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1、Zhengxiang Wei Ph.D. in Philosophy Professor Tsinghua University http:/ 冯友兰著，华东师范大学出版社 2011年版 2、中国哲学简史，冯友兰著，赵复三 译 生活.读书.新知三联书店2009年版 、,Company Logo,参考书目2,3、A History of Chinese Philosophy, Vol.1 & 2, by Yu-lan Fung (Author) , Derk Bodde(Translator)，Princeton University Press (August 1, 1983) 4、 A S
2、hort History of Chinese Philosophy by Yu-lan Fung (Author), Derk Bodde (Editor),Company Logo,Contents,Introduction One Hundred Schools Comfucius , Mencius Lao Tzu, ChuangTzu Xun Tzu, MoTzu, Han Fei 6. The sole dominating position of Confucianism,7. Tung Chung-shu 8. Neo-Taoism 9/10. Buddhism (1) (2)
3、 11. Neo-Confucianism 12. Marxism in China 13. Islam and Christianity in China (TBD),Company Logo,1,2,3,谁？ Who?,学术地位？ Academic status?,追寻幸福？ After happiness?,Company Logo,谁? Who?,1,Company Logo,生活于? Lived?,1.1,Company Logo,庄子与孟子为同时代的人。 约生活于公元前369-286 年，享年约83岁 为何庄孟互相之间无辩 驳？孟子攻击杨、墨？庄 子批评儒墨？,Chuang Tzu
4、 was an contemporary of Mencius. - Probably lived from 369 to 286 B.C.，about 83 years old. - Why is it that Chuang Tzu and Mencius seem never to have debated with each other? Mencius attacked Yang Chu and Mo Tzu? Chuang Tzu criticized Confucians and Mohists?,Company Logo,他们互不相识? Didnt know each othe
5、r?,Company Logo,来自? From where?,1.2,Company Logo,战国时期宋国人，今 河南商丘市民权县 人。宋国也是名家惠 施的故乡，宋国离楚 国较近。 From Sung State, Now in Henan Province, Near Chu,in the Warring states period. Sung was also the hometown of Hui Shih from the School of Names.,Company Logo,生活经历? Life experience?,1.3,Company Logo,楚威王闻庄周贤，使使
6、厚币迎之，许以为相。庄周笑谓楚使者曰：“千金，重利；卿相，尊位也。子独不见郊祭之牺牛乎？养食之数岁，衣以文绣，以入太庙子亟(，急)去，无污我。我宁游戏污渎（d，沟）之中自快，无为有国者所羁（j，约束），终身不仕，以快吾志焉。”,King Wei of Chu, hearing good of Chuang Tzu, sent messengers to him, bearing costly gifts, and inviting him to become Prime Minister. At this Chuang Chou smiled and said to the messenger
7、s: “A thousand taels teil, 两 of gold is valuable indeed, and to be Prime Minister is an honorable position. But have you never seen the sacrificial ox used for the suburban sacrifice? When after being fattened up for several years, it is decked with embroidered trappings and led to the altarBegone!
8、Defile me not! I would rather disport myself to my own enjoyment in the mire than be restricted by the ruler of the state. I will never take office to enjoy my inclinations.,Company Logo,主要作品? Main Works?,1.4,Company Logo,庄子 The Chuang Tzu,Company Logo,学术地位? Academic status?,2,Company Logo,庄子，思想近楚，并
9、受名家影响，善辩。 The Chuang Tzu，its thoughts is close to that of Chu, and infuenced by the School of Names, so is good at dialectics.,想象丰富，情思飘逸。 Display a richness of imagination and freeness of spirit.,自后汉始，他在道家里的学术地位仅次于老子。 Since the later Han, his academic status in Taoism is only next to Lao Tzu,Company
10、 Logo,追寻幸福? After happiness?,3,Company Logo,Way of pursuing happiness: Do not depend on variable things.,幸福之路 无待之乐,Company Logo,什么是道？ What is Tao?,3.1,Company Logo,天地万物所以生之总原理。 The all embracing first principle through which the universe has come into being.,虚（Emptiness）,无形（Formless）,从无形到有形Movement
11、from formless to form,道入具体事物 Tao in particular things,神形的稳定结合 Definite organization of spirit an form,孔子的命与机会？Confucius Fate and Opportunity?,Company Logo,依德为生？ Exist depending on Te?,3.2,Company Logo,德：道与其他具体原则的结合 Te: the combination of Tao and particular principles,Company Logo,水在江为江 Water in sea
12、is called sea,水在河为河 Water in river is called river,道与德之间? Between Tao and Te?,水(water),Company Logo,海鸟三天后死于鲁 A seabird died in Lu in three days.,鲁侯用酒，乐，肉 款待它。The Marquis of Lu gave it a treat of wine, music and meat.,强不齐(1)? Constrain difference to a forced uniformity?,Company Logo,鸭乐于腿短 A duck is h
13、appy when its legs are short as they are.,鹤乐于腿长 A crane is happy when its legs are long as they are.,强不齐(2)? Constrain difference to a forced uniformity?,Company Logo,悦耳的音乐使鸟飞鱼沉 Sweet music makes birds fly off and fish dive below. (frightened),汉朝王昭君沉鱼落雁之美 Wang Zhaojun in the Han dynasty was so prett
14、y that fish dived below and wild gooses fell off. (shied away),强不齐(3)? Constrain difference to a forced uniformity?,Company Logo,人生如梦 Life is like a dream,庄周梦蝶 Chuang Chou dreamed a butterfly,真与假? True or false?,Company Logo,小人之心度君子之腹 An Inferior Man judges the motive of a Superior Man with his own
15、motive,君子之心度小人之腹 A Superior Man judges the motive of an Inferior Man with his own motive,误解? Misunderstand?,此成语同理（likewise，the idiom is also applicable),Company Logo,心虚而得极乐？ Bliss from the Emptiness of mind?,3.3,Company Logo,无所待之乐 happiness without depending on material things,道的本质 （the essence of T
16、ao）,随道（following Tao）,或坐忘 (sitting in the forgetful),感受道与自我的伟大 feeling the greatness of Tao and oneself,植物神经系统的合理运转，身体内部和谐， 阴阳平衡 proper function of neuro vegetative system, internal harmony, and the balance of Yin and Yang,Company Logo,悟道而得永生？ Become immortal through the enlightenment of Tao?,3.4,Co
17、mpany Logo,转换,Eternal movement,Transformation,Construction and destruction,Death is another form of existence,成与毁,齐生死,道(Tao),恒动,万物均有其价值与所乐Everything has its own value and happiness,庄子妻死，鼓盆而歌 When Chuang Tzus wife died, he sang, beating time on a bowl.,Company Logo,影响如何? How influential?,3.5,Company
18、Logo,庄子的幸福观对中国民众、知识分子和失意官员的影响比较大。庄子的无分的社会理想未能实现，但他的观点可以作为一种个人哲学来加以应用，使人能够通过悟道来超脱痛苦和获得一种精神上的极乐。个人通过隐而能创造一个自我的生存环境。关起门来，自己独坐，自己一个人组成自己的世界，自己是纯净的，自己的世界就是纯净的了。他的思想为佛教在中国的立足提供了土壤。,Company Logo,Chuang Tzus views on happiness had great influence on the common people, intellectuals, and failed officials of
19、traditional China. His ideal society without discrimination can not be realized, but his views can be used as a personal philosophy, which can help a person escape from spiritual pain and get a spiritual bliss. One can create his pure world through freeing himself from the world. Closing his door, s
20、itting alone, one can have a own world formed by himself. If he is pure, his world is pure. His ideas provided fertile soil for the transformation of Buddhism in traditional China.,Company Logo,追寻幸福？ After happiness?,庄子的幸福观回顾 (Review of Chuang Tzus Views on Happiness ),学术地位？ Academic status?,谁？ Who?
21、,3.1 什么是道？ 3.2 依德为生？ 3.3 心虚而得极乐? 3.4 悟道而得永生？ 3.5 影响如何？ 3.1 What is Tao? 3.2 Exist depending on Te? 3.3 Bliss from the emptiness of mind? 3.4 Become immortal through the enlightenment of Tao? 3.5 How influential?,1,2,3,1.1 生活于？ 1.2 来自？ 1.3 生活经历？ 1.4 主要作品？ 1.1 Lived? 1.2 From where? 1.3 Life experience? 1.4 Main works?,Company Logo,