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1、U3,Additional lnformation for the Teachers Reference,Text The Ant and the grasshopper,Warm-up Activities,Further Reading,Speaking Skills,Additional Work,Warm-up Activities,Warm-up 1,1. The teacher may divide students into five or six groups and ask them to introduce any fable that they have heard of
2、 to their group members. 2. Introduce to the students the fable The Ant and the Grasshopper and invite comments on the ant and grasshopper in the fable. To which party does your sympathy go?,In a field one summers day a Grasshopper was hopping about, chirping and singing to its hearts content. An An
3、t passed by, bearing along with great toil an ear of corn he was taking to the nest.,“Why not come and chat with me”, said the Grasshopper, “instead of toiling and moiling in that way?” “Jam helping to lay up food for the winter”, said the Ant, “and recommend you to do the same”. “Why bother about w
4、inter?” said the Grasshopper, “we have got plenty of food at present.” But the Ant went on its way and continued its toil. When the winter came the Grasshopper had no food and found itself dying of hunger, while it saw the ants distributing, every day, corn from the stores they had collected in the
5、summer. Then the Grasshopper knew: It is best to prepare for the days of necessity.,Warm-up 2,Somerset Maugham was a famous English novelist, short-story writer, playwright and critic. He was born in Paris and educated at Kings School, Canterbury, and at Heidelberg. In World War I, he served as a se
6、cret agent. He qualified in 1897 as a doctor from St. Thomas medical school but abandoned medicine after the success of his first novels and plays. His players are no longer popular, and his fame rests on his many short stories and four of his novels: Of Human Bondage (1915), The Moon and Sixpence (
7、1919), Cakes and Ale (1930) and The Razors Edge (1944). These reveal a cynical but sometimes compassionate view of humanity.,AIFTTR1,Additional lnformation for the Teachers Reference,1. Somerset Maugham,AIFTTR2,2. La Fontaine,La Fontaine was a French writer , remembered especially for his Fables (16
8、68 - 1694), moral tales drawn from AESOP and oriental sources which he used to comment satirically on contemporary society.,AIFTTR3,3. Monte Carlo,Monte Carlo is a town in the independent principality of Monaco, on the Mediterranean coast known as the French Riviera. It is an international resort wi
9、th a gambling casino, a yacht harbor and an annual automobile rally and the Monaco Grand Prix car race.,Text,The Ant and the Grasshopper,Notes,Introduction to the Author and the Article,Phrases and Expressions,Exercises,Main Idea of the Text,MIOTT1,Main Idea of the Text,In this short story, Somerset
10、 Maugham, by describing two brothers attitudes toward life, examines the nature and inconsistent qualities of human beings. George was a hard-working and respectable man with a decent job as a lawyer. He was also a faithful husband and loving father to four daughters. He believed that the industry s
11、hould be rewarded and giddiness punished. His brother Tom, however, was an unscrupulous and good-for-nothing scoundrel. He philandered with the prettiest girls, danced, ate in the most expensive restaurants, and dressed beautifully. He borrowed money from relatives and friends. At the beginning, he
12、fooled George,MIOTT2,by making empty promises repeatedly. Later on he even went to such an extreme that he blackmailed his brother. Loading money to his brother, George appeared to be in Toms favor at the first sight. On a second thought, readers can find that George helped his brother only for his
13、own sake. For instance, he gave Tom some money in order that Tom might quit his job as a bartender. By doing so, he saved his face and the good reputation of his family. But unfortunately Tom took advantage of his weakness of vanity over and over again. The story offers a new interpretation of the f
14、able of La Fontaine The Ant and the Grasshopper whose classical teaching is that in an imperfect world industry is rewarded and giddiness punished, and reveals the dual personality of ordinary people.,Introduction to the Author and the article,Introduction to the Author and the Article,William Somer
15、set Maugham (1874 - 1965) was a famous English novelist, short-story writer, playwright and critic. He was born in Paris and educated at Kings School, Canterbury, and at Heidelberg. After qualifying as a medical student he became a successful playwright and novelist. His plays are no longer popular,
16、 and his fame mainly rests on his many short stories and four of his novels, Of Human Bondage (1915); The Moon and Sixpence (1919), Cakes and Ale (1930) and The Razors Edge (1944).,Introduction to the Author and the article2,In this short story, which is chosen from Maughams Collected Short Stories,
17、 Maugham, by describing two brothers attitudes toward life, examines the nature and inconsistent qualities of human beings.,When I was a very small boy I was made to learn by heart certain of the fables of La Fontaine, and the moral of each was carefully explained to me. Among those learned was The
18、Ant and the Grasshopper, which is devised to bring home to the young the useful lesson that in an imperfect world industry is rewarded and giddiness punished. In this admirable fable ( I apologize for telling something which everyone is politely, but inexactly, supposed to know) the ant spends a lab
19、orious summer,Part2_T1,William Somerset Maugham,The Ant and the Grasshopper,Text,Part2_T2,gathering its winter store, while the grasshopper sits on a blade of grass singing to the sun. Winter comes and the ant is comfortably provided for, but the grasshopper has an empty larder, he goes to the ant a
20、nd begs for a little food. Then the ant gives him her classic answer: “What were you doing in the summer time?” “Saving your presence, I sang, I sang all day, all night. ” “You sang. Why, then go and dance.” I do not ascribe it to perversity on my part, but rather to the inconsequence of childhood,
21、which is deficient in moral sense, that I could never quite reconcile myself to the lesson. My,Part2_T3,sympathies were with the grasshopper and for some time I never saw an ant without putting my foot on it. In this summary (and I have discovered since, entirely human) fashion I sought to express m
22、y disapproval of prudence and common-sense. I could not help thinking of this fable when the other day I saw George Ramsay lunching by himself in a restaurant. I never saw anyone wear an expression of such deep gloom. He was staring into space. He looked as though the burden of the whole world sat o
23、n his shoulders. I was sorry for him. I suspected at once that his unfortunate brother had been causing trouble again. I went up to him and held out my hand.,Part2_T4,“How are you?” I asked. “Im not in hilarious spirits,” he answered. “Is it Tom again?” He sighed. “Yes, its Tom again.” “Why dont you
24、 chuck him? Youve done everything in the world for him. You must know by now that hes quite hopeless.” I suppose every family has a black sheep. Tom had been a sore trial to his for twenty years. He had begun life decently enough, he went into business, married and had two children.,Part2_T5,The Ram
25、says were perfectly respectable people and there was every reason to suppose that Tom Ramsay would have a useful and honourable career. But one day, without warning, he announced that he didnt like work and that he wasnt suited for marriage. He wanted to enjoy himself. He would listen to no expostul
26、ations. He left his wife and his office. He had a little money and he spent two happy years in the various capitals of Europe. Rumours of his doings reached his relations from time to time and they were profoundly shocked. He certainly had a very good time. They shook their heads and asked what woul
27、d happen when his money was spent. They soon found out, he borrowed. He was charming,Part2_T6,and unscrupulous. I have never met anyone to whom it was more difficult to refuse a loan. He made a steady income from his friends and he made friends easily. But he always said that the money you spent on
28、necessities was boring; the money that was amusing to spend was the money you spent in luxuries. For this he depended on his brother George. He did not waste his charm on him. George was a serious man and insensible to such enticements. George was respectable. Once or twice he fell to Toms promises
29、of amendment and gave him considerable sums in order that he might make a fresh start. On these Tom bought a motor-car and some very nice jewellery. But when circumstances forced George to realise that his brother would,Part2_T7,never settle down and he washed his hands of him, Tom, without a qualm,
30、 began to blackmail him. It was not very nice for a respectable lawyer to find his brother shaking cocktails behind the bar of his favorite restaurant or to see him waiting on the box-seat of a taxi outside his club. Tom said that to serve in a bar or to drive a taxi was a perfectly decent occupatio
31、n, but if George could oblige him with a couple of hundred pounds, he didnt mind for the honour of the family giving it up. George paid. Once Tom nearly went to prison. George was terribly upset. He went into the whole discreditable affair. Really Tom had gone too far. He had been wild, thoughtless
32、and,Part2_T8,selfish, but he had never before done anything dishonest, by which George meant illegal; and if he were prosecuted he would assuredly be convicted. But you cannot allow your only brother to go to gaol. The man Tom had cheated, a man called Cronshaw, was vindictive. He was determined to
33、take the matter into court; he said Tom was a scoundrel and should be punished. It cost George an infinite deal of trouble and five hundred pounds to settle the affair. I have never seen him in such a rage as when he heard that Tom and Cronshaw had gone off together to Monte Carlo the moment they ca
34、shed the cheque. They spent a happy month there.,For twenty years Tom raced and gambled, philandered with prettiest girls, danced, ate in the most expensive restaurants, and dressed beautifully. He always looked as if he had just stepped out of a bandbox. Though he was forty-six you would never have
35、 taken him for more than thirty-five. He was a most amusing companion and though you knew he was perfectly worthless you could not but enjoy his society. He had high spirits, an unfailing gaiety and incredible charm. I never grudged the contributions he regularly levied on me for the necessities of
36、his existence. I never lent him fifty pounds without feeling that I was in his debt. Tom Ramsay knew everyone and everyone knew Tom Ramsay. You could not approve of him, but you could not help liking him.,Part2_T9,Part2_T10,Poor George, only a year older than his scapegrace brother, looked sixty. He
37、 had never taken more than a fortnights holiday in the year for a quarter of a century. He was in his office every morning at nine-thirty and never left it till six. He was honest, industrious and worthy. He had a good wife, to whom he had never been unfaithful even in thought, and four daughters to
38、 whom he was the best of fathers. He made a point of saving a third of his income and his plan was to retire at fifty-five to a little house in the country where he proposed to cultivate his garden and play golf. His life was blameless. He was glad that he was growing old because Tom was growing old
39、 too. He rubbed his hands and said:,Part2_T11,“It was all very well when Tom was young and good-looking, but hes only a year younger than I am. In four years hell be fifty. He wont find life so easy then. I shall have thirty thousand pounds by the time Im fifty. For twenty-five years Ive said that T
40、om would end in the gutter. And we shall see how he likes that. We shall see if it really pays best to work or be idle.” Poor George! I sympathized with him. I wondered now as I sat down beside him what infamous thing Tom had done. George was evidently very much upset. “Do you know whats happened no
41、w?” he asked me.,I was prepared for the worst. I wondered if Tom had got into the hands of the police at last. George could hardly bring himself to speak. “Youre not going to deny that all my life Ive been hardworking, decent, respectable and straightforward. After a life of industry and thrift I ca
42、n look forward to retiring on a small income in gilt-edged securities. Ive always done my duty in that state of life in which it has pleased Providence to place me.” “True. ” “And you cant deny that Tom has been an idle, worthless, dissolute and dishonourable rogue. If there were any justice hed be
43、in the workhouse.” “True. ”,Part2_T12,George grew red in the face. “A few weeks ago he became engaged to a woman old enough to be his mother. And now shes died and left him everything she had. Half a million pounds, a yacht, a house in London and a house in the country.” George Ramsay beat his clenc
44、hed fist on the table. “Its not fair, I tell you, its not fair. Damn it, its not fair.” I could not help it. I burst into a shout of laughter as I looked at Georges wrathful face, I rolled in my chair, I very nearly fell on the floor. George never forgave me. But Tom often asks me to excellent dinne
45、rs in his charming house in Mayfair and if he occasionally borrows a trifle from me, that is merely force of habit. It is never more than a sovereign.,Part2_T13,a black sheep: a person who does something bad, especially something which brings embarrassment and loss of respect to the family,Saving yo
46、ur presence: with an apology for saying this in your presence.,La Fontaine (Jean de la Fontaine 1621-1695): French writer, remembered especially for his Fables (1668 -1694), moral tales drawn from AESOP and oriental sources which he used to comment satirically on contemporary society,Notes,Part2_TA_
47、Notes1,Part2_TA_Notes2,Monte Carlo: a town in the independent principality of Monaco, on the Mediterranean coast known as the French Riviera. It is an international resort with a gambling casino, a yacht harbor and an annual automobile rally and the Monaco Grand Prix car race.,Notes,He always looked
48、 as if he had just stepped out of a bandbox: He always looked very clean and fresh.,Providence: God,Mayfair: a fashionable area in London, east of Hyde Park,sovereign: a former British gold coin worth 1,settle down: adopt a more stable or quiet way of life; get used to a new way of life wash ones ha
49、nds of sb. / sth.: refuse to be responsible for sb. / sth. any longer be in sbs debt: feel grateful to sb. for his / her help make a point of doing sth.: do sth. because one considers it important or necessary,Phrases and Expressions,Part2_TA_ Phrases and Expressions,乔治兄弟,Part2_TA_t1,当我还是个小男孩的时候，就有人教我背诵拉封丹的寓言故事，并细心地给我讲解每一个故事的寓意。记得有一则名为“蚂蚁和草蜢”的寓言，它向孩子们揭示了一个有益的启示： 在不完美的社会里存在着奖勤罚懒的规则。 在这则绝妙的寓言中（很抱歉，我插一句，客气地说，应该人人都听说过，但不够精确。），小蚂蚁劳累了整整一个夏天，储备冬粮，而草蜢则坐在草叶上对着太阳放声歌唱。冬天到了，小蚂蚁粮食充足而草蜢则粮仓空空。他到蚂蚁家去乞讨食物，蚂蚁给了他一个经典式的回答：,T