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1、限时训练阅读理解之说明文 1. 【 湖北卷】 The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples. First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, th
2、ey float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled（芭蕾）dancer. “Im an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.” On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise b
3、ike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, its just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gra
4、vity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache. Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you
5、 float out of your seat,”Your inner ear thinks yourre falling . Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight. That can be annoyingthats why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days truly terrible days for some astronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ea
6、r, and space sickness disappears. Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. Thats why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus
7、on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars. 1.What is the major challenge to astronau
8、ts when they sleep in space? A. Deciding on a proper sleep position B. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag C. Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly D. Finding a right time to go to sleep. 2.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _. 1 A. the y circle around on their bikes B. th
9、ey use microcomputers without a stop C. they exercise in one place for a long time D. they watch a movie while pedaling 3.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _. A. their senses stop working B. they have to stand up straight C. they float out of their seats unex
10、pectedly D. whether they are able to go back to the station 4.One of the NASAs major concerns about astronauts is _. A. how much exercise they do on the station B. how they can remain healthy for long in space C. whether they can recover after returning home D. whether they are able to go back to th
11、e station 2. 【 陕西】 The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence
12、of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance. On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the areas birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special(物种) that depend on the trees flowers a
13、nd fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many special are quickly dying out. On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests plant and animal life, and
14、the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the worlds groundwater. Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园)co
15、uld mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的)
16、 soil conditions. 2 It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the
17、 planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee. 1. What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4? A. It limits the spread of new growing techniques. B. It leads to air pollution and global warming. C. It slows down the loss of shade trees. D. It impr
18、oves local soil conditions. 2. The purpose of the text is to_ . A. entertain B. advertise C. instruct D. persuade 3. Where does this text probably come from ? A. An agricultural magazine. B. A medical journal. C. An engineering textbook. D. A tourist guide. 4.Which of the following shows the structu
19、re of the whole text? 3. 【 四川】 Their cheery song brightens many a winters day. But robins are in danger of wearing 3 themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night一 as well as during the day, British-based researchers say. David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from
20、 street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep. Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds health at risk. His study shows t
21、hat when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night. He told people at a conference, “There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing thei
22、r song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy.“ And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also bei
23、ng more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, “In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?.During the breeding(繁殖)season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people cant
24、 sleep.“ Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise. However, some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University foun
25、d more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas. 1.According to Dr Dominonis study, what cause robins to sing so much? A. The breeding season. B. The light in modern life C. The dangerous environmen
26、t. D. The noise from heavy machinery. 2.What is the researchers concern over the increase of birds song output? A. The environment might be polluted. B. The birds health might be damaged. C. The industry cost might be increased. 4 D. The peoples hearing might be affected. 3.What does the underlined
27、word “nocturnal“ in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night. C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day. 4.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments? A. Because there are fewer dangers. B. Because there is more food to eat. C. Because there is less light pollution D
28、. Because there are more places to take shelter. 4. 【天津】 Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist
29、at the robot company Jibo. While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user. The Jibo r
30、obot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesnt just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual
31、in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos. Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some
32、 of these spaces. Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The companys “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the products location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make
33、recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for. 5 The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social
34、 robots to do things not for us, but with us,” said Breazeal. 1. How are social robots different from household robots? A. They can control their emotions. B. They are more like humans. C. They do the normal housework. D. They respond to users more slowly. 2. What can a Jibo robot do according to Pa
35、ragraph 3? A. Communicate with you and perform operations. B. Answer your questions and make requests. C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk. D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills. 3. What can Oshbot work as? A. A language teacher. B. A tour guide. C. A shop assistant. D. A privat
36、e nurse. 4. We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will _. A. train employees B. be our workmates C. improve technologies D. take the place of workers 5. What does the passage mainly present? A. A new design idea of household robots. B. Marketing strategies for social robots. C. Information on household robots. D. An introduction to social robots. 6