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1、刷题大卷练(五)第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2019烟台高考诊断性测试Dogs and humans have been living sidebyside for about 15 000 years, but there are tons of facts about dogs that perhaps we have never heard of.Night visionDogs have good night vision. Their large pupils l
2、et more light in and the rods(视杆细胞) work better in poor light. But the biggest factor is the tapetum(反光组织), which reflects light at the back of the eye. Besides, dogs whiskers(胡须) also help them “see” in the dark because they pick up on very small changes in air, providing dogs with information abou
3、t the size, shape, and speed of things nearby.Secret tail codeDogs can use their tails to communicate. They wag their tails to the right when they are relaxed or happy, and to the left when nervous or threatened. When theyre aggressive, the tails will stick straight up in the air. A broad wag is fri
4、endly while a slow wag is neutral, neither excited nor anxious.DreamsWe often see a dogs body making sudden movements in its sleep. Dogs have the same brain wave patterns as humans while they are asleep, so they dream just like we do.Super noseDogs can find their way home despite long distances. The
5、ir noses are a vital part of their incredible sense of direction. The part of a dogs brain that controls smell is 40 times larger than humans. Theyre able to follow smells for miles. Furthermore, dogs have an amazing ability to recognize the smells given off by the abnormal cells in human bodies, in
6、cluding cancer. This is something scientists are eager to explore further. And interestingly, a dogs “fingerprint” is on its nose. The patterns on dogs noses are so distinct that they can actually be used to identify the animals.A sixth senseDogs act strangely before something bad, like a storm or e
7、arthquake, happens, for they are sensitive to low frequencies that humans cant sense. So dont let their strange behavior go unnoticed next time. It could save your life.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于狗的一些信息。1Which of the following indirectly helps dogs see well in the dark?ATheir rods. BTheir tapetum.CThei
8、r whiskers. DTheir pupils.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。由第二段第四句Besides, dogs whiskers(胡须) also help them “see” in the dark because they pick up on very small changes in air, providing dogs with information about the size, shape, and speed of things nearby.可知，狗的胡须能间接帮助它们在黑暗中看清东西，故正确答案为C。2If a dog holds up the tail,
9、it indicates _.Ahappiness Battack Cfriendliness Drelaxation答案与解析：B考查细节理解。由第三段第三句“When theyre aggressive, the tails will stick straight up in the air.”可知，当狗的尾巴笔直竖起时，它们有攻击性，故正确答案为B。3What hasnt been discovered about a dog?AWhy it can sense natural disasters.BWhy it has an acute sense of smell.CWhat emo
10、tions it shows with its tail.DHow it can smell humans illnesses.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。该题问的是有关狗的信息还有什么没有被发现。根据最后一段第一句可知，狗能感受到自然灾害是因为它们能感知到人类无法感知的低频率；根据第五段第三句可知，狗有敏锐的嗅觉是因为狗的大脑里控制嗅觉的部分比人类的要大40倍；根据第三段内容可知，狗的尾巴可以表达它的情绪；根据第五段倒数第三、四句可知，狗如何能嗅到人类的疾病还需要进一步的探索，故正确答案为D。B2019洛阳、许昌高三质量检测Looking back on my childhood, I am
11、 convinced that naturalists are born and not made.Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.I have only the un
12、memorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.I am a natural
13、ist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other peoples observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these o
14、bservations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honour with the title of scientific research.But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: One of the outstanding and e
15、ssential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only selfdiscipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身
16、的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。【熟词生义】result常用义：n.结果例句：His views are the direct result of the time he spent in Africa.他的观点是他在非洲那段日子的直接产物。本句义：v.产生；造成例句：The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of deaths.气旋已经造成了成千上万的人死亡。【难句分析】But I do have a crystalclear memory of the dogs, the farm animals，the lo
17、cal birds，and above all the insects.分析：本句是一个强调句，对句子的谓语have进行强调，助动词do放在谓语之前。译文：但是我确实非常清楚地记得那些狗，农场的动物，当地的鸟类，尤其是昆虫。4What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?AWildlife. BMusic.CLanguages. DLiterature.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs，the farm animals，t
18、he local birds，and above all the insects”可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A。【干扰项分析】根据第二段最后两句“Unlike them，I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths”可知，B、C、D三项错误，故排除。5Why cant the author remember his relatives clearly?AHe didnt live with them for long.BThe
19、 family was extremely large.CHe was fully occupied with observing nature.DHe was too young when he lived with them.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs，the farm animals，the local birds，and above all the insects”可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“I
20、 have a strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选C。6According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?ABeing knowledgeable. BBeing selfdisciplined.CBeing full of ambition. DBeing full of enthusiasm.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist.I have a str
21、ong love of the natural world，and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情促使作者不停地去探索，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。7Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?AHe thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.BHe thinks he has much trouble
22、 doing mental arithmetic.CHe thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.DHe thinks he just reads about other peoples observations.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句“But curiosity，a keen eye，a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and
23、 essential qualities required is selfdiscipline，a quality I lack”可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质，故选A。C2019洛阳、许昌高三质量检测试卷“Time is a problem for kids，” states a news report for a new Swiss watch. Children in some countries “learn time slowly”because “they dont wear watches” and “parents dont
24、 really know how to teach them time”. The kids grow up with this handicap and become adults and then cant get to work on time. Is there an answer to this problem? Of course its the Flik Flak, made by a famous Swiss watch company.The Flik Flak is being marketed as a teaching watch for children aged 4
25、 to 10. The watch itself does not teach kids how to tell time, and of course it merely “controls their imagination” by presenting the “hour” hand as a beautiful red girl named Flak and the “minute” hand as a tall blue boy named Flik. Flik points to corresponding blue minute numbers on the dial, whil
26、e Flak points to red hour numbers, which is supposed to teach young children how to tell time.The watch comes equipped with a standard battery and a nylon band. Peter Lipkin, the United States sales manager for the Flik Flak, calls it “Kidproof”： if it gets dirty you can throw the whole watch in the
27、 washing machine. The product is being sold in select department stores in Europe, Asia and the United States for a suggested price of $25. Parents who buy the watch may discover that it is one thing for kids to tell time; and its quite another for them to be on time.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款可以教孩子们看时间的
28、手表。【难句分析】Flik points to corresponding blue minute numbers on the dial，while Flak points to red hour numbers，which is supposed to teach young children how to tell time.分析：本句是一个复合句。while引导状语从句，表对比；which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰前面整个句子。译文：Flik指向表盘上相应的蓝色分钟数字，而Flak则指向表盘上红色的小时数字，这应该能教孩子们如何看时间。8Why does the wri
29、ter use the question in the first paragraph?ATo stress the role of time.BTo draw readers attention to the topic.CTo emphasize parents importance to kids.DTo invite readers to answer it.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第一段以及对全文的整体理解可推知，第一段的问题目的是吸引读者的注意力，从而导入本文的主题，故选B。9What does the underlined word “handicap” in the f
30、irst paragraph refer to?AChildrens lack of concept of time.BChildrens conflict on time with parents.CParents overreaction to childrens unpunctuality.DParents neglect on childrens education.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第一段第二句和画线词所在句中的“and then cant get to work on time”可推知，由于缺乏时间概念，这些孩子们长大后上班不能准时，故选A。10How does th
31、e watch contribute to teaching children how to tell time?ABy being decorated with different fairies.BBy arranging the face in a fantastic order.CWith creative designs effective on children.DWith the colorful “minute” hand and “second” hand.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“it merely controls their imagination b
32、y presenting the hour hand as a beautiful red girl named Flak and the minute hand as a tall blue boy named Flik. which is supposed to teach young children how to tell time”可推知，这款手表的特色在于其特别的设计，这有利于“控制孩子们的想象力”，从而让其对时间有一定的概念，故选C。11What does Peter Lipkin think of the watch?AIts effective in teaching chi
33、ldren time.BIts the childrens favourite watch.CIt can be easily damaged.DIts adaptable and durable.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据最后一段第二句“Peter Lipkin, the United States sales manager for the Flik Flak, calls it Kidproof： if it gets dirty you can throw the whole watch in the washing machine”可知，Peter Lipkin认为这款表适应性
34、强且持久耐用，故选D。【干扰项分析】Peter Lipkin并没有提到与A项、B项相关的信息；C项与最后一段第二句“Peter Lipkin, the United States sales manager for the Flik Flak, calls it Kidproof： if it gets dirty you can throw the whole watch in the washing machine”相悖，故排除。D2019陕西省部分学校摸底检测Scientists are preparing to launch the worlds first machine to cl
35、ean up the planets largest mass of ocean plastic.The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patch about 40,000 metric tons within five years. In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and
36、form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever made.The system, originally dreamt up by Mr. Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, between Hawaii and California, which contains estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic. It will be the f
37、irst ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997.Mr. Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea. “There were more bags than fish down there，” he recalls. Two years later he came up with a solutio
38、n, quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company. Mr. Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone. “We as humanity created this problem, so I think its also our responsibility to help solve it，” he says.The Creat Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP)
39、covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79,000 tons of plastic, research found last month. Most of it is made up of “ghost gear” parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes often from illegal fishing vessels.Ghost gear kills more than 100,000 whales
40、, dolphins and seals each year, according to scientific surveys. Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic. Creatures eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking its food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly
41、. Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。【难句分析】In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest f
42、loating barrier ever made.分析：这是一个主从复合句。that引导定语从句，在从句中充当主语，指代前面的giant tubes；and连接定语从句中的两个并列谓语；现在分词短语“creating the largest floating barrier ever made”作状语。译文：过去几周，他们一直在忙于将大型管道焊接在一起，这些管道将被放在海面上，构成机器的骨架，创建出有史以来最大的浮动屏障。12What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean?AWaste. BOcean.C
43、System. DMachine.答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。根据第二段画线词前的“collect half of”和第四段第一句中的“first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea”和第五段最后一句中的“parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes often from illegal fishing vessels”可推知，画线词的意思是“垃圾”，故选A。13Which one makes up most of the garbag
44、e in Pacific from the passage?AFishing vessels. BDolphins and seals.CGiant tubes. DAbandoned fishing gear.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第五段最后一句“Most of it is made up of ghost gear parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes often from illegal fishing vessels”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。14Why do
45、 some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation?ABecause they are killed by ghost gear.BBecause they are suffocated by ghost gear.CBecause they dont like eating plastic.DBecause they are not feeding properly.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“but then starve to death because they are n
46、ot feeding properly”可知，大太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因为它们不能合理地进食。15What is the main idea of the passage?AA report about the death of marine life.BNews about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic.CInformation about ocean plastic.DThe reason for inventing a machine.答案与解析：B考查主旨大意。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。
47、第一段“Scientists are preparing to launch the worlds first machine to clean up the planets largest mass of ocean plastic”点明了文章的主题，故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2019惠州高三调研考试试题 Gratitude is not only an art performed in daily life, but also part of our traditional virtu
48、e. Has your mother or friend told you that youre an ungrateful person? Do you feel unable to appreciate the world or people around you? Are you obsessed with things you dont have instead of being thankful for what you do have? _16_， then you will definitely need to work on being a more grateful person.Showing grati