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1、Chapter 1 Thinking Globally,Niu Shujie Faculty of College English Teaching,New Era Interactive English Level 4,Part A Reading,Active reading,Read the statement for 5 minutes, then summarize the five steps of active reading,Questions: -What is active reading? -Why should we read actively? -How to rea
2、d actively and what are the five steps of active reading?,Reading strategy 1:,-Whats active reading?,Active reading means reading critically, or questioning, what you read.,- Why should we read actively?,Active reading can help you understand the reading better and also make reading more enjoyable.,
3、- Whats the five steps of active reading?,Preparing to read; Reading; Marking and questioning; Reviewing; Responding,Keep a reading journal,Marking and questioning is one of the five steps of active reading. To fulfill this step, its quite necessary to keep a reading journal.,Question: Whats the use
4、 of keeping a reading journal? What can you put in your reading journal?,Reading strategy 2:,- Whats the use of keeping a reading journal?,Keep a reading journal can help you to keep track of your ideas and your learning. It can help you to review your ideas, remember your reading and understand mor
5、e fully what you have read.,-What can you put in your reading journal?,You can put your written response to the readings; some good vocabulary items; some useful sentences, etc. together in your reading journal.,Reading 1,Discuss the following questions with your group mates. For each group, one stu
6、dent is supposed to record the opinions of the group mates. Then another student is responsible for reporting their opinions to the others.,Warming up exercise:,What happened on July 1, 1997? What are the Opium Wars? And what were consequences of the wars? What do you think of Deng Xiaopings role in
7、 Hong Hongs return? Whats the significance of Hong Kongs return?,Reading comprehension: Task 1: Read the text again by yourselves and try to summarize the speech of President Jiang and complete the following summary.,Task 2: Work in group to answer the following questions.,What does “one country, tw
8、o systems” mean? Why was Hong Kong originally transferred to British power? What is the HKSAR? What will the Chinese government continue to do after resuming exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong?,Summary of Jiang Zemins speech,The Chinese and British governments have held_ _, announcing the resump
9、tion by the Chinese government of_ _. Hong Kongs return to the motherland is a shining page in the annals of the Chinese nation. After reviewing the brief history of Hong Kong, President Jiang promises that Hong Kong will continue to _ _ _. And then, he reaffirms that _ _will remain unchanged for 50
10、 years.,practice the capitalist system with its previous socio-economic system and way of life remaining unchanged and its laws basically unchanged,“one country, two systems,” “ Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong” and “ a high degree of autonomy”,Reference:,“One country , two systems” refers t
11、o the capitalist system in Hong Kong, and the Chinese Communist party governing the rest of China- both now a part of the Peoples Republic of China.,2. China ceded Hong Kong to the British after the Opium Wars.,3. HKSAR refers to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of
12、 China.,4. Hong Kong will continue to practice the capitalist system, with its previous socio-economic system and way of life remaining unchanged and its laws basically unchanged.,Words and phrases:,In 1898, Britain again coerced the Qing Government into signing the Convention of the Extension of Ho
13、ng Kong, thus occupying the entire Hong Kong region. (Para. 4),coerce: v. make sb. do sth by using force or threats,coerce sb. into sth./ doing sth.,-The boss coerced the stickers into compliance.,-They were coerced into signing the contract.,coercion: n.,- He paid the money under coercion.,coercive
14、: adj.,Words and phrases:,Notwithstanding the prolonged separation, the flesh-and-blood bond between the people on mainland and Hong Kong (Para. 4),prolonged: adj. continuing for a long time,- After prolonged questioning, she finally confessed.,乘火车的旅客要长时间受阻。,- There will be prolonged delays for rail
15、way travelers.,prolong: v. make sth. longer, esp in time,- They prolonged their visit by a few days.,Words and phrases:,China had achieved national independence and liberation and embarked on a road to socialism. (Para. 5),embark: v. Go or be taken on board a ship or an aircraft Start or engage in (
16、esp sth. new or difficult),- He embarked on a new career. - We embark for Europe at New York harbor.,- Passengers with cars must embark first.,- He has embarked on an adventure no one else has dared.,Words and phrases:,He initiated, with exceptional wisdom and great statesmanship, the creative visio
17、n of “one country, two systems,” (Para. 6),initiate: v. Put (a scheme, etc) into operation; cause sth. to begin Give sb. elementary instruction,-The government will initiate a reform of the educational system. -The book was written to initiate outsiders to the mysteries of the trade.,initiation: n.
18、the act of bring sth. into effect the initiation of an investigation,Words and phrases:,initiative: n.,1. Action taken to resolve a difficulty,-It is hoped that the governments initiative will bring the strike to an end.,2. the initiative: power or right to take action,-Because of the generals indec
19、isiveness, our armies have lost the initiative to the enemy.,3. on ones own initiative: without anyone else ordering one to do sth, or suggesting that one should do it,-In the absence of my commanding officer, I acted on my own initiative.,4. take the initiative: take the first step in an undertakin
20、g,-Its up to this country to take the initiative in banning nuclear weapon.,Note:,Words and phrases:,Complete the following sentences by using initiate, initiation, initiative, on ones own initiative, take the initiative.,He helped me_. 2. Our country _ trade with developing nations. 3. He _ in tryi
21、ng to solve the problem.,on his own initiative,initiated,took the initiative,Words and phrases:, to resolve the Hong Kong question through diplomatic negotiations and to maintain long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong. (Para. 6),negotiation: n. discussion aimed at reaching an agreement,-Neg
22、otiation of the sale took a long time.,negotiate: v.,-Weve decided to negotiate with the employers about our wage claim.,be in negotiation with sb.,工会与业主议定一份新合同。,-The trade union negotiated a new contract with the owner.,Words and phrases:,After Hong Kong returns to the motherland, the overwhelming
23、majority of the laws previously in force will be maintained. (Para. 9),overwhelming: adj. too great to resist or overcome,- The out-party got an overwhelming victory.,overwhelm: v. (usually passive) cover sth./ sb. completely by flowing over To affect deeply in mind or emotion To defeat completely,O
24、verwhelmed with gratitude, he fell to knees. Our team overwhelmed the visitors by 40 points. A great mass of water overwhelmed the village.,Words and phrases:,A gradually improved democratic system suited to Hong Kongs reality is an important guarantee for its social and political stability. (Para.
25、9),Thing that makes an event likely to happen,Person who promises to be responsible for seeing that sth. is done,Promise given by one person to another that he will be responsible for seeing that sth. is done,Promise that certain conditions agreed to in a transaction,guarantee: n.,The watch comes wi
26、th a years guarantee.,Blue skies are not a guarantee of continuing fine weather.,Are you willing to be a guarantee of your friends good behavior?,be guaranteed to do: be certain to do,Words and phrases:,guarantee sth. to sb.: promise sth. with certainty,guarantee sth against sth: undertake to pay th
27、e cost of repairs,guarantee: v.,We can not guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.,The insurance guaranteed him against money loss in case of fire.,Its guaranteed to rain when you want to go out.,不能保证她不会接受。,保证书还有效，所以厂家会给修理的。,Words and phrases:,他一出席，会议就成功在望。,-It is still under guar
28、antee, so the manufacturer will repair it.,-There is no guarantee that she will accept.,-His turning up will guarantee the success of the meeting.,Translate the following sentence by using guarantee.,Words and phrases:,The British Consulate- General, which will be inaugurated in a few hours time, wi
29、ll be our largest in the world.,inaugurate: v. 1. Introduce (a new public official or leader) at a special ceremony 2. Mark the beginning of (an organization or undertaking) or open (a building, an exhibition, etc) with a ceremony 3. Introduce sth. new,-Concorde inaugurated a new era in airplane tra
30、vel. -The city library was inaugurated by the mayor. -He will be inaugurated as president in January.,Reading 2,Reading comprehension,Read the article once and discuss the following questions with your group mates.,Who is Jeffrey Benzien? What is the Truth and Reconciliation Commission? How did some
31、 people get amnesty in South Africa? Why was the amnesty program begun? Who is P.W. Botha? Why is he facing jail time?,Reference:,1. Jeffery Benzien is a police captain who tortured people whod been arrested for opposing the government of South Africa.,2. It is a group of judges, lawyers, and minist
32、ers who listen to confessions of people, white or black, who committed crimes for or against apartheid. The criminals, in exchange, receive amnesty.,3. By simply telling the truth about their crimes, people could receive amnesty.,4. This program is a joint deal between the white government and Mande
33、las government to ease racial tensions.,5. He was South Africas president from 1978 to 1989, one of the most violent period in the countrys history. He faces jail time not for his crimes, but for his refusal to confess before committee.,Words and phrases:,He was demonstrating a method of torture tha
34、t would take victims to the brink of suffocation. (Para. 1),demonstrate: v. sth. to sb.: show sth clearly by giving evidence sth. to sb.: show and explain how sth. works or a way of doing sth. (against/ in favor of sb/ sth): take part in a public rally, usually as a protest or to show support,-His s
35、udden departure demonstrates that he is unreliable. -Thousands demonstrated against the price increases. -An assistant demonstrated the washing machine.,Words and phrases:,她示范最有效的自卫方法。,-She demonstrated how best to defend oneself.,他们示威反对那条新法律。,-They demonstrated against the new law.,这次选举是以实际行动体现了民主。
36、,-The election demonstrates democracy in action.,Translate the following sentences by using demonstrate.,Words and phrases:,Among the people who gathered to hear Benziens confession last summer were several of his victim. (Para. 2),confession: n. Statement of ones guilt Formal admission of ones sins
37、 to a priest,-He made a full confession of his crimes. -I always go to confession on Fridays.,confess: v. to sth/ doing sth. sth to sb,-She finally confessed to having stolen the money.,-He confessed to the priest that he had sinned.,Words and phrases:,We as a nation must confront the truth and heal
38、 ourselves. (Para. 9),confront: v. sb. with sb./ sth.: make sb. face or consider sb or sth unpleasant, difficult, etc be confronted with: face,-They confronted the prisoner with his accusers. - After entering the WTO, China is confronted with many challenges.,面对证据，她只好承认偷了钱。,- When the police confron
39、ted her with evidence, she admitted that she had stolen the money.,Words and phrases:,Some stories the commission hears are so awful that the people listening can do nothing but cry. (Para. 13),awful: adj. Extremely bad or unpleasant; terrible (informal) very bad (informal) very great,-Im in an awfu
40、l hurry to get to the bank. -The plight of starving people is too awful to think about. -What awful weather!,awfully: adv. Very much,-Im afraid that Im awfully late. -Thanks awfully for the present.,Reviewing tasks:,Dictation within the group: The student who performed the best in a group dictate wo
41、rds and phrases in reading 1 and 2 to the group mates.,Game: making sentences For each group of students, the teacher will give them some new words or expressions. When the teacher says out one to them, anyone in the group should make a sentence by using the word or expression. The group that makes
42、the most sentences within 5 minutes will win.,Part B Writing,Writing strategy 1:,Brainstorm to get ideas for your writing,Brainstorming means coming up with as many ideas you can think of without stopping to think or judge your ideas. It is an easy and popular technique for getting started in writin
43、g.,Brainstorming brings lists of ideas, which help you to discover what you want to write about.,you may do it alone, with a partner, or with a group of classmates. You may do it aloud, on paper or in your head.,Writing strategy 2:,Use invention techniques to find and develop ideas for writing,Quest
44、ion: How can you generate ideas? What are the three techniques introduced?,Grammar in writing: parallel structure,Parallel ideas had better be expressed in parallel structure, which give emphasis, clarity and coherence to a sentence. Errors in parallel structure can lead to confusion for your reader
45、s.,Faulty: A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.,Revised: A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does. A man is judged not only by his words but also by his deeds.,Note: “what he says” and “his deeds” are not parallel in form, so one of them has to be
46、changed.,Example:,Apply the grammar:,1. We thought she was charming, intelligent, and a very capable young woman.,Revised: We thought she was charming, intelligent, and very capable. We thought she was a charming, intelligent, and very capable young woman.,2. We have great faith and high hopes for h
47、er.,Revised: We have great faith in and high hopes for her.,Correct the following sentences.,Writing knowledge: coherence,Coherence of a paragraph is concerned with its form, or it organization. The sentences in a paragraph should be arranged in a clear, logical order, and the transitions should be
48、smooth and natural. As a result, the reader finds it easy to follow the writers train of thought and understand what he is talking about.,The following ways may help the writer to produce a coherent and fluent paragraph:,Using parallel structures,Repeating words or word groups,Using pronouns to refer to nouns in preceding sentences,Being consistent in the person and number of nouns and pronouns, and the tense of verbs,Using transitional expressions,Transitional expressions:,For spatial develop