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1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材,综合教程（上） INTEGRATED COURSE,2,Unit 4,Love and Marriage,Love and Loving Relationships,Reading Focus,Reading Focus Global Understanding,Love is essential for human survival.,What is love?,What brings people together?,Discuss in groups to identify the missing information.,Reading MoreGlobal
2、 Understanding,The family is the earliest and most important source of love and emotional support.,Children deprived of love have been known to develop a variety of problems.,Research shows the quality of care infants received affects how they later get along with friends.,Reading MoreGlobal Underst
3、anding,Love for oneself, or self-love, is also essential for our social and emotional development.,Social scientists describe self-love as important for self-esteem.,People who dont like themselves may not be able to return love but may constantly seek love relationships to bolster their own poor se
4、lf-images.,Babies and children deprived of love have known to develop a wide variety of problemfor example, depression, headaches, physiological impairments, and neurotic and psychosomatic difficultiesthat sometimes last a lifetime. (Para. 1),Reading Focus Language Point,deprived of: 剥夺；使丧失 e.g. He
5、was deprived of his rights to education. 他被剥夺了受教育的权利。 impairment: the fact that a part of your body is unable to do something fully （身体机能的）受损 e.g. a hearing impairment 听力受损 neurotic: extremely worried about something in an unreasonable way 极端焦虑的；神经质的 psychosomatic: of or relating to a physical disor
6、der or illness that is caused or seems to be influenced by emotional factors（疾病）由身心失调引起的,Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes,or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problem
7、s. (Para. 2),1. impersonal: adj. 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的 e.g. Before then many children were cared for in large impersonal orphanages. 在那以前，许多孩子在无人情味的大孤儿院里被照料。 2. retard: vt. 延迟；阻止；妨碍 vi. 减慢；受到阻滞 e.g. Shortage of labour power retarded our economic development. 缺乏劳动力使我们的经济发展速度减慢。,Among other things, people w
8、ho like themselves are more open to criticism and less demanding of others. (Para. 3),1. among other things: 除了其他方面，此外 He, among other things, talked about the present situation. 除了别的话,他还谈了当前的形势。 2. demanding： adj. 苛求的；要求高的； Ricky was a very demanding child. 里基是个非常苛求的孩子。,Reading MoreGlobal Understan
9、ding,elusive concept,People give a variety of answers when asked what love is.,Love has many dimensions.,It can be romantic, exciting, obsessive, and irrational, platonic, calming, altruistic, and sensible.,It varies in degree and intensity and across social contexts.,Reading MoreGlobal Understandin
10、g,a willingness to please and accommodate the other.,an acceptance of the other persons faults and shortcomings.,as much concern about the loved ones welfare as ones own.,Love, especially longterm love, has nothing in common with the images of love or frenzied sex that we get from Hollywood, televis
11、ion, and romance novels.,“Real” love is closer to what one author called “stirring-the-oatmeal love”.,Love has many dimensions. (Para. 5) dimension: an aspect of a situation that influences the way that you think about the situation 方面；部分 e.g. 1) There is a dimension to the problem that we have not
12、discussed. 2) There is a political dimension to the accusations.,Reading Focus Language Point,Many researchers feel that love defies a single definition because it varies in degree and intensity and across social contexts. (Para. 5),defy: 1).公然反抗 He defied his opponents. 他公然反抗他的对手们。 2). 使成为不可能，使落空，把
13、难倒； The puzzle defied solution. 这个谜无法解。 3)向-挑战,a willingness to please and accommodate the other person, even if this involves compromise and sacrifice; (Para. 5),accommodate: vt. 1) 容纳； Are there enough shelves to accommodate all our books? 2）向提供住处； The hotel can accommodate 600 guests. 3） 使适应, 顺应(
14、to);迎合，迁就 This chair accommodates its shape to a persons position. 这把椅子的形状能随就座者的姿势而改变。,Although love may involve passionate yearning, respect is a more important quality. (Para. 6),Reading Focus Language Point,yearning: n. a strong desire or feeling of wanting something 向往，思慕， 渴望 e.g. 1) He had a de
15、ep yearning to return to his home town. 2) I suppose its because I live in a crowded city that I have this yearning for open spaces.,Respect is inherent in all love (Para. 6),be inherent in : 为所固有, 是的固有性质; 生来的 e.g. Deterioration may be inherent in the very nature of the mind. 退化可能就是头脑的本性中固有的。,These
16、misconceptions often lead to unrealistic expectations, stereotypes, and disillusionment. (Para. 7),1. stereotype: n. 老套, 模式化的见解 2. disillusion: vt.使不再抱幻想, 使理想破灭 e.g. I hate to disillusion him. 我真不想使他的幻想破灭 be disillusioned with 对.大失所望,Reading MoreGlobal Understanding,What brings people together? And
17、is there a person out there that one is meant for?,Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together.,Criticism and approval teach us what is acceptable romantic behavior and with whom.,Lust and desire are different from loveespecially romantic love.,Reading More
18、Global Understanding,One should not conclude that desire always culminates in physical intimacy or that desire is the same as romantic love.,Healthy love relationships, whether physical or not (such as love for family members), reflect a balance of caring, intimacy, and commitment.,Many people belie
19、ve that “theres one person out there that one is meant for“ and that destiny will bring them together. (Para. 9),be meant for: 命中注定的，注定要成为- e.g. I was never meant for the army. 我根本就不是当兵的料。,Even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sense that societal and group practices
20、 and expectations shape romantic experience. (Para. 10) preteen: of, relating to, characteristic of, or designed for preteens 13岁以下儿童的，接近青春期的 e.g. preteen fashions 青春期前儿童时装 societal: relating to a particular society, or the way society is organized 社会的 e.g. societal changes 社会变革 societal forces 社会势力
21、 Translation: 甚至在13岁以前，情感经历就由社会和群体的活动和期望所决定和培养起来的。,Reading Focus Language Point,Regan and Berscheid differentiate between lust, desire, and romantic love. (Para.11),differentiate between: 区分(两者) He never learned to differentiate between good and evil. 他从未学会分辨善恶。,Once desire diminishes, disappointed
22、lovers may wonder where the “spark” in their relationship has gone and may reminisce regretfully (and longingly) about “the good old days”. (Para. 11),Reading Focus Language Point,diminish: to become less, or to make something become less （使）变小；（使）减少 e.g. Suddenly the wind diminished and the seas gr
23、ew calm again. 突然风变小了，大海又平静了下来。 reminisce: v. to recall or talk about past experiences, events, etc. 追忆往事，缅怀往事；回忆，话旧 e.g. We spent the evening reminiscing about our university days. 我们整晚都在追忆我们的大学时光。,One should not conclude, however, that desire always culminates in physical intimacy or that desire i
24、s the same as romantic love. (Para. 12),culminate in : 达到顶峰, 以-告终 His career culminated in his appointment as manager. 他一生事业的顶峰就是当上了经理。,Task 2,Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text. (P105),Key: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10,B,A,B,C,D,B,C,D,C,B,Reading Focus Detailed
25、Information,Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-,Task 1 Choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. (P107),A,A,C,B,B,C,D,C,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,A,C,Task 2,1. The two countries have always _ close relations. 2. When were together, all he
26、talks about is business. I wish he were more _. 3. The museum is closed while _ repairs are being carried out. 4. She had packed two cases with clothes, towels and other _. 5. His coaching has added another _ to my game.,Read the words and their explanations in the box. Choose a word to complete eac
27、h of the sentences below and explain its meaning. Change the form if necessary. (P107),maintained (a),romantic (a),Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,maintain, intimate, essential, defy, dimension, romantic,essential (a),essentials (c),dimension (c),6. Were not on _terms with our neighbours. 7. He _
28、 that the money was donated for international purposes. 8. The beauty of the scene _ description. 9. He _ his wishes with a slight nod of his head. 10. Computers design tools that work in three _.,intimate (a),maintains (c),defies (b),intimated (d),Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,dimensions (a),1
29、1. This was the first time that I dared to _ my mother. 12. The castle is set in one of Englands most _ landscapes. 13. I did not realize the _ of the problem. 14. Her income was barely enough to _ one child, let alone three. 15. He surprised me with his _ knowledge of Kierkegaard and Schopenhauer.,
30、defy (a),romantic (b),dimensions (b),Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,maintain (d),intimate (c),Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,Task 3,Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary. 2) 4) 6) 8) 10),prerequisite,date,respect,important,whomever,can
31、didates,highly,essential,suitable,sufficient,The Last Chapter,Reading More,Fighting youth,Loving couple,Change happening,Loving because of forgetting,Reading MoreGlobal Understanding,Their loving reassurances were sweet, touchingand surprising. (Para. 3),Reading More Language Point,reassurance: some
32、thing that is said or done which makes someone feel calmer and less worried or frightened about a problem 安心，放心，保证，使人消除恐惧或疑虑的事物 e.g. 1) Parents are looking for reassurance about their childrens safety. 2) The Administration gave repeated reassurances that there was absolutely no danger to the public
33、.,He was a Republican; she an ardent Democrat. (Para. 5),Reading More Language Point,ardent: showing strong positive feelings about an activity and determination to succeed at it e.g. 1) Hes been one of the most ardent supporters of the administrations policy. 2) an ardent baseball fan,There was a h
34、ope that they would change once they retired, and the furious winds did calm somewhat, but what remained steeled itself into bright, hard bitterness. (Para. 6),Reading More Language Point,furious: only before noun done with a lot of energy, effort, or anger 猛烈的，强烈的，激烈的 e.g. a furious storm 猛烈的暴风雨 a
35、furious argument 激烈的争论,steel: v. 1）steel用作动词的意思是“钢化”“使坚硬”“使坚强”,是及物动词。常接oneself作宾语,表示“使自己振作起来,使自己坚强起来”。 e.g. They settled down in the countryside to steel their wills. 他们到农村安家落户以锻炼自己的意志。 2) steel也可接介词against引导的短语,表示“使自己坚强起来能承受(打击等)”, 接for 引导的短语，表示“使准备应付，下定决心”。 e.g. He can steel himself against any bl
36、ow now. 现在他磨练得能经受住任何打击了。 As she waited, she steeled herself for disappointment. 她在等待的时候已经对失望做好了准备。,Wed provide the cake, the balloons, the toasts, and theyd abide by one rule: no fighting. (Para. 7),Reading More Language Point,abide by: to accept and obey a decision, rule, agreement etc, even though
37、 you may not agree with it e.g. You have to abide by the referees decision.,The truce was honored. (Para. 8),Paraphrase: They did what they agreed to do i.e. stop arguing during the party. honor, when used as a verb, means “to respect, accept and fulfill”,No one saw how the columns that spelled thei
38、r fortunes compared. (Para. 12),Paraphrase: Her parents had stopped caring about who had more assets under his or her name. spell: 招致，带来（不好的结果）,As they approached each other on legs rickety with age, her hands fluttered over her face. (Para. 15),rickety: adj. 摇摇晃晃的，快散架的 flutter: 挥动，颤动 rickety with a
39、ge 在此处作为后置定语用以修饰legs, 意为年老所致的行动不便的双腿。,Even the very fury they lavished on each other was a brick in this unseen creation, a structure that reveals itself increasingly as the world around them falls apart. (Para.16),lavish sth on sb.: 过分慷慨的给与 lavish praise (on) sb. to ones face 当面吹捧某人 2. fall apart:崩
40、溃，破碎,Task 1,1. doubt,Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate form of the word given and explains its meaning.,Reading More Vocabulary in Action,A. Whether he will continue to be successful in the future is open to _. B. I _if that was what he wanted. C. Im still _ whether I should accept this
41、 job.,doubt,doubt,doubtful,2. sprout A. Hundreds of mushrooms had _ up overnight. B. Add bean _ and cook another half minute. 3. lavish A. It was one of the most _ weddings Ive ever been to. B. He thought he would win her by _ her with expensive gifts.,sprouted,sprouts,lavish,lavishing,Reading More
42、Vocabulary in Action,4. share A. Sue _ a house with three other students. B. Would you like to _ your experience with the rest of the group? C. Hed had more than his fair _ of adventure. 5. bet A. I wouldnt _ on them winning the next election. B. Bookmakers are already taking _ on the outcome. C. Ou
43、r best _ would be to take the train.,shares,share,share,Reading More Vocabulary in Action,bet,bets,bet,6. separate A. Raw meat must be kept _ from cooked meat. B. He _ from his wife after 20 years of marriage. C. He said he understood her doubts and perhaps a trial _ might be the answer. 7. respecti
44、ve A. They are each recognized specialists in their _ fields. B. In terms of population, California and New York rank first and second _. C. In this _, we are no different from other people.,separate,separates,separation,respective,Reading More Vocabulary in Action,respectively,respect,Reading More
45、Vocabulary in Action,8. roost A. Today the countrys nationalists rule the _ and hand out the jobs. B. After years of overspending, the chickens have come home to _. 9. increase A. The government is alarmed by the dramatic _ in violent crime. B. _, people are realizing that our basic problems are not
46、 economic ones. C. High alcohol consumption _ the risk of liver disease.,roost,roost,increase,Increasingly,increases,Reading More Vocabulary in Action,10. hunt A. Whales are still being _ and killed in the Arctic. B. There are several different _ in the area. C. The couple had helped in the _ for th
47、e toddlers. D. Job _ takes a lot of effort and can be a long, depressing process. 11. raise A. Somehow we managed to _ her to her feet. B. Library employees have not received a _ for six years. C. There was a _ platform and a blackboard at the far end of the room.,hunted,hunts,hunt,hunting,raise,rai
48、se,raised,Reading More Vocabulary in Action,12. cry A. Dont _ down her real achievements. B. Her answer was greeted with _ of outrage. C. There is a _ need for a place where our young people can meet.,cry,cries,crying,Task 2,When she left me, _ (我的世界就跨了). 2. I was in a mess and there was no one to help me, _