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1、Robots（3）英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。汉语中常用被给由受等词来表示被动，而英语中由助动词be及物动词的过去分词构成。.各种时态的被动结构一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时的被动结构是考查重点。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。以do为例：一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am/is/are doneam/is/are being donehas/have been done过去was/were donewas/were bei
2、ng donehad been done将来shall /will be done无shall/will have been done过去将来should/would be done无should/would have been done Everyones pay will be increased next year by 5%.明年每人的工资将增加五个百分点。 It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.那是我第一次在公众场合挨批。.主动语态表被动意义1有些动词如read, write, clean, wash,
3、iron, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, blow, peel, sell, act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well, easily, smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。如：This pen writes smoothly.这笔写起来很流畅。The cloth washes well.这种布料耐洗。2动词need, require, want, be worth后加v.ing的主动结构表被动意义。My wat
4、ch cant work; it needs repairing. 我的手表不能用了，需要修了。This film is really worth seeing. 这部电影的确值得看。.不用于被动语态的情形不及物动词(短语)如appear, happen, remain, take place, come about, break out, come true等没有被动语态。A fire broke out during the night.夜间发生了火灾。.动词不定式的被动形式和用法当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般时和完成
5、时。一般时：to be done表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。完成时：to have been done表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。He didnt expect the book to be received so well.他没想到这本书会受到如此热烈的欢迎。.不定式的主动形式表被动意义1动词不定式放于名词或代词之后作定语，不定式和名词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，同时又和句中另一名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Would you bring me a bench to sit on? 你给我拿个凳子来坐好吗？2在主语be形容词不定式
6、句型中，形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。这样的形容词很多，常用的有：amusing, cheap, comfortable, dangerous, difficult, easy, fit, hard, important, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, funny, heavy, light等。That question is difficult to answer.那个问题不容易回答。3在too.to.结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。This
7、book is too expensive(for me)to buy.这本书太贵，我买不起。4在there be.句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动形式作定语重点在人，用被动形式作定语重点在物。比较：There is a lot of work to do.(用to do可看成是for us to do)There is a lot of work to be done.(用to be done谁做工作不明确)5be to blame常用主动表示被动。Who is to blame for starting the fire?谁应为放火受责备？1(2014北京)There a
8、re still many problems_ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.A.solvingB.solvedC.being solvedD.to be solved2(2013四川)The airport _ next year will help promote tourism in this area. A.being completedB.to be completedC.completedD.having been completedK真题1.D【解析】句意:在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前仍旧有很多问题需要解决。分析
9、句子结构可知,空处在句中作定语。又根据语境可知此处表示没有发生的事,应用不定式形式,同时solve和problems之间为动宾关系,因此用不定式的被动式,故选D项。 2.B【解析】句意:明年将竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区旅游业的发展。空处表示将要发生的动作,且它与所修饰的名词the airport之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用不定式的被动式作定语。选B。想象类作文属于开放性作文，要求学生充分发挥自己的想象力。对于写作的内容，我们可以从自己的生活出发进行幻想，寻找题材；也可以就如何解决现实或者未来世界中会出现的问题进行合理的想象。想象类作文可按照如下写作模板来写：（1）首先，确定主题。我们可以把
10、生活中碰到的事物、电视上或书本上看到的各种科幻形象的特点进行揉和，充分发挥自己的想象力，从而创造出一个生动的角色，确定作文的主题。（2）其次，构思情节。情节内容的设定要新奇，要能吸引人。这就要求学生充分发挥自己的想象力，在科学的基础上合理想象。1My ideal robot is a (n)2The robot I want will be.3It has two arms and four wheels.4It can help me with my homework/housework.5It can work for a long time without feeling tired.6
11、It looks like a real person.7It has feelings like human beings.8It can provide companionship when Im lonely.社会发展到了2030年，照顾老年人成了一个突出的社会问题。你公司顺应社会需求适时推出了家用机器人。该机器人的主要功能有：1可以在固定的时间做饭，做饭时间可以根据个人需要进行调整。2可以陪老人聊天、下棋、做运动等。3及时处理突发事件，例如在老人突然病倒时及时拨打呼救电话等。请你根据以上内容写一份发言稿，在新闻发布会上向大家推荐你公司的这一新产品。注意：1.词数为120左右；2内容可适
12、当发挥，注意行文连贯；3短文开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：突出的，显著的prominentLadies and gentlemen，Thank you for attending our companys news conference. As you know,_【范文欣赏】Ladies and gentlemen，Thank you for attending our companys news conference. As you know, with the development of society, people have to face various pressur
13、es. They dont have enough time to attend to old people in their family, which has become a prominent social problem. To solve this problem，our company put out the household robot designed to take care of the old people.It can cook meals at a fixed time which can be adjusted according to individual n
14、eeds. Besides, it can also accompany old people in having a chat, playing chess and doing exercise. Moreover，it can deal with emergencies. For example, if an old man falls ill all of a sudden, the robot will call doctors for help. All in all, it would be a great help for you if you own such a robot.
15、 Thank you.单元综合检测(考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：120分)第I卷第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHere are the 2016 Nobel Prize winners for achievements in Peace, Economics, Chemistry and Literature.The Nobel Peace PrizeThe Nobel Peace Prize 2016 was awarded to Juan
16、 Manuel Santos for his resolute(坚决的) efforts to bring the countrys more than 50-year-long civil war to an end, a war that has cost the lives of at least 220, 000 Colombians and forced close to six million people to move away from the area where they live. The award should also be seen as a tribute(致
17、敬) to the Colombian people who, despite great hardships and abuse, have not given up hope of a just peace. The Nobel Prize in EconomicsOliver Hart, 68, a British economist teaching at Harvard, and Bengt Holmstrom, 67, a Finnish economist teaching at MIT, were announced as the winners Monday by the R
18、oyal Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, Sweden. They were awarded for their contributions to contract theory(契约理论) the agreements that shape business, finance and public policy.The Nobel Prize in ChemistryThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 was awarded jointly to Jean-Pierre Sauvage University of Stras
19、bourg, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart Northwestern University and Bernard L. Feringa University of Groningen, the Netherlands for the design of molecular machines, which are the worlds smallest machines. The Nobel Prize in LiteratureThe Nobel Prize in Literature 2016 was awarded to Bob Dylan for having crea
20、ted new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition. The news about the Nobel Prize left me speechless, the 75-year-old singer-songwriter told Danius, the academys permanent secretary, I appreciate the honor so much. But it has not yet been decided whether Dylan will attend any Nobel
21、 events in Stockholm in December, according to a statement posted Friday on the academys website.1. What was Juan Manuel Santos awarded the Nobel Prize for?A. His design of worlds smallest machines.B. His devotion to ending Colombias civil war.C. His contributions to helping victims of the civil war
22、.D. His creation of new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition.2. Which prize has the largest number of winners?A. The Nobel Peace Prize.B. The Nobel Prize in Economics.C. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry.D. The Nobel Prize in Literature.3. How did Bob Dylan react when he knew he wo
23、n the Nobel Prize in Literature?A. He took it for granted.B. He didnt care about it at all.C. He was too excited to say a word.D. He couldnt wait to attend the Nobel events in Stockholm. BI was in my first year of college, making friends and enjoying life, but then my whole world turned upside down.
24、 I had a heart attack. It felt like someone was stabbing (刺) me in the chest with a knife over and over again.After three months of rest I went back to college, but then things took a turn for the worse. I was staying at my Nanas house and woke up in the middle of the night with a terrible pain in m
25、y chest. I knew I was having a heart attack again.I couldnt even shout for help. Luckily my grandpa was going to the toilet and heard me falling out of bed. If it wasnt for him, I probably wouldnt be here.The two holes in my heart were causing the problems and I needed an operation immediately to re
26、pair them. Unfortunately, the surgery didnt go well and they only managed to repair one of the holes.When I woke up from the operation, I had a really dry mouth and couldnt wait to have something to eat and drink. The biggest shock of all came when I was told that I needed a heart transplant and was
27、 put on the register. The doctors were stunned at how quickly heart failure came on it usually takes years, but it took my heart less than six months to get to that stage. My whole world came crashing down, but I stayed strong. It was a choice between crying every day and getting on with my life.As
28、time went on, life became even harder. I hated feeling weak all the time and needing help with everything. It got to the point where I thought I would never get a new heart. I was diagnosed with depression.Even though I thought that Christmas 2008 would be my last, I really enjoyed it and even had a
29、 good New Year. Everyone was crying for me when the clock struck midnight and they told me to keep fighting.A week later, I got a call from the doctors saying theyd found a suitable donor (捐赠人). My wish came true and thankfully the operation went well. I spent four hours in surgery where they took o
30、ut my old heart and put a new one in. When I woke up I burst out crying. I had a second chance at life.4. What happened when the author was having his second heart attack?A. He felt less pain than he had during the previous one.B. He realized what it was and shouted for help in time.C. He narrowly e
31、scaped death thanks to his grandfather.D. He decided to have an operation to repair the two holes in his heart.5. When the author learned that he needed a heart transplant, he _.A. couldnt help crying every dayB. chose to continue to fight for his lifeC. felt so depressed that he tried to kill himse
32、lfD. was so anxious that his heart failure developed very quickly6. At the beginning of 2009, the author _.A. was convinced that the past Christmas had been his lastB. felt blessed and grateful for his second chance at lifeC. received a heart transplant but the operation didnt go wellD. felt hopeles
33、s all the time and was diagnosed with depression7. Which one would be the best title for the text?A. Choices matterB. Rebuilding my worldC. Waiting for a new heartD. The most special ChristmasCHello. Its one of the first words we learn as babies, yet its one of the last ones we think to use as adult
34、s. Thats unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying hello it is noticing anothers worth. How might the world change how might we change if we mastered this word? To find it out, I spent one month saying hello to every person I met. Heres what Ive learned.It can improve productivity.
35、In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning. This exchange of greetings raised the kids productivity. School went from impersonal
36、 to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.Environments influence friendliness. And researchers say pleasant environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones. My experience was similar. Whatever the reason, my urban hellos were answered
37、far less often than my rural ones. Similarly, people in vacation spots, like the Jersey Shore, were far friendlier than those hurrying to work downtown.Its a form of universal health insurance. Its impossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve s
38、tress and improve happiness. Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect on the recipient (接受者). So maybe we can make the world a better place by saying hello to each other. After a month of doing it, I feel lighter and more connected and I have a better sense of wellbeing.8. What can be inferred i
39、n Paragraph 1?A. Adults are not willing to say hello.B. The first word we learn as babies is hello.C. Saying hello is resistance to anothers worth.D. The writer wasted a month saying hello to every person.9. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably means that_.A. teachers and students got fri
40、endlier so that the students became more active and scored higherB. the exchange of greeting resulted in the increasing number of school studentsC. students can get higher scores in tests because they greet their teachers every dayD. in private schools, there is more class participation and better g
41、rades10. According to the passage, smiling can have the following effects on health except_.A. lowering blood pressureB. improving intelligenceC. increasing pleasureD. reducing pressure11. Whats the writers purpose of writing the passage?A. To tell us saying hello can improve productivity.B. To tell
42、 us saying hello is a form of universal health insurance.C. To prove that environments influence friendliness.D. To advise us to say hello more often.DWhen a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claims, the first step is to
43、 present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gainsatisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directl
44、y to the store manager. In general, the higher up his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumers favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to
45、 the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed
46、best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear is better than This stereo does not work. The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as