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1、案例：电动机自由停车的时间较长，随惯性大小而不同，而某些生产机械要求迅速、准 确地停车，如镗床、车床的主电动机需快速 停车；起重机为使重物停位准确及现场安全 要求，也必须采用快速、可靠的制动方式,制动：,机械制动和电气制动,电气制动：,在电动机转子上加一个与转向相反 的制动电磁转矩，使电动机转速迅 速下降，或稳定在另一转速,常用,三相异步电动机制动控制电路,一、 机械制动 当电动机的定子绕组断电后，利 用机械装置使电动机立即停转。,电磁抱闸制动器,MZD1系列交流单相制动电磁铁 TJ2系列闸瓦制动器,1线圈 2衔铁 3铁心 4弹簧 5闸轮 6杠杆 7闸瓦 8轴,电磁抱闸制动器结构示意图,电磁抱
2、闸制动器工作原理示意图,1弹簧 2衔铁 3线圈 4铁心 5闸轮 6闸瓦 7杠杆,电源,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,FR,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,FR,M 3,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,合上电源开关QS,FR,FR,M 3,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,按下SB2 KM线圈得电,FR,FR,M 3,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,K
3、M1自锁触头闭合,自锁，松开SB2 电磁抱闸线圈YB得电，使抱闸的闸瓦与闸轮分开 KM1主触头闭合,电动机起动运行,FR,FR,M 3,电磁抱闸断电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM,SB2,SB1,KM,YB,QS,KM,停: 按SB1，接触器KM失电释放 电磁抱闸线圈YB也失电，在弹簧的作用下，闸瓦与闸轮紧紧抱住,FR,FR,M 3,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,FR,SB1,SB2,KM1,YB,QS,KM1,FR,M 3,KM2,KM2,KM1,电路组成分析,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,
4、QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,合上电源开关QS,KM2,FR,FR,M 3,FU2,YB,KM2,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,按下SB1 KM1线圈得电,KM2,FR,FR,M 3,FU2,YB,KM2,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM1自锁触头闭合,自锁，松开SB1 KM1联锁触头断开，KM1主触头闭合 电动机起动运行 电磁抱闸线圈YB不得电,KM2,FR,FR,M 3,YB,KM2,FU2,电磁抱闸通电制动控制线路,L1L2L3
5、,FU1,KM1,SB1,SB2,KM1,QS,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,停： 按下SB2 KM1线圈失电释放 KM2线圈得电， KM2主触头闭合 电磁抱闸线圈YB得电，使闸瓦与闸轮紧紧抱住,FR,FR,M 3,YB,FU2,二、电气制动 电动机产生一个和电动机实际旋转方向相反的电磁转矩，使电动机迅速停转。,（一）能耗制动 电动机切断交流电源后，立即在定子线组的任意两相中通入直流电，利用转子感应电流受静止磁场的作用以达到制动目的。,M 3,L1L2L3,KM1,FR,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,FR,KM1,KT,KM2,V,U,W,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,
6、单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,KM2,电路组成分析,定子绕组直流电通路,KM2,V,KM2,L3,N,V,定子绕组直流电通路,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,合上电源开关QS 按下SB1 KM1线圈得电,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,KM2,V,M 3,FR,FR,V,U,W,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,KM1自锁触头闭合 KM1主触头闭合 KM1联锁触头分断,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路
7、,KM2,V,M 3,FR,FR,V,U,W,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,KM2,V,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,按下SB2 KM1线圈失电 KM1自锁触头分断 KM1主触头分断 KM1联锁触头闭合 KM2线圈得电 KT线圈得电,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,M 3,FR,FR,V,U,W,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,KM2,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,KM2自锁触头闭合 KM2主触头分断闭合 电动机半波能耗制动 KM2联锁触头分断 KT瞬
8、时闭合触头闭合 松开SB2,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,V,M 3,FR,FR,V,U,W,L1L2L3,KM1,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KT,KM2,KM2,V,QS,FU1,FU2,KT,KT,KM2,KT延时断开触头延时分断 KM2线圈失电 KT线圈失电 各触头复位,单向启动能耗制动自动控制线路,M 3,FR,FR,V,U,W,FU2,FR,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,M 3,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,FR,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制
9、线路,电路组成分析,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,合上电源开关QS 按下SB1 KM1线圈得电,FR,M 3,FR,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,KM1自锁触头闭合 KM1主触头闭合 KM1联锁触头分断 松开SB1,FR,M 3
10、,FR,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,按下SB1 KM1线圈失电 KM1自锁触头分断 KM1主触头分断 KM1联锁触头闭合 KM2线圈得电 KT线圈得电,FR,M 3,FR,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,KM2自锁触头闭合 KM
11、2主触头分断闭合 电动机半波能耗制动 KM2联锁触头分断 KT瞬时闭合触头闭合 松开SB1,FR,M 3,FR,FU2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KT,KT,KT,KM2,KM2,KM1,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,QS,FU3,VC,TC,R,KM2,V,U,W,3,KM2,有变压器桥式整流能耗制动控制线路,KT延时断开触头延时分断 KM2线圈失电 KT线圈失电 各触头复位,FR,M 3,FR,（二）反接制动 .反接制动原理 在停车时，把电动机反接，则其定子旋转磁场便反向旋转，在转子上产生的电磁转矩亦随之变为反向，成为制动转矩。,单向启动反接制动控制,M 3,L1L2L3,F
12、U1,FU2,KM1,KM2,FR,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM2,KM1,KM2,FR,QS,KM1,n,KS,KM2,KS,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,QS,KM1,n,KS,KM2,KS,合上电源 开关QS,M 3,KM1,FR,KM2,FR,KM1,KM2,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,n,KS,KM2,KS,按下SB1 KM1线圈得电,M 3,KM1,FR,KM2,FR,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,
13、SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,KS,KM2,KS,KM1自锁触头闭合,自锁，松开SB1 KM1主触头闭合,电动机起动，运行 在转速高到一定值时，KS闭合,M 3,KM1,FR,KM2,FR,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,KM2,KS,停： 按下SB2 KM1失电释放 KM2线圈得电，KM2主触头闭合，电动机串联电阻反接，反接制动 KM2自锁触头闭合,M 3,KM1,FR,KM2,FR,KS,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,KM1,KM2,KS,停： 松开SB2 继续反接制动,M 3,KM1,FR,KM2,FR,KS,单向启动反接制动控制,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM2,SB1,KM1,SB2,KM1,KM2,QS,n,KM2,KS,当转速降低到一定值时，KS断开 KM2线圈失电，各触头复位,M 3,KM1,FR,KM2,FR,KM1,KS,