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1、Unit 3 Under the sea重点单词1reflect vi. 思考 & vt. 映射；反射；思考reflection n. 反映；影像；沉 思reflective adj. 思考的；反射的；反光的2pure adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的purity n. 纯净；纯洁purely adv. 仅 仅；完全；纯粹地3aware adj. 意识到的；知道的awareness n. 知道；意识；兴趣unaware adj. 不知道的；没意识到的4narrow adj. 狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的wide adj. 宽的；宽阔的narrowly adv. 勉强地；严密地5sharp adj. 锐
2、利的；锋利的；敏捷的sharpen vt. & vi. (使)变锋利；削尖， 磨快sharpener n. 削刀，磨床，磨器，磨具6scare vt. 恐吓 & vi. 受惊吓scared adj. 惊慌的；吓坏的重要短语1思考这一天reflect on the day2醒来 wake up3意识到 be aware of4颠倒 upside down5靠近 get close to6a day of pure magic 绝对有魔力的一天7a wiselooking turtle 一只看上去很聪明的乌龟8a yellowspotted red fish 一只有黄点的红鱼9appear fro
3、m behind some coral从一些珊瑚后面出来10beat wildly (心)跳地厉害关键句型1Im sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day a day of pure magic!我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情这是神奇的一天！2The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me purples, reds, oranges, yel
4、lows, blues and greens.我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。1. confident adj.自信的；有信心的；有把握的be confident of/that对有把握The teacher wants the students to feel confident about asking questions when they dont understand.老师要学生遇到不懂的问题就大胆提问。Im confident that I can succeed.我有信心能成功。【归纳拓展】confidence n自信心；把握have/l
5、ose confidence in.对有/失去信心with confidence自信地【跟踪典例】那个一直对生活充满信心的教授由于他儿子的去世而精神崩溃。The professor who was always _ _ _life broke down due to his sons death.【答案】having confidence in2. target n C目标；靶；受批评的对象vt.把作为批评的对象；面向Ive set myself a target of saving 20 yuan a month.我给自己定了一个目标：每月存上20元。He aimed at the targ
6、et, fired but missed it.他瞄准靶子开火，却未打中。The advertisement is clearly targeted on the young.这个广告显然是针对年轻人的。【归纳拓展】hit/miss the target中/脱靶 target sth on/at把对准meet/achieve a target达成目标 set a target设定目标on/off target准确/不准确命中目标sales target销售目标 moving target移动目标【跟踪典例】给自己制定有望达到的指标。_ _ _ that you can reasonably h
7、ope to achieve.我不喜欢这些针对儿童的电视广告。I dont like the television advertisements _ _ children.【答案】Set yourself targetstargeted at3. reflect vi.思考vt.映射；反射；思考reflect on/upon思考；反省reflect sth from sth反射After reflecting for a time on the problem，he decided not to go.仔细考虑这问题后，他决定不去了。Her face was reflected in the
8、mirror.她的脸映照在镜子中。He reflected on his past mistakes.他反省了过去的错误【巧学妙记】【归纳拓展】reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思，深思be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中【跟踪典例】用恰当词语填空Seans strong love for his country is_(reflect)in his recently pubilshed poems.I need time to reflect_what you offered.【答案】reflected句意：肖恩对他的祖国强烈的爱反映在他近期出版的诗篇中
9、。on句意：我需要时间思考你提出的问题。考查动词的用法。reflect on sth意思是思考某事，符合句意。4. aware adj.意识到的，知道的be/become aware of对知道、明白；意识到be aware that察觉到；意识到The children were aware of the harm of taking drugs.孩子们意识到了吸毒的危害性。【归纳拓展】as far as Im aware据我所知make sb aware that.提醒某人注意make sb aware of.使某人注意到awareness n. 知道，意识develop an aware
10、ness of逐渐懂得lack of awareness缺乏认识【跟踪典例】你有没有察觉到你已经伤害了她的感情？_ you _ _ you have hurt her feelings?据我所知，尚无人对此采取任何措施。_ _ _ _ _， nobody has done anything about it.【答案】Are; aware thatAs far as Im aware5. vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的He gave a vivid description of this event as if he were there.他生动地描述了这个事件，好像他当时在场。Sh
11、e was wearing a vivid green dress for the party.她身穿鲜绿色的连衣裙来参加晚会。【归纳拓展】vivid memory/recollection清晰的记忆a vivid description/account生动描述a vivid imagination丰富的想象力vividly adv.生动地；鲜明地【跟踪典例】他成为一名作家我一点也不奇怪。当他是孩子的时候，就具有丰富的想象力。Im not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he _ _ _ _.【答案】had a vivid
12、imagination6. narrow adj.狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的；勉强的，刚刚好的a narrow escape九死一生a narrow victory险胜in a narrow sense在狭义上There was only a narrow gap between the bed and the wall.床和墙之间只有一条窄缝。He moves in a narrow circle of friends.他生活在狭小的朋友圈子里。【归纳拓展】narrowly adv.仅仅，勉强地，严密地narrow majority微弱多数【跟踪典例】The final score of the
13、 football match was 93：94. We were only _ (narrow) beaten.【答案】narrowly7. sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的；急剧的be sharp at对灵敏The knife isnt sharp enough to cut meat.这把刀不够锋利，切不动肉。The old man has sharp eyes.这位老人有敏锐的眼睛。Be careful of the sharp bend in the road.小心路上的急转弯。【归纳拓展】sharpen v(使)变锋利；削尖sharpener n削尖用的器具【跟踪典例】
14、Its dangerous for a little child to play with a _ knife.A. niceB. sharpC. beautifulD. good【答案】B【解析】句子前半部分说对于小孩来说很危险，那么后半部分表示的应该是玩锋利的刀子才合乎前半句的意思。8. scare vt.恐吓使害怕；vi.害怕，使惊吓n恐慌，恐惧；惊恐scare sb away / off把某人吓跑/吓退scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事You scared me by coming in so quietly.你这么悄悄地进来吓了我一跳。He scares
15、easily, so he is more a girl than a boy.他动不动就害怕，因此他更像个女孩。You did give me a scare.你真吓了我一跳。【归纳总结】scared adj.惊恐的，恐惧的be scared of doing sth害怕做某事be scared to do sth 害怕做某事【跟踪典例】She was scared _(go into) the yard because she was scared of_(bite) by the big dog _(lie) at the gate.【答案】to go into; being bitte
16、n; lying【解析】考查scare的用法以及非谓语动词。be scared to do sth害怕做某事；be scared of doing担心做某事；dog与lie(躺)之间为主动关系，且表示正在进行，故应用现在分词作定语。9. upside down上下翻转，颠倒Youre holding the book upside down.你把书拿颠倒了。【归纳拓展】turn. upside down把弄得乱七八；把翻过来inside out里外颠倒【巧学妙记】形象示意颠倒【跟踪典例】独木舟底朝天漂浮在湖面上。The canoe floated _ _ on the lake.那房子被盗贼翻
17、得乱七八糟。The house _ _ _ _ by the burglars.【答案】upside downwas turned upside down10.Thank God it was; otherwise, I might have been swallowed instead!谢天谢地，否则，我也可能被吞没了。might/may have done表示可能已经做了某事，用于对过去的情况进行推测。此外，might/may have done还可表示本来可以做某事(而实际上未做)。如：Mary might have learned some Chinese before.玛丽以前可能学
18、了一些汉语。【归纳拓展】neednt have done本不必做某事(而实际上做了)cant have done不可能做了某事could have done本可以做某事(而实际上未做)must have done一定做了某事ought to/should have done本该做某事(而实际上未做)oughtnt to/shouldnt have done本不该做某事(而实际上做了)【跟踪典例】The children _(get) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as schedu
19、led.【答案】must have got【解析】句意：孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了，否则按时间他们会在湖边野营了。根据下文可知此处是做了很有把握的肯定的推测，故用must；由would have been 可知是过去的事情，要表示对于过去的事情的推测要用情态动词have done的形式，故填must have got。11. They may be many kilometres long with plastic balls to keep them floating on the water, and weights to hold them down on the seabed.他们或许
20、有数千米长，且带有塑料球，以让它们漂浮在水面上；它们也带有很多重物，以让它们沉到海床上。(1)该句是一个简单句。句中and连接的两个介语短语with plastic balls.和(with)weights.作状语，以说明主语的状况；不定式短语to keep.和to hold.作后置定语。(2)句中使用了keep宾语宾补结构，keep意为使处于某种状态。该结构的常见形式有：keepsb/sth形容词/副词I was too tired to keep my eyes open.我累得眼睛都睁不开了。In our daily life, we must keep ourselves away f
21、rom danger.日常生活中，我们必须使自己远离危险。keepsb/sth介宾短语You should keep your hands behind your backs.你们要把手放在背后。keepsb/sth现在分词(表示动词或状态的持续)Im sorry. I have kept you waiting outside for so long.对不起，我让你在外面等了那么久。keepsb/sth过去分词(表示被动和状态的持续)Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.少说话，多观察。【跟踪典例】Lucy has a great sense of
22、humor and always keeps her colleagues_(amuse) with her stories.【答案】amused考查非谓语动词。keepsb/sth宾补使处于某种状态。根据句意，sb与它后面的动词为被动关系，故填amused。12. Im sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the daya day of pure magic!我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一杯冷饮，回忆着当天的事情这是神奇的一天！本句中with a cold drink in
23、my hand是with复合结构，在此作伴随状语；句中and连接两个并列谓语。with复合结构可在句中作状语和定语，其具体形式如下：withn./pron.形容词/副词withn./pron.分词withn./pron.不定式withn./pron.介词短语withn./pron.名词With a lot of homework to do, I cant go skating with you.因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。She died with her son yet a baby.她去世了，儿子还在襁褓中。【跟踪典例】The old couple often take a
24、 walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _(follow) them.【答案】following【解析】在这个with的复合结构中，宾语their pet dog 与宾补之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用following作宾补。句意：这对老夫妇经常在晚饭后带着他们的宠物狗在花园里散步。13. Then there were two grey reef sharks, each about one and a half metres long, which suddenly appeared from behind some coral.然
25、后还有两条灰色的珊瑚鲨，每条大约有1.5米长，突然从珊瑚礁后面游了出来。(1)独立主格结构each about one and a half metres long在此作状语。独立主格结构的常见形式有：名词/代词形容词名词/代词副词名词/代词名词名词/代词介词短语名词/代词分词名词/代词不定式The old man sat in the sofa, his face serious.老人坐在沙发上，面容严肃。He came in, a dictionary in his hand.他走了进来，手里拿着一本词典。The thief caught, they felt relieved.小偷抓住了
26、，他们感到放心了。【跟踪典例】Much time_(spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.【答案】spent【解析】句意：上班族们坐在办工桌前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。(2)from behind是双重介词。双重介词一般由两个介词搭配而成，其常见的构成方式如下：from其他介词。The moon appeared fro
27、m behind the clouds.月亮从云后面露了出来。A rat ran from under the bed.一只老鼠从床底下跑了出来。except其他介词。except后常接at, by, from, in, on, to等介词。Except for the few who have failed their examinations, all the students in the hall are in very high spirits.大厅里，除了几个考试不及格的学生外，其他学生的情绪极佳。I searched everywhere except in the bedroo
28、m.除了卧室我到处都找了。He rarely went anywhere except to his office.除了办公室他很少去其他地方。till/until其他介词。till/until后常接介词after。I hardly ever go to bed till after twelve.我12点以后才睡觉。Up until last summer we always went to the beach for our vacation.去年夏天以前，我们总是去海边度假。【跟踪典例】那是一种从月球内向外推的力。That is a force pushing outwards_ _th
29、e moon.像中国的春节一样，美国的感恩节是家人从全国各地团聚在一起的节日。Thanksgiving Day in the U.S.A., like Spring Festival in China, brings families back together_ _the country.猴子突然从树后出现，露西吓得尖叫起来。The monkey suddenly emerged _ _the tree, frightening Lucy into screaming.【答案】from insidefrom acrossfrom behind.单词拼写1. A baby is too you
30、ng to be_(意识到) of the dangers around it.2. What is going on there can be described in one word_(令人生畏的)!3. San Francisco is built on 40 hills and some are very_.4. You will be entitled to your_(退休金)when you reach 65.5. Its good to_(吸)in such clean fresh air for a change.6. The man searched the whole
31、house with a_(手电筒) inside out.7. Using a_knife，cut away the peel from the fruit.8. In remote regions，the air is_(纯净的)and the crops are free of poisonous insecticides.9. The novel paints a _(栩栩如生的) picture of life in the city.10. A _(分界线) is a line that marks a limit between two countries.语法填空阅读下面材料，
32、在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Last weekend as I was riding in the bike lane alongside the truck, we reached a crossing and it turned to the right， 1 (hit) me and my bicycle. Even more upsetting was the fact 2 the driver didnt stop afterward. 3 （Luck），I was not injured and my bicycle was damaged, but
33、still usable.Even days after I reported the event to the police, they failed to 4 (proper) solve this situation or even return my calls. Eventually, I decided 5 (contact)University Student Legal Services for help about this matter. The small damage may not seem worth all 6 trouble, but what if I had
34、 been seriously 7 (injure)? Will anyone see punishment for breaking traffic laws and damaging my property? Unfortunately, my experience is common, and 8 (accident)between bikes and cars occur far too often. A comprehensive study 9 (report) that of the nearly 3,000 cyclistmotorist crashes that occurr
35、ed between 2000 and 2010, about 20 percent were hitandruns. Bicycles are held to the same standards as motor vehicles in most cases. 10 means that cyclists must obey all traffic rules，and also have the right to get damages in the accidents. I urge both cyclists and motorists to become familiar with
36、their rights and duties when sharing the roads.完成句子1. She laid her dress on the bed _(保持平整). (neat)2. _(你意识到) something was wrong？(aware)3. This battle _(生动记载) in the article, which was written by a former soldier.(vivid)4. He _(几乎吓死) by the strange noise.(scare)5. I _(一直在思考) the matter since last y
37、ear.(reflect)6. The movie _(十分可怕), so most of the audience buried their face in their hands.(awe)7. The programme _(瞄向) improving the health of women of all ages.(target)8. A series of attacks _(已经加重了) fears of more violence.(sharpen)9. _(多么令人敬畏的风景) the iceberg is in the Antarctic!10. He lay on the
38、grass _(两眼望着天空). .阅读理解AIn the 19th century Americans from the eastern states moved out west to settle in the rich new land along the Pacific Coast.The most difficult part of their trip was crossing the Great American Desert in the western part of the United States.The western desert can be very dang
39、erous.There is little water and there are few trees.But the desert also has scenery of great beauty.Tall towers of red and yellow stones rise sharply from the flat，sandy valley floor.At Lake Powell，the red stone arch (弓形) of Rainbow Bridge rises high above the blue lake.Many areas of Lake Powells sh
40、ore can only be reached by boat or on foot.But hikers sometimes find very old native American pictures，painted on the rocks.In Death Valley，California，the summer temperature rises to 130165 degrees Fahrenheit.There is less than two inches of rain each year.In the 1800s，many travellers died when they
41、 tried to cross this waterless valley in the terrible heat.Although the desert is dry and seems empty，there is plenty of life if you look closely.Small insects，snakes，and rats have learned to live underground and come out at night when it is cool.Plants like cacti (仙人掌) which need very little water
42、live here.When it rains，such plants grow quickly，and flowers open in a single day.For a short time，the desert is covered with brilliant colours.Modern visitors to the Great American Desert dont have the same problems as early travellers had.They have air conditioning and can carry plenty of water in
43、 their cars.They enjoy the change from the crowded city.And there is nothing more beautiful than the colour of a desert sunset.1. In the 19th century，when the Americans moved from the east to the west，they must go through _. A. the comfortable Pacific CoastB. the attractive sceneryC. the suitable pl
44、aceD. the terrible desert2. The fifth paragraph mainly tells us that _. A. only those plants which need no water can live in the dry landB. although the desert is very dry，therere still some animals and plants in the desertC. it rains once or twice each year averagely in the desertD. travellers can often see that the desert is covered with brilliant colours3. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. There are many kinds of wildlife in Death Valley.B. Travellers may possibly see some