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1、Unit Unit 1 1 Living wellLiving well（3 3） 一、动词不定式概述 1动词不定式是由to动词原形构成(有时可以省略 to)。动词不定式的否定形式是not 动词不定式 (not 不与助动词连用)。 2动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。 3动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能，可在句中作多种句子成分。 4动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。 二、动词不定式的句法功能 1动词不定式作主语。 (1)可以直接作主语。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 (2)用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语即不
2、定式放在后面。 Its wrong to make fun of others.取笑别人是错误的。 2动词不定式作宾语。 (1)不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词后面，常见的有：afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish 等。 He pretended to be reading.他假装正在读书。 Ive decided to go abroad now.现在我已决定出国。 (2)动词不定式作动词 know, tell,
3、 show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss 等词的宾语时，前面常 带 whether或疑问词。即：whether/疑问词(how, when, where, what, who 等)to do。 We dont know whether to accept the invitation.我们并不知道是否接受邀请。 He showed us how to do the work.他教我们怎样做这项工作。 (3)在find/feel/thinkitadj./n.to do sth.句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是 后面的动
4、词不定式。 The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep.楼下的人发觉很难入睡。 1 (4)forget, remember, stop, go on 等之后接动词ing 形式和不定式意义差别较大。 stop to do sth.停止一件事去做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止正在做的事 remember to do sth.记住去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已做了某事 regret to do sth.遗
5、憾要去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 3动词不定式作表语。 (1)直接放在 be动词之后，表示一个具体的内容，起解释说明的作用，一般可以由 that 引导 的表语从句替代。 My ambition is to become a lawyer.我的理想是成为一名律师。 (2)位于 seem, appear, remain, prove 等系动词之后。 The old man seems to be ill.那位老人似乎病了。 4动词不定式作状语。 (1)作目的状语。 They went there to visit their teacher.他们去那拜访老师。 (2)作
6、结果状语。 He searched the room only to find nothing.他找遍了房间，结果什么也没有找到。 (3)作程度状语。 He was too excited not to say a few words.他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。 (4)作原因状语。 某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐的形容词作表语时，后跟不定式表示原因。 I am very glad to see you.见到你我非常高兴。 (5)作独立成分，修饰全句。 To tell you the truth, I have got no money with me.说实话，我没有钱。 5动词不定式作定语。 (1
7、)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、 工具等，不 定式后面须有相应的介词。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家人有幢很舒适的房子住。 2 (2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态， 也可用被动 语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较： Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？ (不定式 to send的动作执行者是你) (3)用不定式作定语的几种情况： 不定式表将来。 I borrowed some books t
8、o read during my holiday.我借了些书在假期里读。 用来修饰序数词、形容词最高级或 no, all, any 等限定的中心词。 He was the best man to do the job.他最适合干这项工作。 用来修饰的词是抽象名词时。常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你有
9、读写英语的能力吗？ 6动词不定式作宾语补足语。 (1)常跟在宾语后。常跟 to do作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, enable, beg, cause, drive(驱使), encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, trust, want, warn 等。 We should encourage the students with disabilities to live well. 我们应该鼓励有残疾的学生好好生活。 (
10、2)在withn./pron.to do复合结构中，用不定式表示一个将来的动作。 With no one to talk to, John felt miserable. 由于没有可以说话的人，约翰感到很悲哀。 1（2016 北京）_ it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand. A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make 2（2015 陕西）After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Bene
11、dict 3 went on all the people who had helped in her career. A. to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked 3.（2015 北京）_the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch 4（2015 福建）_more about Chinese culture, Jack has decide
12、d to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. A. Learn B. Learned C. To learn D. To be learning K 真题 1. D【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张 卡片。这里动 词不定式表目的，故选 D。 2. A【解析】句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne Benedict 继续感谢所有在她演绎生涯中 帮助过她的人。go on to do 继续做不同的事情，故选 A。 3. C【解析】句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主
13、语 是 we，空中 用不定式作目的状语，表示提前交出租车并且早起的目的。故选 C。这里用不定 式作目的状语，意思是 为了。 4. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。该句意思为： 为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。故选 C。 建议信是作者就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议。一般来说，建 议信的正文分为三部分：开头、主体和结尾。开头一般开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点。主 体则是对所提出的问题进行分析、说明理由，接着提出自己的建议。结尾则是对开头的呼应， 重申自己的观点。 4 建议信可按照如下写作模板来写： (1)首段：
14、表明写作意图。陈述事由，简单介绍自己，注意语气。 (2)主体段落：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出 具体建议或忠 告。千万注意不要让别人以为你是在投诉，而不是在提建议。 (3)尾段：对提出的建议进行总结。 I would like to suggest that. I am writing to express my views concerning. You have asked for my advice about. and I will try to make some suggestions. If I were you, I would. It se
15、ems to me that you could. I think it would be more beneficial if you could. I believe you will take my advice into account. I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions practical/useful/helpful. I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard. I will be ready for further discussing
16、this matter into details. 假设你是李华，你的笔友李佳最近用英语给你写信询问如何度过一个有意义的寒假。请你 根据下面的文字用英语给他写一封回信。 1科学安排、复习功课； 2积极参加体育锻炼与社会实践活动； 3与家人一块去旅游。 注意：1.词数：120 左右。 2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【遣词造句】 1. 词汇 收到某人的来信 hear from sb./receive a letter from sb. 5 就提出建议 make a suggestion on. 做某事是个好主意 Its a good idea to do. 参加体育锻炼 take exerci
17、se 积极参加 take an active part in 如果可能 if possible 做某事的方式 a way to do sth./a way of doing sth. 2. 句式 （1）Im more than happy to hear from you. （2）Not only can you take exercise as usual but also take an active part in some social activities. 【范文欣赏】 Dear Li Jia， Im more than happy to hear from you and now
18、 Id like to share my suggestions on how to spend the winter holiday. First, being a student, you should put your study in the first place. Consequently, its a good idea to spend much time going over or even learning some new lessons by yourself. Whats more, not only can you take exercise as usual bu
19、t also take an active part in some social activities. It, I think, will be of great use to your physical and mental health and help you learn more about society. Also, if possible, traveling with your family is one of the best ways to spend a holiday, which can relax your body as well as broaden you
20、r views. Of course, you can have many other choices according to your own personal conditions. Hope you will have a meaningful holiday. Yours， Li Hua 【名师点评】 1本文要点齐全，层次分明。 2根据提示发挥得当，在表达过程中使用了较多高级词汇及复杂句式，如 first; whats more; not only. but also. 6 3结构紧凑，较好地表达了文中信息。 单元综合检测 (考试时间：90 分钟 试卷满分：120分) 第 I I 卷
21、 第一部分 阅读理解( (共两节，满分 4040分) ) 第一节 (共 15小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。 A A While beach vacations may be a great way to take your mind off work, lakes surrounded by mountains make for an even grander experience. If you are looking for some peace on your vacation,
22、 we have some recommendations for you in the Caucasus(高加索). Lake SevanLake Sevan Lake Sevan is situated in the central part of Armenia, in the Gegharkunik province. It is the largest lake in Armenia, located 6,200ft above sea level. Along the lake shore, there are various accommodations such as reso
23、rts and hotels with plenty of activities to partake in such as windsurfing, swimming and sunbathing. While there, do not forget to visit one of the famous cultural monuments, the Sevanavank Monastery, and it offers a great view of the lake as well. Lake ParavaniLake Paravani Lake Paravani, located a
24、t 6,801ft above sea level, is in the south of Georgia, 7 near the Javakheti plateau. At this level, altitude sickness can occur and it is a good idea to be prepared to adapt to it properly, or bring medication for altitude sickness. Being a volcanic lake makes for a more interesting experience. The
25、lake is best known for fishing. Do not come home during the winter months when the lake freezes. Lake CildirLake Cildir Lake Cildir is located in the Ardahan province, East Turkey, near the borders of Georgia and Armenia. It is the second largest freshwater lake of Eastern Turkey, and many tourists
26、are not aware of this beautiful attraction. Lake Cildir is surrounded by mountains of the Caucasus. The lake freezes during late November. If the winter is not extremely cold, you can try some lake activities like ice skating and ice fishing. Lake VanLake Van Lake Van is the must visit of all lakes
27、in this list. The largest lake in Turkey, Lake Van is located on the eastern shore of Turkey and is also the most accessible lake here. Its situated at 5, 380ft above sea level, and unique to lakes around the world, the water is high in salt content. 1If you want to visit some historic sites during
28、your travel by a lake, you can go to_ . A. Lake Cildir B. Lake Parvani C. Lake Sevan D. Lake Van 2What is special about Lake Van? A. Its water is high in salt. B. It is a volcanic lake. C. It is globally the largest lake. D. It is surrounded by mountains. 3What challenge are travelers most likely to
29、 face while visiting Lake Paravani? A. Lack of medicine. B. Volcano eruptions. C. Altitude sickness. D. Low temperature all the year. 4Which destinations would be attractive to a fishing lover? A. Lake Sevan and Lake Paravani. B. Lake Pravani and Lake Cildir. C. Lake Cildir and Lake Van. D. Lake Sev
30、an and Lake Van. B 8 It is commonly believed that all over the world, boys and girls attend a mixed school, where they study together. But boys schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music. Always boys at singl
31、e-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to correspond to(和相符) the boy code of hiding their emotions to be a real man. Surprisingly, the findings of the study go agai
32、nst received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls. George Carl, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional t
33、han girls. The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when girls do better earlier in speaking and reading skills. But in single-sex schools teachers can adjust lessons to boys learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting
34、them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the studys author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia. Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with boy-focused approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision,
35、 learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given hands-on lessons where they are allowed to walk around. Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine(女性的) and prefer the modern genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes, James wrote. Single-sex
36、 education also made it less likely that boys would feel that they had tobemasterful and in charge in relationships.In mixed schools, boys feel forced to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means, the study reported. 5The writer argues that a single-sex schoo
37、l would _. A. encourage boys to express their emotions more freely 9 B. help boys to be more competitive in schools C. force boys to be their emotions to be real men D. naturally strengthen boys traditional image of a man 6Traditionally, in a mixed school boys _. A. behave more responsibly B. perfor
38、m relatively better C. grow up more healthily D. receive a better education 7In Abigail James opinion, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is _. A. boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in B. boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted C. teaching can be adjusted
39、 to suiting the characteristics of boys D. teaching can be designed to promote boys team spirit 8The underlined word acute in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to _ . A. lovely B. serious C. sharp D. dull C BANG! the door caused a reverberation (回声). It was just standing there, with father standing
40、on one side, and me on the other side. We were both in great anger.Never set foot in this house again! stormed father. With tears welling up in my eyes, I rushed out of the flat and ran along the street. The street lights were shining, causing rather sad feelings. I wandered aimlessly. A young fathe
41、r who held a child in his arms walked past me. I felt as if I saw my childhood from another space: happy and carefree. But now I dont know whether it is because I have grown up or because dad is getting old. We differ in our ways of thinking. We are just like two people coming from two different wor
42、lds. It feels like there is an iron door between us that can never be opened. I wandered the streets, without a destination in mind. My heart was frozen on this hot summer night. As I walked on, there were fewer and fewer people on the streets, until I had only the street lights to keep me company.
43、When I finally reached the high-rise apartment block in which I lived, I saw that the light was still on. I thought to myself: Is father waiting for me, or is he still angry with me？ 10 In fact, it was nothing. Perhaps, dad was throwing away some of his old stamps. Perhaps he thought they were usele
44、ss. I never had the courage to tell him that I liked collecting stamps. All the lights were off except fathers. Dad was always like this. Maybe he didnt know how to express himself. After shouting at me, he never showed any mercy or any moments of regret. This was how he always was. He has been a le
45、ader for so long that telling everyone else what to do has become his second nature. The light was still on. Am I wrong I whispered, maybe With the key in my hand, I was as nervous as I had ever been. At last, I decided to open the door. As soon as I opened the door, tears ran down my cheeks. I sudd
46、enly realized that the iron door that I had imagined between us did not exist at all. Loveits second to none. 9Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage ? A. The author fully understood why he and his father had different thinking. B. The author and his father lacked communi
47、cation. C. The authors father didnt approve of his stamp collecting. D. The authors father opened the door for him when he came back. 10According to the author, why did his father often shout at him ? A. Perhaps the father was getting older and older. B. Perhaps the father had been used to doing tha
48、t. C. Perhaps the son had already grown up. D. Perhaps they never agreed with each other. 11What was the authors attitude towards his father at the end of the story? A. He was frustrated with his father. B. He loved his father. C. He was afraid of his father. D. He was dissatisfied with his father.
49、D D Scientists are debating how to limit their newly-discovered power to change genetic structure. Scientists already modify the genes of farm animals and agricultural plants to make them more productive or stronger. But now they can also change genes in wild 11 animals and plants. These genes would continue into later generations. For example, it may be possible for scientists t