2016_2017学年高中英语Unit4Sharing第3_4课时试题含解析新人教版选修720170.wps

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1、Unit Unit 4 4 SharingSharing（3 3） 限制性定语从句 一、定语从句的相关概念 1. 定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词，叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom， whose，as等) 和关系副词(when，where，why 等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用： (1)连接定语从句； (2)指代先行词； (3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。 4. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。 She is the girl

2、 that you want to know. 她是你想认识的女孩。（限制性定语从句） He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我很心烦。（非限制性定语从句） 5.限制性定语从句用来修饰和限制先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切，它所修饰的先行词 代表一个(些) 或一类特指的人或物，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，如果去掉，则意思含混不清。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. 定语从句中的引导词及其在从句中的作用 所作成分 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 who whic

3、h that 宾语 whom/who which that 定语 whose/of whom whose/of which Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他是那个想见你的男人吗？(who/that 在从句 中作主语) He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that 在 从句中作宾语) 1 The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher.刚才和你说话的那个男人是我 们的英语老师。 The package

4、(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that 在从句中作宾语) A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. 双亲都死了的孩子叫作孤儿。(whose 表示那个孩子的双亲) He lives in a room whose window faces south. 他住在那个窗户朝南的房子里。(whose 表示那个房子的窗户) 2. 关系代词 that 和 which的用法区别 情况 说明 先行词是不定代词或由不定代词修饰时

5、 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰时 只用 that 先行词被 the very，the only等修饰时 不用 which 主句是以 which，what，who 开头的特殊疑问句时 先行词既有人也有物时 两个定语从句中一个关系代词用 which，另一个要用 that 引导非限制性定语从句时 只用 which 关系代词前有介词时 不用 that 先行词本身是 that 时 It is the best film(that)I have seen.这是我看过的最棒的电影。 He is the very man that they are looking for.他正是他们在寻找的人。 T

6、hey talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈到他们记得的学校的那些人和事。 3. 关系代词 as 引导限制性定语从句的用法 （1）as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等，引导限制性定语从句时的固定 搭配：the same .as .；such .as .；so/as .as . She is such a nice girl as we all like.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。 【注意】 This is such a beautiful park that everyone

7、 wants to visit it. 这是一个如此漂亮的公园以至于每个人都想去参观。 This is such a beautiful park as everyone wants to visit.这是一个如此漂亮的每个 人都想去参观的公园。 句由于从句中不缺少任何语法成分，故从句在这个结构中为结果状语从句。 句从句中动词 visit缺少宾语，故应用关系代词 as引导定语从句。 （2）the same .as 与 the same .that 的区别： Error!Error! This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. 这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一

8、样。 This is the same pen that I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那支钢笔。 三、关系副词引导的定语从句 1. 常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语) 2. 意义及作用 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的成分 when 名词，表时间 时间状语 why 名词，表原因 原因状语 where 名词，表地点 地点状语 Ill never forget the day(that/which)we spent together last week. 我将永远不会忘记上周我们一起度过的那一天。 Ill never forget the day

9、 when I got to know you.我将永远不会忘记我认识你的那天。 I dont like the way(that/in which)he talks.我不喜欢他谈话的方式。 Do you know the reason why(for which)he was so sorry?你知道他那么难过的原因吗？ 【注意】 当先行词为表示抽象的情形、局势、范围、处境、程度、状态等的词， 如 situation，stage，point等，且先行词在定语从句中作状语时， 常用关系副词 where引导。 They have reached the point where they have

10、 to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 四、介词关系代词引导的定语从句 有时从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成介词关系代词结构，关系代词可 以用 which，whose，whom，不可以用 that。介词关系代词引导定语从句常见的有以下几种 3 结构： （1）介词关系代词 Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice.曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位 黑人律师。 （2）名词

11、/代词/数词介词关系代词 He wrote a book, the name of which Ive completely forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了。 The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors. 那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。 （3）形容词最高级介词关系代词 China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan. 中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。 （4）介词关系代词名词 I called him by the w

12、rong name，for which mistake I apologized. 我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用 whose) 五、定语从句中需注意的问题 1.当先行词为表示方式的 the way时，从句不能用 how 来引导，应用 that 或 in which，或将它 们全部省略。 2. as 引导限制性定语从句时，常用于下列句式中：such名词as .像一样的；the same名词 as .和同样的。 3. 当先行词是 time 时， 若 time 表示次数，应用 that 引导定语从句，并且 that 可以省略；若 time 表示一段时 间讲，应用 when 或a

13、t/duringwhich引导定语从句。 This is the second time(that)the president has visited the country.这是这位总统 第二次访问这个国家。 This is at a time when/during which there were no radios，no telephones or no TV sets. 这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时代。 4 4. 定语从句中的主谓一致 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致，但要注 意以下几点：先行词是one of复数名词结构时，关系

14、代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词 一般用复数形式；但如有 the very，the only，the first，the last，the right等修饰 one 时，谓语动词用单数。 This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.这是被问过的最 有意思的问题之一。 She is the only one of the girls who studies hard.她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习 的。 1. （2016北京）I live next door to a couple _children oft

15、en make a lot of noise. A. whose B. why C. where D. which 2. （2015浙江）Creating an atmosphere _employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which 3. （2015 天津）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _his employees enjoy their work. A. where B

16、. which C. when D. who 4. （2015天津）As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _he should be able to be independent. A. which B. where C. whom D. when 5. （2015安徽）Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends. A. it B. that C. whose D.

17、 which 5 . . 用适当的关系词或介词关系代词填空 1. Is this the factory _ you visited last Friday? 2. This is the very house _ I live in 5 years ago. 3. The picture of the river brought the hours back to the old man _ he worked as a soldier. 4. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. 5. I

18、 have many friends _ _ some are foreign teachers. . . 用适当的关系词完成句子 1. Do you remember the year _(我们一起生活)? 2. That is the day _(我将永远不会忘记的) 3. The factory _(我们下周将要参观的) is not far from here. 4. Is there anyone in your class _(他的家庭在乡村)? 5. He isnt such a man _(他过去的样子) . .单句改错 1Some of the boys I invited

19、them didnt come. _ 2Anyone who break the rules will be punished. _ 3Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. _ 4This is the house where we lived in last year. _ 5This factory is that I worked in. _ K K 真题 1. A【解析】句意:我住在一对夫妻的隔壁,他们的孩子总是很吵闹。分析句子结构可知,空处在 此引导定语从 句修饰 a couple,且关系词在从句中作定语,故用关系代词 w

20、hose。 6 2. C【解析】句意:营造一种氛围,让员工们感觉(自己)是团队的一分子,此乃一大挑战。先行词 是 atmosphere, 空 处在定语从句中作地点状语,“ 在氛围中“用介词 in,所以选 C。 3. A【解析】句意:公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工们可以在其中快乐工作的轻松的氛围。空处 替代先行词 atmosphere,且在定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词。 4. D【解析】句意:作为家里孩子中最小的一个,Alex一直渴望着他能够有独立的时间。根据句 子结构来判断, 此句中 the time后面是一个定语从句,且空处在从句中作状语,表示时间,所 以要用关系副词 when。 5.

21、D【解析】Some experts think 是主句,主句之后是省略了连词 that 的宾语从句;在名词 skill 之后则是一个由 “介词 upon+关系代词“引导的定语从句,定语从句中的主语 school education 前不需要加限定词,故排除作 定语的 whose,此处应填入关系代词 which。句意:一 些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 K K 好题 . . 用适当的关系词或介词关系代词填空 1. which 2. that 3. when 4. which 5. of whom . 用适当的关系词完成句子 1.when we lived together 2.tha

22、t/which Ill never forget 3.that/which well visit next week 4.whose family is in the country 5.as he used to be .单句改错 1.去掉 them 2.breakbreaks 3.在 Children 后加 who/that 4.wherethat/which 或去掉 in 5.在 is后加 the one 人物描写包括人物的外部特征、性格特征、思想状态、行为语言等方面，用于表现人物的 7 精神面貌、揭露人物的内心活动、提示人物的性格变化，以突出作品的主题思想。此类写作要 求抓住人物特征的

23、具体细节进行描写，分清主次，可以采用先总体、后局部的描述顺序。即先 总体介绍此人所具有的特点，然后对其局部的一些细节进行介绍，最后可以再作一些总结。另 外，对于有些人物描写，我们也可以根据时间或事件发生的先后顺序进行介绍。 1. 选好描写的角度。必须考虑好站在第几人称的角度上写和从哪一点着手写。 2. 详略得当地描述。要能够抓住人物特点，按要求对人物进行描写，并要注意详略得当。 3. 准确生动地描述。描写人物时还要注意语言的准确生动性，可以灵活地使用一些主动句、被动句 和 with 的复合结构以及从句等句式。同时，也要注意准确地使用一些动词、名词、形容词、副词以及介 词词组等。 1. 介绍人物

24、的姓名、出身 She was born in Beijing On Oct. 12th, 1986. She was a great woman with the name of. She was born to/into a poor/rich family. 2. 介绍家庭背景 His/Her family was so poor that. His/Her father was very strict with him/her. 3. 介绍教育背景 She was admitted to a famous university. She graduated from the Chines

25、e Department of Beijing University. When at college, he majored in math. 4. 介绍人物喜好 He is interested in/is fond of/is crazy about music. His favorite sport is playing basketball. 5. 介绍人物生活态度 He works hard at/devotes his lifetime/himself to achieving his life goal. He made up his mind to do the job we

26、ll. 8 He tried his best to help others. 6. 评价人物 His hard work brought him great success. He set a good example to us. He was honored as a model worker. He made great contributions to our country. 你们学校的英语报最近开展了一次题为My Favorite Teacher的征文比赛。你计划报名 参加，写作对象是你的英语老师 Mr Green，因为他上课生动有趣，而且善于启发大家的思维， 博得了同学们的喜爱

27、。请你根据下列要点写一篇关于他的文章，参加比赛： 1. 简要地描述他的外貌； 2. 喜欢他的原因。 注意：词数 120左右。 参考词汇：激发 motivate。 _ _ _ _ _【参考范文】 My Favorite TeacherMy Favorite Teacher Our English teacher Mr Green，only several years older than us，is a really special teacher. He is very tall and has a beard, which makes him look serious. In fact, h

28、e is very kind and humorous. He seems born able to make his class full of laughter all the time, which explains why he is also called Magician. For example, during the class, he always has ways of giving us surprise, such as making a joke or singing a song and so on. So what he teaches comes natural

29、 to us. Whats more ，he can easily cheer up one in low spirits. I used to be poor in English，but with the help of Mr Green I have made much progress and caught up with 9 the class. He has been regarded as our friend we can turn to when we are in difficulty. Mr Green is indeed a good teacher to all of

30、 us. 【名师点评】 文章首先确定了写作的时态一般现在时。 此处是个非限制性定语从句，它的使用丰富了文章的句式结构。 文章最大的特色是句与句之间的连贯性，这得益于副词或连词的合理使用，如 in fact， for example，whats more 等。 此句是个高级的复杂句型。which 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，其中还包括一个由 why 引导的宾语从句。 文章的结尾紧紧围绕着主题，简单明了地对人物做出了评价。 10 单元综合检测 (考试时间：90 分钟 试卷满分：120分) 第 I I 卷 第一部分 阅读理解( (共两节，满分 4040分) ) 第一节 (共 15小题；每小题 2

31、分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。 A A In the professional or career world, a gap year is when one stops their formal worklife to pursue other interests. However, today gap year refers mostly to a year taken between high school and college. During this gap year, American s

32、tudents engage in advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses and non-academic courses, such as yearlong pre-college math courses, language studies, learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel, internships(实习), sports and more. British and European students, however, take a much more

33、 vacation style approach to the Gap Year by generally working for 36 months and then traveling throughout the globe for the remaining time before college begins. This is intended to expand the mind, personal confidence, experiences, and interests before college. Lets look at the gap year in the foll

34、owing countries: DenmarkDenmark Denmark has tried to limit the number of students who take a year out, punishing students who delay their education to travel abroad or work full-time. In 2015, it was announced that fewer students than before had taken a year out. IndiaIndia In India, the practice of

35、 taking time out after high school education, popularly called a drop year, has been on a quick rise in recent years, primarily students deciding to enroll in coaching institutions to prepare themselves for rigorous(严格的) college entrance examinations. However, using that year for travel is still not

36、 common. 11 Republic of KoreaRepublic of Korea In Republic of Korea, gap year is defined as time for the youth to think about directions of their lives by going through gap year programs such as voluntary activity, career exploration, education, having a relationship, internship and enterprise while

37、 he/she pauses studying. United KingdomUnited Kingdom In the United Kingdom a year out is a common choice before university, again to travel or volunteer, gaining life experience. All universities seem to welcome gap year applicants, no different from going straight to university from previous educa

38、tion. 1. Today a gap year is mainly taken by _. A. high school graduates B. high school students C. college graduates D. college students 2. American students take a gap year mainly to _. A. improve themselves B. make some friends C. make some money D. relax themselves 3. In which country is a gap y

39、ear the most popular? A. India. B. Denmark. C. United Kingdom. D. Republic of Korea. 4. Whats the passage mainly about? A. The benefits of a gap year. B. The ways to take a gap year. C. Why people take a gap year. D. An introduction to a gap year. B B On Thanksgiving weekend, the family gathered for

40、 a meal at their three-story home in Vienna, Virginia. After dinner, Rose, her mother, Mary, and her three-month-old niece, Jack, went down to the basement to relax. Roses father, Eric, was shut in the garage repairing his truck. Around 8 p.m., Rose decided to check on her dad. She went upstairs and

41、 walked through the kitchen. When she opened the side door to the garage, black smoke billowed(大量冒出) 12 into the kitchen. She could barely make out her father lying on his back, trapped under the truck. In bare feet, Rose ran to the front of the truck and struggled to lift it. She tried again and wa

42、s able to tip(使倾斜) the truck backward just enough for her to hold it up with her right hip(臀). She grabbed her dad by the shirt with both hands and pulled out his 280-pound frame from under the truck. She hooked her hands under his arms and dragged him across the garage and 20 feet down the driveway

43、, where she leaned him against another family car. Then she ran back to the garage, which had burst into flames. She climbed into the truck, turned the key, and pressed the gas pedal. The car slowly rolled out. Then Rose called 911. A few minutes later, fire trucks arrived, and firefighters helped R

44、ose into an ambulance. Later that night at a hotel,I was painful,said Rose, who is slim and five foot six.But in the moment, adrenaline(肾上腺素) took over.Rose is a remarkable kid, said her dad. Rose, however, credited her instinct.I was saving my family and my house,she said.I wasnt going to let my da

45、d die. 5. Where was Roses father when the rest of the family rested in the basement? A. Under the truck. B. In the basement. C. In the garage. D. At home. 6. The underlined phrasehis 280-pound framein Paragraph 3 refers to _. A. Roses father B. a repairing tool C. a part of the truck D. a heavy obje

46、ct 7. The author tells us Rose is slim and five foot six in order to show _. A. she is strong enough to save her father out of the burning garage B. she is tall enough to save her father out of the burning garage C. she is thin enough to save her father out of the burning garage D. one is able to do what is beyond his ability in emergency 8. Which of the following is the best title of the pass