct边际收益产品marginal
17、revolution边际革命marginalsocialbenefit社会边际收益marginalsocialcost社会边际成本marginalutility边际效用marginalvalueproducts边际价值产品marketclearance市场出清marketfailure市场失败marketmechanism市场机制marketstructure市场结构marketseparation市场分割marketregulation市场调节marketshare市场份额Marshalliandemandfunction马歇尔需求函数maximization极大化minimumwage最低
18、工资misallocationofresources资源误置mixedeconomy混合经济model模型monopolisticcompetition垄断竞争monopolisticexploitation垄断剥削monopoly垄断，卖方垄断monopolyequilibrium垄断均衡monopolypricing垄断定价monopolyregulation垄断调控monopolyrents垄断租金monopsony买方垄断NNashequilibrium纳什均衡Naturalmonopoly自然垄断Naturalresources自然资源netdemand净需求nonexclusion
19、非排斥性nonlinearpricing非线性定价nonrivalry非对抗性nonpricecompetition非价格竞争nonsatiation非饱和性non-zero-sumgame非零和对策normalgoods正常品normalprofit正常利润normativeeconomics规范经济学Oobjectivefunction目标函数oligopoly寡头垄断oligopolymarket寡头市场oligopolymodel寡头模型opportunitycost机会成本optimalchoice最佳选择optimalconsumptionbundle消费束perfectelast
20、icity完全有弹性optimalresourceallocation最佳资源配置optimalscale最佳规模optimalsolution最优解optimization优化orderingofoptimization(social)preference(社会)偏好排序outputelasticity产出弹性outputmaximization产出极大化PParetocriterion帕累托标准Paretoefficiency帕累托效率Paretoimprovement帕累托改进Paretooptimality帕累托优化Paretoset帕累托集payoffmatrix收益矩阵、支付矩阵p
21、erfectcompetition完全竞争perfectcomplement完全互补品perfectmonopoly完全垄断perfectpricediscrimination完全价格歧视perfectsubstitution完全替代品perfectinelasticity完全无弹性perfectlyelastic完全有弹性perfectlyinelastic完全无弹性plantsize工厂规模pointelasticity点弹性positiveeconomics实证经济学postHocFallacy后此谬误prediction预测preference偏好preferencerelation偏
22、好关系presentvalue现值priceadjustmentmodel价格调整模型priceceiling最高限价priceconsumptioncurve价格费曲线pricecontrol价格管制pricedifference价格差别pricediscrimination价格歧视priceelasticityofdemand需求价格弹性priceelasticityofsupply供给价格弹性pricefloor最低限价pricemaker价格制定者pricerigidity价格刚性priceseeker价格搜求者pricetaker价格接受者pricetax从价税privatebene
23、fit私人收益principal-agentissues委托-代理问题privatecost私人成本privategoods私人用品privateproperty私人财产producerequilibrium生产者均衡producertheory生产者理论producttransformationcurve产品转换曲线productdifferentiation产品差异productgroup产品集团productioncontractcurve生产契约曲线productionefficiency生产效率productionfunction生产函数productionpossibilitycu
24、rve生产可能性曲线productivity生产率productivityofcapital资本生产率productivityoflabor劳动生产率profitfunction利润函数profitmaximization利润极大化propertyrights产权propertyrightseconomics产权经济学publicbenefits公共收益publicchoice公共选择publicgoods公共商品purecompetition纯粹竞争rivalry对抗性、竞争pureexchange纯交换puremonopoly纯粹垄断Qquantitytax从量税quasi-rent准租金
25、Rrateofproducttransformation产品转换率rationality理性reactionfunction反应函数relativeprice相对价格rent租金rentcontrol规模报酬rentseeking寻租rentseekingeconomics寻租经济学resourceallocation资源配置returnstoscale规模报酬revealedpreference显示性偏好revenue收益revenuecurve收益曲线revenuefunction收益函数revenuemaximization收益极大化risk风险Ssatiation饱和，满足scarci
26、ty稀缺性lawofscarcity稀缺法则second-degreepricediscrimination二级价格歧视service劳务shadowprices影子价格short-run短期short-runcostcurve短期成本曲线short-runequilibrium短期均衡short-runsupplycurve短期供给曲线shutdowndecision关闭决策shortage短缺shutdownpoint关闭点singlepricemonopoly单一定价垄断slope斜率socialbenefit社会收益socialcost社会成本socialindifferencecur
27、ve社会无差异曲线socialpreference社会偏好socialsecurity社会保障socialwelfarefunction社会福利函数staticanalysis静态分析stock存量strategy策略subsidy津贴substitutes替代品substitutioneffect替代效应Sweezymodel斯威齐模型symmetry对称性symmetryofinformation信息对称Ttechnicalefficiency技术效率technologicalconstraints技术约束technologicalprogress技术进步technology技术third
28、-degreepricediscrimination第三级价格歧视totaleffect总效应totalexpenditure总支出traditionaleconomy传统经济transitivity传递性transactioncost交易费用Uuncertainty不确定性uniqueness唯一性unitelasticity单位弹性unstableequilibrium不稳定均衡utilityfunction效用函数utilityindex效用指数utilitymaximization效用极大化utilitypossibilitycurve效用可能性曲线utilitypossibility
29、frontier效用可能性前沿Vvaluejudge价值判断valueofmarginalproduct边际产量价值variablecost可变成本variableinput可变投入variables变量vector向量visiblehand看得见的手vulgureconomics庸俗经济学Wwagerate工资率Walrasgeneralequilibrium瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walrasslaw瓦尔拉斯法则Wants需要Welfarecriterion福利标准Welfareeconomics福利经学Welfarelosstriangle福利损失三角形welfaremaximization福利极大化Zzerocost零成本zeroelasticity零弹性zerohomogeneity零阶齐次性zeroeconomicprofit零利润