《废水处理流程设计及原理WastewaterTreatmentProcess.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《废水处理流程设计及原理WastewaterTreatmentProcess.ppt（39页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、Wastewater Treatment,Primary treatment Secondary treatment Tertiary treatment - N, P Advanced treatment Design of sedimentation basin ; overflow rate,Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science , G.M. Masters & W.P. Ela, 2008,Chemical Treatment, : ; 2 - : Al2(SO4)318H2O, Al2(SO4)3 14H2O -
2、(III) : FeCl3 - (III) : Fe2(SO4)3, Fe2(SO4)3 3H2O - (II) : FeSO4 7H2O - : Ca(OH)2, ,Activated sludge process (biological aeration), , (Activated Sludge Process), , ,Trickling filter,Rotating biological contactor,Sludge treatment 2% of the orginal volume, 97% water,Water Treatment Process (Drinking w
3、ater production), Screening 1. Mixing : Rapid Mixing 2. Coagulation, Alum (Al2(SO4)3 18 H2O), Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3 3. Flocculation 4. Sedimentation, Sludge Processing 5. Filtration, Sand, Activated Carbon 6. Disinfection, Cl2, NaOCl, Ca(OCl)2, O3,prechlorination,Raw water,Rapid mixing coagulation,floccul
4、ation,Conventional water treatment process?,Sedimentation,filtration,disinfection,postchlorination,Conventional water treatment process? ?, , ,Water Treatment Process?,Coagulation - destabilize the colloidal particles & to overcome the negative charge of particles with chemical addition Flocculation
5、 - gently mix the destabilized particles to promote interparticle collisions in order to achieve particle growth,Drinking Water Standard, , , WHO . WHO (, , ) .,Drinking Water Standard, (Drinking water standard (disinfection), , , ,(HPC), (Total Coliforms), , (Residual Chrorine),100CFU/mL (1mL 100 )
6、,ND/100mL (100 mL ),0.2 mg/L ( 1.5 mg/L),0.4 mg/L ( ), (Turbidity),1 NTU 0.5 NTU (2001 7 1), (Fecal Coliforms),(E.coli),ND/100mL (100 mL ),ND/100mL (100 mL ), (Disinfection byproducts),THMs () and Other Halogenated DBPs,Factors ( ),pH time () temperature (, ) organics ( ) chlorine does ( ) bromide (
7、),HOCl + Br- + NOM,Commonly Identified disinfection by-products,Chlorination,Chlorine dioxide,Ozonation,Trihalomethanes,Haloacetic acids,Haloacetonitriles,Haloketones,Chloropicrin,Chloral hydrate,Cyanogen Chloride,Chlorophenols,N-organochloramines,Chlorine dioxde,Chlorite,Chlorate,Aldehydes,Organic
8、acids,Ketones,Epoxides,Quinones,Chlorate,Bromate,Iodate,Disinfection :,Byproducts :,Disinfection byproducts,THMs(Trihalomethanes),HANs(Haloacetonitriles),Bromoform, THMs DBPs Fomula,Haloacetic acids,Haloacetonitriles,Disinfection and Disinfection byproducts,Risk, : , ( ) (Option), , ,Membrane Techno
9、logy for the Separation: Classification,26,Water shortage problem,Water shortage population : 1.1 bilions in 2005 and 3 bilions in 2025 WHO reports that 3.4 million per year are killed by waterborne disease.(2005),www.roplant.org,27,Better to use seawater? How?,How to solve water scarcity?,UNESCO, 2
10、009,RO membrane for desalination,Seawater desalination (Using RO membrane),MSF (Multistage flush) Process,RO (Reverse Osmosis) Process,Introduction,28,Philippe et al., 2009,Distribution of desalination production capacity by process technology for the world,In 1999 approximately 78% of the worlds se
11、awater desalination capacity was made up of MSF plants while RO represented 10%,RO (Reverse Osmosis) Process : low energy, low construction cost, simple process,29,91,96,99,01,MSF desalination,Groundwater purification,Waste water reuse,Water price using membrane processes,A worldwide water price,Dec
12、rease of water price by Membrane and process technologies,Seawater desalination (Using RO membrane),Won/m3,Toray co., 2007,Khedr et al., 2000,Major components of membrane fouling,- Salt precipitation - Colloidal particulates - Organics - Microorganisms,Biofouling + organic fouling : 58%,Biofouling c
13、auses : - Declining membrane flux - Increasing energy requirements - Elevating salt passage - Membrane biodegradation,Vrouuwenvelder et al., 2003,30,31,Total Configuration of desalination plant,CO2,Cl2,RO process,Post-treatment process,NaHCO3,Pretreatment process,Point of measuring SDI/MFI,SEA WATER
14、,32,MF/UF materials : Cellulose acetate (CA), Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Polypropylene (PP), Polysulfone (PS), Polyethersulfone (PES) RO/NF materials : Cellulose acetate (CA), Polyamide (PA),Membrane materials,33,Manufacturing of composite polyamide membrane,*MPD : meta
15、phenylenediamine *TMC : trimesoyl chloride,Polysulfone casting,Membrane casting,Standard commercial TMC/MPD polyamide membrane,Seperation systemstechnology, inc., 1999,Hybrid Membrane Processes,Chemical floc formed and recovered by MF or UF Natural organic matter (NOM) from raw water Powdered adsorb
16、ents in MF/UF circuit Trace organics (POPs) from water,Chemically Assisted Membranes,Sorbents + Membranes,Membrane Bioreactors,Bioreactor with MF or UF membranes Biodegradable organics from wastewater,Where hybrid systems fit- Membranes for Water & Wastewater,Sea water Surface Water Secondary Effluent,(MF) +RO,MF/UForNF,MF + RO,AOT,Water Production,Domestic & Industrial use,Hybrid Systems,MBR (Membrane Coupled Biological System ),Principle of MBR?, ,MBR ,(MF) / (UF), ,(), (MBR), , ,Water reuse process ,1 ,1 ,2 ,