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1、THE INVISIBLE POOR,UNIT FOUR Text I,Michael Harrington,The invisibility of the poor in the U.S.A is an undeniable fact, but why is this so? Harrington enumerates succinctly the various causes which can be classified into three categories. See p. 52, students book. Go over the text within 5 minutes t
2、o identify the sentences that show the reasons and the paragraphs that are concerned with these reasons.,Analysis,Reasons that make the other America an invisible land,The normal and obvious causes of the invisibility of the poor: (4-5) Poverty is often off the beaten track. Beauty and myths are mas
3、ks of poverty. A new kind of blindness about poverty: (6-14) Transformation of the American city isolates the poor from sight of others. Well-meaning ignorance keeps concerned and sympathetic Americans from knowing the truth about the poor. Mass production enables the best-dressed poverty to exist.
4、Many of the poor are the wrong age to be seen. Political invisibility the dispossessed at the bottom of society cannot speak for themselves. (15-17),Poverty is often off the beaten track. (para. 4),What, according to Harrington, has rendered poverty less visible in rural America? What is the evidenc
5、e to demonstrate poverty? - towns like the movie sets in the thirties - company houses in rows - rutted roads - black and dirty - unemployed men in the bar - women working in a runaway sweatshop,Beauty and myths are perennial masks of poverty. (para. 5),What are the beauty and myths that hide povert
6、y? - the hills, the streams, the foliage What is the poverty hidden? - a run-down mountain house makes the travelers jealous - undereducated, underprivileged, lack of medical care, forced into the city life they are badly adjusted to,Transformation of the American city isolates the poor from sight o
7、f others. (paras. 8 & 9),Provide evidence that although the poor are living in the central city, they are isolated from contacts with, or sight of, anybody else. - The poor are living in the miserable housing / slums / tenements or hovels in the central area surrounded by towering, modern buildings
8、so that they are inconspicuous of the sight of anyone else. - Almost everyone pass through the Negro ghetto or the blocks of tenements - middle-class women on the way to an evening at the theater, the business or professional men driving downtown to work, but they take no notice of the failures, the
9、 unskilled, the disabled, the aged, and the minorities, and their children are segregated in suburban schools.,Well-meaning ignorance keeps concerned and sympathetic Americans from knowing the truth about the poor. (para. 10),Why does the author say the middle class take a well-meaning ignorance of
10、the poor? - Witnessing the slums, tenements or hovels have been replaced by towering, modern buildings, these concerned and sympathetic Americans assume that the poor are being taken care of and nothing should be worried about.,Mass production enables the best-dressed poverty to exist. (paras. 11 &
11、12),What is the relevance of the benefits of the mass production with the best-dressed poverty? - It is because of the mass production that make the clothes at the price that can be afforded even by the poor so that the poor are also decently dressed. Even people with meager incomes can dress well.
12、How do you understand “it is much easier in the United States to be decently dressed than it is to be decently housed, fed, or doctored”?,Mass production enables the best-dressed poverty to exist. (paras. 11 & 12),Provide evidence for the decently-dressed poverty. - No people are in work clothes or
13、in rags in the street because of the lockers in the plants, but in slacks and white shirts, or in stylishly cut suit or dress, even though they are hungry.,Many of the poor are the wrong age to be seen. (paras. 13 & 14),What are the age groups where poverty is more likely to be found? Why are they n
14、ot easy to be seen? - the groups of people at 65 years of age or better and those under 18 - the aged poor: sick, cant move, live in loneliness, stay in the neighborhood - the young poor: stay close to their neighborhood, not disturb that of the middle class and remain unnoticed except when they com
15、mit gang killing,The poor are politically invisible. (paras. 15-17),Why are the poor politically invisible? - They are unable to speak for themselves because they have no face, no voice. - No politicians care about them because their slums are no longer the centers of powerful political organization
16、s, only those unions without any great political power articulate their needs.,Paras. 1-2,intellect and will: - intelligence and will power How do you account for Harringtons use in para. 2 of the first person singular, which is not found anywhere else in the passage?,Para. 6,What is this paragraph
17、about? Or, what is the function of this paragraph? - transitional paragraph: the first sentence summarizes the two causes discussed in the previous paragraphs; the third sentence elicits another major cause of the invisible poverty.,Para. 18,Can you see the difference between “neglected, forgotten”
18、and “not seen”? What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? - to strengthen his call for the attention to the poverty in the U.S.,Comprehension exercises I, II,Writing techniques: transitions,unity,Paragraph writing exercises I, II,Text II Meanwhile, Humans Eat Pet Food,Read the text an
19、d finish doing the multiple-choice questions on page 39 in the workbook within 10 minutes. This article seems to be a narration, telling the authors personal experiences of consuming pet food and his observations on human consumption of pet food in the order of time sequence / in a chronological ord
20、er. Try to understand his own experiences and observations one after another by completing the table below.,Post-reading assignment,Work out a bulletin about the poverty problem in China collaboratively.,Reasons that make the other America an,invisible land,The poor are politically invisible. (paras
21、. 15-17),What are the words illustrating “no face” and “no voice” ? - no face: no unions, organizations, political parties, or lobbies; atomized - no voice: unable to speak for themselves, no legislative program,The poor are politically invisible. (paras. 15-17),How do you understand the sentence “t
22、here is not even a cynical political motive for caring about the poor, as in the old days”? - In the old days, there might be some concern for the poor shown by some people to achieve their own purposes. Their motive of doing so would be cynical. But today, there is not even that kind of concern bec
23、ause slums are no longer visible to the middle class.,The poor are politically invisible. (paras. 15-17),Why is the existence of cheap unorganized labor a menace to wages and working conditions throughout the entire economy? - The cheap unorganized labor work in poor condition and receive poor pay. Therefore, more wages should be paid to them and better working condition should be provided for them.,Para. 7,forays into the slums at Christmas time charitable organizations Negro ghetto or the blocks of tenements,