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1、动词的时态和语态,时态和语态的主要考点 1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时 态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进 行、过去将来等。 2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从 句时态呼应问题。 3、持续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。 4、及物动词的被动语态。 5、系动词的用法特点。 6、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。,1.The Simple Present Tense,1) 结构,(Active) do;does,(Passive) is(am,are) done,2) 主要用法：,表示经常发生的动作和存在的状态
2、。,eg.I often come to school early.,eg.There are over 50,000 different characters in Chinese.,eg.He is an engineer. He looks young.,表示主语的特征，性格和能力。,表示客观事实，或普遍真理。,eg.The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.,eg.Practice makes perfect.,在时间，条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。,表示按时刻表计划或安排好的动作。（只限于表示起始或移动意义的动词
3、。begin, come, leave, start, arrive, go, etc.,eg.Ill tell him about it when he returns home.,eg.I will find out when the train leaves.,eg.The plane for San Francisco takes off at three p.m,3)与一般现在时连用的时间状语：,every day, once a week, often, twice a week, usually, always, seldom, sometimes,eg.I go to the
4、the cinema once a week.,eg.Sometimes we work until twelve oclock.,1.I need one more stamp before my collection _.,A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed,2.Can I help you, sir? Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _.,A. didnt work B. wont work C. cant work D. doesn
5、t work,3.-can I join your club?,-you can when you_ a bit older.,A.get B.will get,C.are getting D.will have got,4.-Do you like the material?,-Yes, it _ very soft.,A.is feeling B.felt,B.feels D.is felt,5.I _ ping pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.,A.will play B.have pla
6、yed,C.played D.play,6.Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits.,A.will request B.request,C.are requesting D.are requested,persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded,7.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables.,A. doesnt go
7、 B. not to go C. not going D. dont go,8.There are eight tips in Dr Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is : to bed early unless you think it is necessary.,9.The earth _ round the sun in 365 days.,A.moves B.moved,C.has moved D.move,1.Do you often clean your room?,2.People speak English in many c
8、ountries.,Is your room often cleaned?,English is spoken in many countries.,2.The Simple Past Tense,1)结构,(Active) did,(Passive) was/were done,2)主要用法：,表示过去的动作或状态,表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作也可用：, used to + v., would + v.,eg.He used to have two brothers.,eg.When he was free, he would go and help others.,在条件和时间状
9、语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。,eg.I told him I would lend him my bike if Mr. Smith returned it to me the next day.,3)一般过去时常与下列时间状语连用：,yesterday, before liberation, in 1960, two years ago, last month, in the past, the other day,etc.,eg.I happened to meet him in the street the other day.,1.She set out soon after dar
10、k _ home an hour later.,A.arriving B.to arrive C.having arrived D.and arrived,2.Your phone number again?I_quite catch it.,Its 9568442.,A.didnt B.couldnt C.dont D.cant,A.promises B.promised C.will promise D.had promised,3.-Nancy is not coming tonight. -But she_!,4.You havent said a word about my new
11、coat, Brenda. Do you like it? Im sorry I_anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.,A.wasnt saying B.dont say,C.wont say D.didnt say,was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left,5.- I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. - Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _ ?,A
12、. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed,6.My mind wasn t on what he was saying so I m afraid I _ half of it.,1.The tiger in the zoo frightened the little girl.,2.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.,The little girl was frightened by the tighter in the zoo.,He was given a medal fo
13、r his wonderful work.,3.The Simple Future Tense,1)结构,(Active) will do,(Passive) will be done,2)主要用法：,表示将来的动作和状态。,eg.The farmers will begin to pick apples next Monday.,eg.It will be a fine day tomorrow.,表示将来的其他用法：,be going to + v.表示打算，准备做的事，或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。,eg.How are you going to spend your holidays?,
14、eg.Its going to snow.,eg.Theres going to be a lot of trouble about this.,be about to + v.表示即刻要发生的动作。,eg.We are about to leave.,*be about to when,eg. I was about to go swimming when luckily our guide saw me and shouted at me “stop!”,be to + v.表示安排或计划好的动作。,eg.A new hospital is to be built in our distr
15、ict.,现在进行时表示按计划安排要发生的事。限于某些动词，如：leave, go, come, arrive, start,etc.,eg.My uncle is arriving at 3:30p.m. tomorrow.,3)一般将来时常与下列时间状语连用：,tomorrow, next week, in a moment, in the future,etc.,eg.-How soon will he be back?,-He will be back in two weeks.,A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never re
16、ach D. never reached,1.Let s keep to the point or we _ any decisions.,A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D.have often seen,2.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families,do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you,3.Alice. you feed the bir
17、d today, ? But I fed it yesterday.,4.I _to Las Vegas before you _ back next week.,A.am going; come,B.shall go; come,C.am going; will come,D.shall go; will come,5.I will go with you as soon as I _ my work.,A.will finish B.shall finish,C.finish D.have finished,1.People will laugh at you if you wear th
18、at dress.,You will be laughed at if you wear that dress.,2.They wont hold the meeting until next Friday.,The meeting wont be held until next Friday.,2.The doctor will ask the patient some questions before he gives her medicine.,The patient will be asked some questions before she is given the medicin
19、e.,4.The Past Future Tense,1)结构,(Active) would do,(Passive) would be done,2)用法说明：,不能独立使用，通常用在宾语从句中，表示从过去某一点看，在将来发生的动作或存在的状态。,eg.He told me that he would go to Beijing the next month.,eg. At that time I did not know if he would be able to finish the work on time.,5.The Present Continuous Tense,表示说话的时
20、刻正在进行的动作。,1)结构,(Active) is/am/are doing,(Passive)is/am/are being done,2)主要用法：,What are they doing? They are playing in the garden.,表示现阶段正在进行的动作,尽管此刻这个动作可能并不在进行。,Leave, go, come, arrive, start,etc.,表示将来发生的动作。限于一些表示起始和移动等意义的动词。例如：,eg.The manager is typing his letters these days.,eg. He is a teacher of
21、 physics, but he is now teaching maths.,eg.The train is arriving soon.,eg.They are going abroad for holidays.,表示满意，称赞，关切，抱怨，不满等情感。常与always, forever, constantly, continually等词连用。,eg.He is always helping people.,*现在进行时所表示的动作具有临时性，生动性，非完全性等特点。,eg.He is living in Beijing.,eg.He is walking to work becaus
22、e his bicycle is being repaired.,*表示知觉，状态，具有，感情类的动词，一般不可用于进行时态。如：,know, see, love, remember, like, want, realize, etc.,6.The Past Continuous Tense,1)结构,(Active)was/were doing,(Passive)was/were being done,2.主要用法：,表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。,eg.What were you doing this time yesterday?,eg.I was writing a letter w
23、hen she came in.,表示过去某阶段在进行的暂时性习惯动作。,eg.He is a doctor,but at that time he was working in a laboratory.,表示过去将要发生的动作，但只限于一些表示起始和移动意义的动词。,eg.I had thought that he was coming to see me the next day, but he didnt.,eg.When I got there, they were preparing for their trip, as they were leaving that afterno
24、on.,表示过去打算实现，但没有实现的动作。,eg.I was coming, but my car broke down.,表示刚才的情况。,eg.I was asking what you thought of it.,eg.-Can you give me the right answer?,-Sorry,I wasnt listening. Would you please repeat that question?,描写故事的背景。,eg.One day, we were walking along a road, which went around the foot of the
25、hill.Suddenly, we saw a little girl running quickly towards us.,现在进行时,表示未来动作的用法同样适用于过去进行时。,7.The Present Prefect Tense,1)结构,(Active)have/has done,(Passive)have/has been done,2)主要用法：,表示发生在过去的动作到现在为止已经完成，或刚刚完成。,eg.He has finished reading the book today.,eg.There have been great changes in Beijing in t
26、he past twenty years.,表示发生在过去的动作一直延续到现在。,eg.The conference has lasted for five days.,eg.We have known each other since we were children.,表示动作在过去完成，构成主语的经历。,eg.I have been to the Great Wall three times.,eg.This is the fourth time that I have seen the film. I like it very much.,表示动作发生在过去，但对现在的情况产生影响。,
27、eg.Thank you. I have had my supper.,eg.I have seen the film.,在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来完成的动作。（表示这一动作先于另一动作。,eg.I will go and see the exhibition as soon as I have got the recorder repaired.,eg.I will lend the book to you when I have finished reading it.,表示一段时间内重复性习惯性动作。,eg.I have always walked to work.,eg.I ha
28、ve got up early all my life.,*瞬间动作的肯定式一般不可与表示一段时间的状语一起用于现在完成时。瞬间动词的否定式可以与表示一段时间状语一起用于现在完成时。,eg.He has come here for two days. ,eg.He has not come here for two days. ,3)现在完成时常与下列时间状语连用：,already, notyet, now, today, this month, this year, lately,just,before, in resent years, since, for two years, duri
29、ng the past few years, from then on, so far, up to/till now,eg.In the past twenty years, great changes have taken place in China.,用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比较
30、 Its time that 结构： It is high time that we went to school. 2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。,典型例题 (1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was
31、 B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I havent received his letter f
32、or almost a month.,B,D,8.The Past Perfect Tense,1)结构,(Active)had done,(Passive)had been done,2)用法说明：,表示过去某个时间以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。,eg.He had already left when I got there.,eg.They showed us the machine which they had produced.,*若句子中含有 before, after, as soon as, until 等连词引导的时间状语从句，通常可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。,eg.Aft
33、er he finished the task, he left for the next town.,9.The Present Perfect continuous Tense,1)结构,(Active)have/has been doing,(Passive),2)主要用法：,表示动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍然在进行着。,eg.We have been listening to the radio for an hour.,eg.-You look tired, dont you?,-Yes, I have been painting the
34、 room.,10.The Past Perfect Continuous Tense,1)结构,(Active)had been doing,(Passive),2)主要用法：,表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。,eg.It had been raining for two days. The fields were all under water.,eg.At last they got the telegram they had been expecting.,11.时态呼应,主句 从句,现在或将来时 任何时态,eg.He knows what I said.,eg.Li Li te
35、lls me that shell come.,主句 从句,过去时 一般过去或过去进行,（表示主从句的动作同时发生）,eg.I didnt know you were studying here.,过去完成时,（表示从句动作发生在主句动作之前）,eg.He said he had lost his key.,过去时 过去将来时,（表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后）,eg.He told me he would go to the concert.,过去时 现在时,（从句表达的是客观真理）,主句 从句,eg.The teacher said that the sun rises in the ea
36、st.,eg.Father told me that light travels fast.,*当从句含有某一具体的过去时间状语时，其谓语不用过去完成时。,eg.He told me he was born in 1954.,eg.The man said that he joined the army in the year 1964.,-Hi,Tracy,you look tired -I am tired.I_the living room all day. A.painted B.had painted C.have been painting D.have painted,20.Sh
37、irley_a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. A.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing,.You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? Im sorry I_anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasn t saying B. don t say
38、 C. won t say D. didn t say,I wonder why Jenny_us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hash t written B. doesn t write C. won t write D. hadn t written,_he sports meet might be put off. Yes,it all depends on the weather. A.Ive been told B.Ive told C.Im told D.I told,As she the newspape
39、r,Granny asleep. A.read; was falling B.was reading; fell C.was reading; was falling D.read; fell,You dont need to describe her.I her several times. A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet,I dont think Jim saw me; he into space. A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared,- my glas
40、ses? Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C.Would you see D. Have you seen,Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left;would come,-How are you today? -Oh , I _as ill as I
41、 do now for a very long time. Adidnt fell B.wasnt feeling Cdont fell D.havent felt,25.The reporter said that the UFO _east to west when be saw it. Awas travelling Btravelled Chad been traveling Dwas to travel.,I first met Lisa three years ago.She at a radio shop at the time. has worked was working C
42、. had been working D. had worked,-Who is Jerry Cooper? - ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Dont you meet him yet B. Hadnt you met him yet C. Didnt you meet him yet D. Havent you met him yet,The price,but I doubt whether it will remain so. went down B.will go down C.has gone down
43、D.was going down,Hey,look where you are going? Oh,Im terribly sorry. A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticing D.I dont noticing,状语从句中的时态问题 高考题点击： 1. - Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. (94 N) A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got 2. In such d
44、ry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. (2001上海) A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive,说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代一般将来时。,说明：条件状语从句中不用将来时，但 be to 结构不属于将来时态形式。,A,B,3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next y
45、ear. (2002上海) A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate 4. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. (2002上海春季) A. will not be, will know B. is, will know C. will not be, know D. is, know,说明：by the time 引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑，但 be to 结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等
46、，与句意不合。,说明：before 引导的是时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句应该用将来时。,C,C,祈使句中的动词问题 高考题点击： 1. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. (98 N) A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it. (2000 北京春季) A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried 3. _ at the door before entering,
47、 please. (01 北京春季) A. knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 4. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (2001上海) A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give,D,B,D,B,几种时态的替代问题 A：一般现在时代替将来时 ： 除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如： The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。) B：一般现在时代替完成时： 句型 “It is since”代替“It has been since ” It is (= has been) five years since we last met C：一般现在时代替进行时： 在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： Look, here comes Mr. L