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1、刷题大卷练(八)第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2019武汉市质检Sometimes we start a day with the previous day still in mind. We think about the mistakes we made in the previous day, how things went wrong, and how we felt bad about it. No wonder it becomes difficult to fo
2、cus on the current day.Here are some steps on how to start your new day：1Take time to evaluate your dayAt the end of a day, take some time to think about it. The purpose of this thinking time is not to regret how bad your day was, how things went wrong, or how people treated you badly. This wont do
3、you any good. Instead, the purpose of this thinking time is to extract (获得) lessons which you can bring to the following day.2Make a commitment to apply the lessonsAfter you extract the lessons, you should make a commitment to apply them. To do so, find some actionable things you can do to apply the
4、 lessons. Next, remind yourself to do them. You may write them down if you want to.3“Close” your dayAfter you have spent the time thinking about the day and extracting the lessons, make a decision to “close” the day. You are done with it; dont think about it anymore.4Bring only the lessons to the ne
5、xt day and nothing elseAfter you “close” a day, you should not bring anything out of it to the next day except for the lessons you extract. Focus on applying the lessons to the present. This way you will be able to start your day without the burden of yesterday.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了如何开始你新的一天。【难句分析】In
6、stead, the purpose of this thinking time is to extract (获得) lessons which you can bring to the following day.分析：本句是一个主从复合句，其中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词lessons。译文：相反，这个思考时间的目的是获得你可以带到第二天的经验。1What will happen if we think too much about the past?AThere will be a disaster.BThere will be good results.CWe wont hav
7、e a peaceful mind.DWe surely wont finish todays task.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“We think about the mistakes we made in the previous day, how things went wrong, and how we felt bad about it. No wonder it becomes difficult to focus on the current day”可推知，如果我们对过去想得太多，我们将不会有一颗平静的心。2When should we draw lesson
8、s from the past mistakes?AAt the end of a day.BWhen we make mistakes.CAt the beginning of a day.DWhen we regret making mistakes.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据“Take time to evaluate your day”中的“At the end of a day, take some time to think about it”“the purpose of this thinking time is to extract (获得) lessons which
9、 you can bring to the following day”可知，我们应该在一天结束的时候从过去的错误中吸取教训。3Why should we extract lessons from the past day?ATo set them down.BTo consider them again.CTo make a better decision.DTo apply them to the present.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Focus on applying the lessons to the present. This way you will be
10、 able to start your day without the burden of yesterday”可知，我们从过去的一天获得经验以供现在使用。BFor children, eating with their families is not only about preventing bad outcomes it is also about developing good ones. Several studies have looked at the longterm effects eating with families has on children. Experts s
11、ay that these studies do not seem to prove a causeandeffect relationship. However, they do suggest a strong correlation.About three years ago, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) looked at data from nearly three quarters of the worlds countries. Among its findings was th
12、e fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school.Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to be badlybehaved. That is a finding of a study by The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) at Columbia University
13、 in New York. In the CASA report, titled “The Importance of Family Dinners ”， researchers say, “Teens who have frequent family dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about whats really going on in their lives .” They also claim that when teens say they feel closer to their parents,
14、they are less likely to behave badly.Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families experience longterm physical and mental health benefits. These children were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary soft drinks. They also seemed to have bett
15、er social skills.One researcher, Linda Pagani says that there is “a handful of research suggesting a positive link between eating family meals together frequently and child and adolescent health”. Pagani says that mealtimes shared with parents “likely provide young children with firsthand social int
16、eraction, discussions of social affairs and daytoday concerns”. She adds that they may likely help the children have better communication skills with others.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了与家人一起进餐对孩子的好处，这不但能防止不良后果的发生，而且能帮助孩子形成好的习惯。这种关系已被多项科学研究所证明。【长难句分析】1.Several studies have looked at the longterm effects eating
17、 with families has on children.分析：本句是主从复合句，句子看似简单，但理解起来有一定的难度。主句是Several studies have looked at the longterm effects，其后是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词longterm effects。译文：有几项研究探索了与家人一同进餐对孩子的长期影响。2Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip sch
18、ool.分析：这是一个复合句。that引导的是同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容；who引导定语从句修饰students。同时主句是一个完全倒装句，是表语和系动词前置引起的全部倒装。 译文：其发现之一是与家人共进正餐的学生逃学的可能性更小。4What does the underlined word “correlation” mean?Aeffect BcauseCoutcome Dtie答案与解析：D考查词义猜测。文章第一段中谈到，研究似乎并没有证明两者之间有着必然的因果关系，但是作者笔锋一转，引出它们之间还是有一定关系(tie)的。下文也从多个角度说明了这种联系。5In which as
19、pect can eating together influence children according to the OECD?AAcademic performance. BPhysical health.CMental health. DSocial skills.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据题干的OECD把线索定位到文章第二段，第二段最后一句说明与家人共进正餐的学生逃学的可能性更小，所以可推知，是否一起进餐对学生的学业水平有影响，故选A项。6How do children benefit from eating family meals together according to
20、 Pagani?ABy having healthy food and drinks.BBy forming good eating habits.CBy becoming more social.DBy understanding their parents life.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段中的“likely provide young children with firsthand social interaction, discussions of social affairs and daytoday concerns”“they may likely help
21、the children have better communication skills with others”可知，Pagani认为跟家人一起进餐能让孩子亲身接触社交，并参与对社会事务的讨论等，这很可能帮助孩子跟他人更好地交流。由此可知，Pagani认为孩子可以通过跟家人一起用餐来提高自己的交际能力，故选C项。7What is mainly talked about in the passage?AEasy tips on eating family meals.BBenefits of family dinners to children.CLinks between eating t
22、ogether and child health.DFindings of studies about enjoying family dinners.答案与解析：B考查主旨大意。这篇文章的主题是与家人一起进餐对孩子的好处，故B项概括得最为全面。C2019湖北八中联考Coke was introduced by the Coca Cola company in 1886, making it a rather true and tested favorite of generations of people in over 200 countries. This list should giv
23、e you some ideas on how to get more from your coke than usual.1. Coca Cola is an excellent rust buster (除锈剂). If you have a bunch of small rusty objects, put them in coke overnight and give them a good scrub in the morning. Coke helps to break down the rust, making cleaning much easier. Be sure to t
24、hrow out the used coke when you are done with it or you might be taking a trip to the doctor.2. Like the previous item, the citric acid (柠檬酸) in coke makes for an excellent window cleaner. This is especially useful for car windows. Pour a can of coke over the window and rub the window, then wipe it
25、off with a wet cloth to remove any sugary matter from the sugar in the drink. As coke is full of sugar, you should clean the sticky matter off the window glasses, or it will be not a cleaner but a dirt.3. For those of you who live in areas where skunk (臭鼬) smells can be an issue from time to time, o
26、ne can of coke added to water with detergent (清洁剂) really helps to break the smell down. If you have been sprayed, stand in the shower and cover yourself from head to toe with coke wait for a few minutes, then wash yourself with a shower. Coke is an excellent hair treatment so you get two tips for t
27、he price of one with this item!4. Pots can sometimes get black on the bottom. The black is almost impossible to remove; this is caused by overcooking. To remove the black and renew your pot, pour in a can of coke (or as much as you need to cover the blackened area by an inch) and put it on the stove
28、 on a low heat. After an hour or so, wash the pot as normal.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了可口可乐在日常生活中的一些妙用。【亮点句积累】Coke was introduced by the Coca Cola company in 1886, making it a rather true and tested favorite of generations of people in over 200 countries.(第一段第一句)译文：可乐于1886年被可口可乐公司引进，这使它成为在200多个国家中几代人的相当真实且被验
29、证过的最爱。8What does the underlined word “scrub” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AStart. BCleaning.CShake. DExample.答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。根据第二段内容可知，如果你有一堆生锈的小物件，把它们放在可乐里泡一个晚上，第二天早上好好清洁一下，铁锈就能被除去。由此可推知，scrub意为“清洁”，故选B项。9What is important while using coke to clean car windows?AUse a dry cloth.BRub the window lightly
30、.CDont pour too much coke.DClean the sugary matter thoroughly.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。由第三段最后一句“As coke is full of sugar, you should clean the sticky matter off the window glasses, or it will be not a cleaner but a dirt.”可知，用可口可乐清洗车窗时，把含糖物质完全擦干净很重要，故选D项。10For which purpose does coke have to be mixed with other
31、 material?ATo get rid of the black on the pot.BTo break down the rust.CTo remove smells.DTo clean windows.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。由第四段第一句“For those of you who live in areas where skunk (臭鼬) smells can be an issue from time to time，one can of coke added to water with detergent (清洁剂), really helps to break the
32、smell down.”可知，为了去除异味，可乐应与其他物质混合，故选C项。11What type of writing is this text?AAn advertisement. BA review.CA news report. DA practical guide.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了可口可乐在日常生活中的一些妙用；由此可推知，本文最有可能是一篇生活指南，故选D项。D2019西宁检测For more than twenty years scientists have been searching for signs of life on other
33、 planets. Most of these searches have been done over the radio. The hope is that someone in outer space may be trying to get in touch with us. Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships traveling through space, on the chance that someone may be receptive to such messages.S
34、cientists are using powerful radio telescopes to listen to signals from about 1,000 stars, all within 100 light years of the earth. In addition, they will scan (扫描) the entire sky to “listen” for radio messages from more distant stars. Using a computer, they will be able to monitor more than eight c
35、hannels at one time. Scientists are looking for any signal that stands out from the background noise.Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, scientists find that five percent are like our sun. Perhaps half of them have a planet like the earth. Such a planet would be a reasonable distance f
36、rom the star for temperatures to be right for the evolution (进化) of life. Based on the inhabitable planets (that can be lived in) in our galaxy, most scientists agree that chances are likely that one or more of these planets support some life.However, many scientists wonder whether intelligent life
37、exists on other planets. Some believe that twenty years of searching without any intelligible (易懂的) messages shows that no one is out there. They say that the evolution of intelligence comparable to ours is unlikely.Other scientists believe that our search hasnt been long enough to rule out the poss
38、ibility that intelligent life exists in our galaxy. Although our sun family is only about five billion years old, our galaxy is about 20 billion years old. In that time, some scientists think it is likely that civilizations much more advanced than ours have developed. Perhaps these civilizations sen
39、d us no signals; perhaps we have not recognized the signals they have sent us. If we hope to find intelligent life, these scientists believe that we have to keep looking.【文章大意】 本文讨论了外太空是否存在生命。迄今为止，科学家们尝试了多种方法寻找外太空生命，但都没有得到回应。【难句分析】Other scientists believe that our search hasnt been long enough to ru
40、le out the possibility that intelligent life exists in our galaxy. 分析：此句是一个复合句。句中的“that our search hasnt been long enough to rule out the possibility”是一个宾语从句；“that intelligent life exists in our galaxy”是一个同位语从句。译文：其他科学家认为，我们的研究时间还不够长，不足以排除在我们的银河系中存在智慧生命的可能性。 12According to the passage, how many plan
41、ets in our galaxy might be inhabitable? A15 billion. B10 billion. C5 billion. D200 billion.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中的“Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, scientists find that five percent are like our sun. Perhaps half of them have a planet like the earth”可知，在银河系中有2万亿颗恒星，其中5%的恒星像我们的太阳，也就是
42、100亿颗恒星像我们的太阳，而在这100亿颗恒星中有一半的恒星有一颗像地球一样的行星，故答案为C。 13The first paragraph in this passage is mainly about _. Awhy scientists are looking for signs of life on other planetsBhow scientists are looking for signs of life on other planetsCwhere scientists are looking for signs of life on other planetsDwhen
43、 scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets答案与解析：B考查段落大意。根据第一段中的“Most of these searches have been done over the radio”和“Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships traveling through space, on the chance that someone may be receptive to such messages”可知，本段主要介绍
44、了科学家们通过向太空发射无线电信号和电视信号的方式来寻找外太空生命，故答案为B。 14The underlined word “monitor” in the passage means“_ ”Afind BfollowCform Dcheck答案与解析：D考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Using a computer, they will be able to monitor more than eight channels at one time”可知，科学家们向太空发射无线电信号以后，使用计算机对这些信号进行监测，希望能够捕捉到外太空生命的痕迹。check“检查”与画线词意思相近，故答案
45、为D。 15Which of these statements is true based on the information in the passage? AScientists are trying different ways to find signs of life on other planets. BMost scientists believe that there is intelligent life on other planets. CThe earth is one of the oldest planets in our galaxy.DScientists d
46、ont believe that there might be life on other planets.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的“Most of these searches have been done over the radio”和“Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships traveling through space, on the chance that someone may be receptive to such messages”可知，科学家们正在使用
47、各种方法研究外太空生命是否存在，故答案为A。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Stop Worrying About Being Perfect2019重庆第二次调研We dont have to be perfect all the time. Perfection is an illusion (幻想) because we are all humans. _16_ Even something like a weather report or a stock prediction is
48、 out of date the second its released (发布)Question your thinking._17_ Its so subjective. Its up to us. Its not what someone else does, has, or delivers. So, ask yourself, “What do I really want？” When you find out ooh! What a relief!_18_Sheryl Sandberg explains that she constantly gets long emails from customers and colleagues that want long responses in return. But busy as she is, she often replies in one sentenc