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1、认知能力评估,http:/ analyze分析structure结构of a screening test on mental state To study cognitive assessments评估used in OT practicein the following areas: Mental state Executive function Memory Attention,http:/ test of mental state,简短智能测试 (Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Examination,CMMSE),http:/ is a sc
2、reening筛选 test ?,Screening tests are not designed to be diagnostic but are sensitive to detect cognitive abnormalities 认知不正常 for further assessments Screening tests are generally short and fast Screening tests usually have a cutoff 界线 score to indicate normal / abnormal functioning,http:/ et al., 19
3、75,http:/ Orientation Short-termmemory long-term memory Working memory Calculation Language Visuo-spatial ability,http:/ score of original MMSE was 23/24 (Folstein, 1975) Local study show the cut-off score is 19/20. why the local one was lower than the original one? Level of educational attainment w
4、as found associating with CMMSE scores, so optimal cutoffs for HK elderly people (Chiu et al, 1998) are: 22 (more than 2 years of schooling) 21 (1-2 years of schooling) 18 (illiterate文盲),http:/ conclude总结,Intelligence is not of a single dimension, but has multiple dimensions Which type of intelligen
5、ce is stronger in you?,http:/ and scoring of CMMSE,Items 1 and 2,http:/ of orientation,Time and Place Problems with new learning or anterograde memory Problems with temporal orientation and topographic orientation (Hasse, 1997) Person An internal awareness of self within a persons surrounding (Dietz
6、, Beeman & Thorn, 1993) Retrograde memory loss of autobiographical information,http:/ 3 & 5,Read out three unrelated objects 无关“apple苹果, newspaper报纸, train火车”,http:/ 4,Serial subtraction (Serial 7s) Subtract减 7 from 100, and then 7 until for the 5th time (连续减5次). OR OR,http:/ of serial 7s,http:/ of
7、memory,Items 3 and 5 examine short-term and long-term episodic memory respectively. Item 4 evaluate评估working memory (i.e. memory functioning together with the functioning of information processing).,http:/ Attention Sensory impairments Mood Motivation Beware of the impacts of these factors that may
8、lead to an inaccurate 不准确interpretation 解释 of memory functioning,http:/ 6-8,http:/ 9-10,http:/ of language语言 functioning,Ability of naming, word-finding, and repetition重复 Auditory comprehension 听觉理解 Visual comprehension,Reading 阅读,http:/ 12,http:/ of visuo-spatial ability,Copying pattern demonstrate
9、s clients ability of spatial functioning,http:/ Recall Rivermeadbehavioral memory test (RBMT) Hong Kong list learning test (HKLLT),http:/ Recall Tasks (Adapted from Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Test),DIGITS FORWARD顺序 I am going to say some numbers (1 second per digit). Listen Carefully小心听, and whe
10、n I am Through say them right after me. 6-1-9-4-7-3 5-9-1-7-4-2-8 5-8-1-9-2-6-4-7 2-7-5-8-6-2-5-8-4,DIGITS BACKWARD由后面读回前面 Now I am going to say some more numbers (1 second per digit), but this time when I stop I want you to say them backward. For example, If I say “7-1-9” what would you say? (If co
11、rrect, say : “Here are some others”) 1-5-2-8-6 5-3-9-4-1-8 8-1-2-9-3-6-5 9-4-3-7-6-2-5-8,http:/ Recall,Forward recall and Backward recall Test of memory span记忆长度and attention专注 Backward recall also assesses working memory,http:/ of Everyday Attention,专注力评估,http:/ information processing, memory and r
12、ecall (Toglia, 1992),http:/ of Everyday Attention (TEA),Aims目的to measure four aspects of attention that are important for daily functioning Selective 选择 attention Sustained 保留 attention Attentional switching Divided 分别 attention Applicable for clients with brain injuries, Alzheimers disease 老人痴呆, an
13、d age range of 18 to 80 years 3 parallel versions 3个版本 Administration time is about 45 to 60 minutes需时45-60分钟 Licensed training is required,http:/ of Everyday Attention (TEA),8 test items Map地图 searching (search symbols on the map) Elevator counting计数 (count a series of tones presented on an audiota
14、pe录音机, that represents floors reached on the elevator) Elevator counting with distraction混乱 (count only low tones) Visual视觉 elevator (follow a series of visually presented floors) Elevator counting with reversal倒转 Telephone电话 search (look for key symbols in a directory) Telephone search while counti
15、ng Lottery (listen for their winning number and write down 写下the two letters preceding all numbers ending in given digits),http:/ D. (1985). Rehabilitation after head injury.British Medical Journal, 290, 834-837. Hasse, B. (1997). Cognition. In J. Van Deusen & D. Brunt (Eds.),Assessment in occuputio
16、nal therapy and physical therapy(pp.333-356). Philadelphia: W.B. Sauders. Itzkovich, M., Elazar, B., Averbuch, S., & Katz, N. (1990). The Loewestein Occupational Therapy Assessment (LOTCA) maunal. Pequanock, NJ: Maddock, Inc. Katz, N., Hartman, M. A., Ring, H., & Soroker, N. (2002). Relationships of
17、 cognitive performance and daily function of clients following right hemispheric stroke: predictive and ecological validity of the LOTCA battery. Occupational Therapy of Research, 20, 3-17. Lam, L.C.W. et al. (1998). Clock-Face Drawing, Reading and Setting Tests in the Screening of Dementia in Chine
18、se Elderly Adults.Journal of Gerontology, 53B, 353-357,http:/ L. D. (1975). The relation of visuospatial dysfunction to digit span performance in patients with cerebral lesions. Cortex, 11, 31-36. Gardner, H. (1993). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligence (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Book
19、s. Hunt, E. (1995). The role of intelligence in modern society. American Scientist (July-August). Kaufman, A. S., & Lichtenberger, E.O. (1999). Essentials of WAIS-III assessment. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lezak, M. D. (1995). Neuropsychological assessment (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford Universi
20、ty Press. Toglia, J. P. (1998). A dynamic interactional model to cognitive rehabilitation. In N. Katz (Ed.), Cognition and occupation in rehabilitation (pp.5-50). Bethesda: AOTA. Unsworth, C. (1999). Cognitive and perceptual dysfunction: A clinical reasoning approach to evaluation and intervention.
21、Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. Wilson, B., Cockburn, J., & Baddeley, A. (1991). RBMT-The RivermeadBehavioural Memory Test. Bury St. Edmunds, London: Thames Valley Test Company. Zoltan, B. (1996). Vision, perception and cognition: A manual for the evaluation and treatment of neurologically impaired adult. Thorofare: Slack.,http:/