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1、第14讲运用分析法和还原法解决难以掌握的特殊句式备考指导特殊句式是历年高考中考查的一个考点，通常是以单项填空、语法填空和短文改错的形式进行考查。书面表达中的高分句式通常是某些特殊句式，例如强调句、倒装句、省略句等。解决特殊句式类题目通常使用的方法有：看是否是考查固定句型中固定用法，是否可以运用分析句式结构与句子成分来判断，是否可以运用句子的语境和语义来判断，是否可以通过运用还原法来做出正确的判断。一、需要特别关注的高考热点1倒装结构中的4个重要句型(1)感叹句What an interesting book it is!How interesting a book it is!多有趣的一本书啊
2、！How time flies! 光阴似箭！(2)The more.，the more.The harder you study，the better you will learn.你学习越刻苦，你学得就越好。在这个句型中，第一个句子相当于条件句，第二个句子是主句，所以可以改为：If you study harder，you will learn better.(3)however，whatever引导的让步状语从句However difficult the problem may be，you must work it out this evening.不管这个问题有多么难，今晚你必须做出来
3、。Whatever reasons you have，you should carry out your promise.无论你有什么理由，你都应该遵守你的诺言。(4)as和though引导的让步状语从句Strange as/though it seems，it is true.尽管看上去很奇怪，但是是真的。Search as/though they would here and there，they could find nothing in the room.尽管到处寻找，但是他们在房间里找不到任何东西。Boy as he is，he knows a lot.尽管他是个小孩，他知道的却很多
4、。2强调句型中的6个重点句式(1)强调句型的疑问句在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was被强调部分that其他成分”改为“Is/Was it被强调部分that其他成分？”或“疑问词is/was it that其他成分？”结构。Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?When was it that she changed her mind?(2)在对not.until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之
5、前，构成：It is/was not until.that.。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.(3)如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。He asked me who it w
6、as that took his umbrella by mistake.(4)强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was.保持一致。It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter，isnt it?(5)强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构“强调句型与定语从句”。It was on the farm where we worked that
7、I got to know her.(6)强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”原句仍然完整；而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句不完整。It was at 14：28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)It was 14：28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(状语从句)3省略句型中的特别关注点单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect
8、，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，则要保留be，have，have been。I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to.Will you please look after my house when Im away?Im glad to.Are you a sailor?No.But I used
9、 to be.Your work hasnt been handed in，but it ought to have been.He hasnt finished it yet?Well，he ought to have.4there be句型的非谓语形式Ive never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall.我从未想到墙上会有幅画。I expect there to be many chances for her to get a job.我希望她有很多机会找到工作。There being ice on the road，I told t
10、he driver to slow down.路上有冰，我让司机减速慢行。There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty.因为两天没有水了，所有游客都非常渴了。二、解决特殊句式题目的3种方法方法1还原法一般说来，对于一些特殊的句型，我们可以把它还原为正常的句型，如把倒装句还原为陈述句等等。典例展示1Only when Lily walked into the office _ she realised that she had left the contract at home.答案did解
11、析“only状语从句”置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装。根据从句中的had left可知，主句应用一般过去时，故填助动词did。典例展示2Is everyone here?Not yet.Look，there _ (come) the rest of our guests!答案come解析本句中there放在句首，句子采用了倒装句式，谓语动词的单复数应该根据句子的主语the rest of our guests来判断。又由上句可知应用一般现在时，故填come。方法2结构分析法在一些试题中要注意区别一些特殊的句型，如倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句、祈使句等。典例展示1It was when we wer
12、e returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.答案that解析去掉It was及设空处后，句意及句子结构依然完整，由此可判断该句为强调句式，其结构为：“It is/was 被强调部分 that 其他”。本句被强调部分为时间状语从句when we were returning home。故填that。典例展示2Johns success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work _ has
13、 made him what he is today.答案that解析题干为强调句型，被强调部分为years of hard work，故填that。方法3固定句型判断法在平时的学习中，要掌握各种句型，注意积累一些经典的句型，把它们运用到日常写作中，以达到真正掌握的目的。典例展示English has a large vocabulary，hasnt it?Yes._ (know) more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.答案Know解析根据题干中的and和will就可以判断答
14、案是A。“祈使句and/or主语will.”结构，祈使句表示条件，相当于一个条件句，有时祈使句可用名词短语替代。跟踪训练考点突破.单句语法填空1It was not the word you said _ angered Mr.Zhang, but how you said it.2Only after Mary read her composition the second time _ she notice the spelling mistake.3How is the man injured in the accident?The doctor said if _ (treat) in
15、 a proper way, he was likely to be saved.4It was not until she lost her job _ she realized how important it is that one should study all the time.5I may take a long lunch break tomorrow. If _， I can go to the hairdressers then.6Absurd _ it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure st
16、ory in Africa.7On the top of the hill _ (stand) a temple where the old man once lived.8_ fun it is to take a rest after a long run!9Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while _ (train) him.10He said, “What a beautiful day! _ I wish I could go back to sleep! But now I have to g
17、o out and find some food.”.单句改错1It also help me understand the proverb “Practice makes perfect”_2Eating snacks are a bad habit and is also a waste of money._3You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I need in our class._4There are green grass and colorful flowers everywhere._5What y
18、ou have gained are the result of your hard work._6. I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want._7The old machine must be checked before used._8She rarely speaks to you in English, doesnt she？_9They had to cross the busy street, hadnt they？_10Only by shouting were he able to make himself heard._能
19、力提升阅读理解AIf you are an experienced manager with strong leadership skills who is looking for a challenging new career opportunity，join the Sbarro team today!Job ResponsibilitiesAs a Restaurant General Manager，you will supervise (监督) all matters connected with cooking in the kitchen，and build sales and
20、 profits for your store.As a Restaurant General Manager，you will take ownership of (全心地投入) all aspects of your restaurant.Your specific duties as a Restaurant General Manager will include：Making staff schedules and supervising payroll (工资单)Hiring，developing，evaluating and coaching staff membersDevel
21、oping relationships with all employeesJob RequirementsHigh energy，honesty and a strong work principle are important as a Restaurant General Managers work is not single，ranging from growing sales to sweeping the floor.35 years of management experience as a kitchen manager in a leadership role in a se
22、rvice industry；previous restaurant experience preferredEnjoying service industryAbility to keep a strong teamProficiency (熟练) with computer (particularly Microsoft Excel)EducationMinimum High School；College degree a plusBenefitsAs a Restaurant General Manager，you will be given four weeks of training
23、 in food preparation，financials，ordering，scheduling，operation of restaurant equipment and computer programs.Base salary is 5，000 per month.We value your hard work and will reward you with a competitive salary package which includes base salary，monthly performance bonuses and other benefits.Your bene
24、fits package as a Restaurant General Manager will include：Life insuranceShortterm/Longterm disability insuranceMeal discountPaid vacationFor further information，please visit the website .1What can we know about the Restaurant General Manager according to the passage?AHe doesnt know staffs salaries.B
25、His work is flexible.CHe should coach his staff once a week.DHe must develop relationships with all employers.2If you want to be the Restaurant General Manager，you must _Ahave a college degreeBhave restaurant experienceChave great interest in service industryDhave a certificate in Computer Science3S
26、barro Restaurant provides training for a new General Manager to_Ahelp do the daily work wellBhelp improve personal qualityChelp build selfconfidence in the leadership roleDhelp develop creativity in restaurant operations4Once hired by Sbarro Restaurant as a Restaurant General Manager，you will _Aenjo
27、y meals for freeBown four weeks of vacation each year Chave to receive training for about a monthDget bonuses much more than your base salaryBAsk someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling.Recycling in the home is very important of c
28、ourse.However，being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need.We are dealing with the results of that overconsumption in the greenest way possible，but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packag
29、ing increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005.It now makes up a third of a typical households waste in the UK.In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment.The UK，for example，is running out of it for
30、carrying this unnecessary waste.If such packaging is burnt，it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect.Recycling helps，but the process itself uses energy.The solution is not to produce such items in the first place.Food waste is a serious problem，too.Too many supermarket
31、s encourage customers to buy more than they need.However，a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue，encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags，for example.But this is not just about supermarkets.It is about all of us.We have learned to associate packaging with qualit
32、y.We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality.This is especially true of food.But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products，which often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope.As more of us recycle，we are beginning to realise just how much
33、unnecessary material we are collecting.We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture，but we have a mountain to climb.5What does the underlined phrase “overconsumption” refer to?AUsing too much packaging.BRecycling too many wastes.CMaking more products than necessary.DHaving more material
34、than is needed.6The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show _.Athe tendency of cutting household wasteBthe increase of packaging recyclingCthe rapid growth of supermarketsDthe fact of packaging overuse7What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?AUnpackaged products are of bad quality.BSupermarkets car
35、e more about packaging.CIt is improper to judge quality by packaging.DOther products are better packaged than food.8What can we learn from the last paragraph?AFighting wastefulness is difficult.BNeedless material is mostly recycled.CPeople like collecting recyclable wastes.DThe author is proud of th
36、eir consumer culture.CHundreds of years ago，a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland.The Scots，a brave people，love their country. They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland.But there were too many of the Romans.It looked as if the Romans would win.One night，the leader of
37、 the Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill.“We will rest here tonight，my men，”he said，“Tomorrow we will fight one more battle.We must win，or we will die.”They were all very tired.So they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep.There were four guards on duty，but they were very tired，too，an
38、d one by one，they fell asleep.The Romans were not asleep.Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill.Slowly they went up the hill.Closer they came to the sleeping Scots.They were almost at the top.A few minutes more the war would be over.Suddenly，one of them put his foot on a thistle(蓟)He cried ou
39、t and his sudden cry woke the Scots.In a minute they were on their feet and ready for a battle.The fighting was hard，but it did not last long.The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland.The thistle is not a beautiful plant.It has sharp needles all over it.Few people liked it.But the people of
40、Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower.9Hundreds of years ago，the Romans _Acame from the north through England to make war on ScotlandBcame to the north Scotland from England to make war on ScotlandCcame from the north of England to fight the ScotsDcame to the north from t
41、he south of Britain to fight the Scots10At the shout of a Roman soldier，all the Scots who were asleep at the hill _Abegan to fight the Romans hardBstood up without putting on their shoes and began to fightCwoke and rose immediately，ready to fightDput their feet into their shoes at once and were read
42、y to fight11The result of the war is that _Athe Romans killed all the ScotsBthe Scots were defeatedCthe Scots were driven out of ScotlandDthe Scots defeated the Romans12The Scots made thistle their national flower because thistle _Ais lovely，though not beautifulBgave them happinessCis a kind of usef
43、ul plantDhelped the Scots in wiping out the Romans第14讲运用分析法和还原法解决难以掌握的特殊句式考点突破.1.that2.did3.treated4.that5.so6.as/though7.stands8.What9.training10.How.1.helphelps2.areis3.knowknows4.areis5.areis6.want后加to7.used前加being8.doesntdoes9.hadntdidnt10.werewas能力提升1B细节理解题。在Job Responsibilities部分，根据“Making sta
44、ff schedules and supervising payroll (工资单)”可知A项错误；根据“Hiring，developing，evaluating and coaching staff members”可知C项错误；根据“Developing relationships with all employees”可知D项错误；根据“supervise (监督) all matters”可知经理的工作包含各个方面，需要经理灵活掌控。2C推理判断题。在Job Requirements部分，根据“EducationMinimum High School；College degree a
45、plus”可知A项错误；根据“previous restaurant experience preferred”可知B项错误；根据“Proficiency (熟练) with computer”可知D项错误；根据“Enjoying service industry”可知C项正确。3A推理判断题。根据Job Responsibilities中的“.you will take ownership of (全心地投入) all aspects of your restaurant.”可知这个训练的过程也是帮助饭店的业务提高的过程。4C细节理解题。根据Benefits部分的“.you will be
46、given four weeks of training.”可知培训的时间要维持一个月，C项正确；B项是对这个时间的误读；没有提及免费用餐，所以不能选择A项；根据“.monthly performance bonuses and other benefits.”可知bonus也就是补贴只是根据情况发放多少，并不是比底薪还高。D项错误。5D词义猜测题。根据第一段第三句“However，being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need.”可知，被迫循环利用意味着我们已经拥有更多的材料，因此产生了过度消费。故答案为D。6D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005.”以及第三段第一句“Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment.”可知，作者通过列数字说明过度包装问题。故答案为D。7C推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“We have learned to thi