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1、14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 1,Computer Graphics and Application,2010 Copyright LIAMA/BJFU/ CIRAD,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 2,Application projects,Computer Graphics & Application,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 3,Application projects,Principle
2、: build a simple, single application based on Computer Graphics techniques. According to the subject, programming in C/C+, OpenGL (GLUT), or VRML may be required or not.,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 4,1. Extruded objects. 3D vessels or branches from their skeletons,Build a 3D mode
3、l of plant or vessel with outer views. Input is a list of points defining center of skeletons with their diameters. 1.a. Project in VRML only 1.b. Project in C/C+ 我的理解： 角度1：重点放在设计算法实现从一条中轴骨架线构造出模型，即实现extrude(sweep)操作。最终物体可以表达为面片的集合，甚至是一个个小圆柱体的集合，并在Vrml中显示出来 角度2：Extruded 物体可用Vrml中的节点直接创建，关键在于较为逼真的效果显
4、示（模型、纹理、灯光、背景、用户交互）,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 5,2. Flame simulation,Use particle systems or any other methods to represent the flame effects. Proposed environment: OpenGL or VRML,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 6,Flame simulation,Papers “Interactive Simulation o
5、f Fire” J. Stam et al., “Depicting fire and other gaseous phenomena using diffusion processes“, SIGGRAPH 1995 D. Nguyen, “Physically based modeling and animation of fire“, SIGGRAPH 2002 A. Lamorlette et al., “Structural modeling of flames for a production environment“, SIGGRAPH 2002 ,14:24,Computer
6、graphics and Application 2010 S. 7,Flame simulation,可以从已有的源码入手 网上可以google出许多资源 http:/ （一篇介绍火焰模拟的短文） http:/ 一些源码网站 http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ graphics and Application 2010 S. 8,3. Water simulation,Simulate the waved surface of water or the dynamic effects of water. Many methods can be considered, fo
7、r example, dynamic texture mapping, mathematic function for simulating waved surface or particle systems. 水、瀑布、波浪等等效果都可以作为模拟实现的对象,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 9,Water simulation,Papers M. Kass et al., “Rapid, Stable Fluid Dynamics for Computer Graphics, SIGGRAPH 1990 N. Foster et
8、al., “Practical animation of liquids“, SIGGRAPH 2001 D. Enright et al., “Animation and rendering of complex water surfaces“, SIGGRAPH 2002 M. Carlson et al., “Rigid fluid: animating the interplay between rigid bodies and fluid“ , SIGGRAPH 2004 M. Carlson, “Rigid, Melting, and Flowing Fluid“, PhD dis
9、sertation, 2004 M. Desbrun et al., “Smoothed particles: A new paradigm for animating highly deformable bodies“, Eurographics workshop on computer animation and simulation 1996 M. Muller et al., “Particle-based fluid simulation for interactive applications“, Symposium on computer animation 2003 Cem Y
10、uksel, Donald H. House, and John Keyser, “Wave Particles”, Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2007 (TOG), 26(3) 2007 ,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 10,Water simulation,源码资源 http:/ http:/ http:/ graphics and Application 2010 S. 11,4. Clouds simulation,Build clouds scene; users can browse and w
11、ander in these clouds. Clouds can be represented with billboards in real time. Sky scene can be defined as the background. Build a cloud library (using Terragen or other tools) Proposed environment: OpenGL or VRML,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 12,Clouds simulation,Papers Geoffrey Y
12、. Gardner, “Visual simulation of clouds”, 1985 “A Simple, Efficient Method for A Simple, Efficient Method for Realistic Animation of Clouds” “Realistic and Fast Cloud Rendering In Computer Games” R. Miyazaki, “Simulation of cumuligorm clouds based on computational fluid dynamics“, Eurographics 2002
13、M. Harris, “Simulation of Cloud Dynamics on Graphics Hardware”. http:/ M. Harris, “Real-time cloud simulation and rendering“, PhD thesis 2003 ,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 13,Clouds simulation,源码资源 http:/:7122/kw%3Dcloud,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 14,5. Virtua
14、l scene wandering,Build a virtual scene which includes some builders, plants and other virtual objects. Users can browse and wander in the scene. (For example, you can construct the scene of Youth Apartments(青年公寓) Builders can be represented as a textured box; plants can be rendered with billboards.
15、 Proposed environment: VRML or OpenGL. The scene can be modeled with other modeling tools, for example moray or 3DS Max.,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 15,Virtual scene wandering,http:/ Vrml sources on Internet http:/ http:/ graphics and Application 2010 S. 16,6. Designing a little
16、game,Design a little game or any other interesting things by yourself. For example, Tank war, space war, shooting game, bouncing balls The game can be 2D or 3D. Proposed environment: OpenGL or VRML,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 17,7. Hair simulation,Rendering a furry object. You ca
17、n use geometry-based approaches or volume texture based approaches to model and represent furs or hairs. Proposed environment: OpenGL,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 18,Hair simulation,Geometry-based approaches A. Deldegran, “An integrated system for modeling, animating and rendering
18、 hair“, Computer Graphics Forum 1993 A. V. Gelder, “An Interactive Fur Modeling Technique”. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface K. Ward, “Modeling hair using level of detail representations”. In Proceedings of Computer Animation and Social Agents, 2003 Volume texture based approaches J. Lengyel. “R
19、eal-time fur”. In Eurographics Workshop on Rendering 2000. J. Lengyel. “Real-Time Fur over Arbitrary Surfaces”. In ACM 2001 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics.,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 19,Hair simulation,http:/www.cs.utah.edu/thiago/fur/fur.html （国外学生做的基于体纹理的毛发绘制程序） http:/co
20、drt.free.fr/hufo/fur_us.php （Hufos coding site. 即有体纹理方法的实例，也有几何方法的实例）,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 20,8. Level of Detail (LOD); Terrain visualization,Multiresolution approach for terrain visualization defined from rectangular altitude grid. Define Distance control tool for adaptat
21、ive terrain visualization. a. Project in VRML: main focus on multiresolution b. Project in OpenGL: main focus on distance control,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 21,Level of Detail (LOD); Terrain visualization,角度一：采用分形的方法生成地形 K. Musgrave et al., “The synthesis and rendering of eroded
22、 fractal terrains“, SIGGRAPH 1989 http:/ 角度二：地形场景的漫游 http:/ http:/ 角度三：LOD “Real-Time, Continuous Level of Detail Rendering of Height Fields” “Level-of-detail Management for Real-time Rendering of Phototextured Terrain” http:/www.vterrain.org/LOD/Papers/ http:/www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/people/peter.lind
23、strom/papers/siggraph96/,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 22,9. Plant modeling with Amap approach or L-system,Amap方法资源 Yang, H.-P., De Reffye, P., Pan, C.-H., Hu, B.-G., “Fast construction of plant architectural models based on substructure decomposition”, Journal of Computer Sciences
24、 and Technology, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 780-787, 2003.( http:/ 赵星，Philippe de Reffye, 熊范纶，胡包钢，康孟珍，“基于双尺度自动机模型的植物花序模拟”，计算机学报.Vol.26 No.1, pp. 116-124, 2003. (http:/ 赵星,de Reffye P,熊范纶，胡包钢,展志岗.虚拟植物生长的双尺度自动机模型. 计算机学报2001,Vol.24, No.6,pp. 608-617. (http:/ H. P. Yan, J. F. Barczi, Ph. de Reffye and B.G. Hu.
25、 “Fast Algorithms of Plant Computation Based on Substructure Instances”. International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision, 3(10), pp. 145-153, 2002, Plzen - Bory, Czech Republic. (http:/ Green lab web: http:/ L-system方法资源 ,14:24,Computer graphics and
26、 Application 2010 S. 23,10. Application of graphic techniques in your specialty,Apply graphic techniques to visualize or simulate the phenomenon or scenes about your specialty. For example, visualizing complex molecule, simulate the cell motion, exhibit the atmosphere motion or large-scale terrain.
27、Proposed environment: OpenGL or VRML Topics may include but not restricted to: Out-door scenes Geographic information Biological structure visualization Mathematical surfaces,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 24,11. Environment Mapping (环境映射),Gene Miller 在1982年对球面环境映射的实验,14:24,Computer
28、 graphics and Application 2010 S. 25,环境映射技术,球面或立方体表面充当了一种中间表面的作用,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 26,环境映射技术,将照相机放在场景的中心，拍摄得到环境的图像 把上述图像贴到一个球面或立方体表面上 当绘制镜面物体时，将从球面或立方体表面上获得所映射的纹理值。,从中心点(C点)沿反射方向延伸与球面交与E点，用E点的纹理作为O点处的环境颜色。,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 27,立方体环境映射技术,可将环
29、境纹理映射到一个立方体表面上，即用立方体表面作为中介面,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 28,一幅典型的立方体环境图,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 29,OpenGL中的环境映射,OpenGL支持球面环境映射 glTexGeni(GL_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_SPHERE_MAP); glTexGeni(GL_T, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_SPHERE_MAP); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_
30、S); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T); 目前的新型显卡还提供了对立方体环境映射的支持,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 30,12. Bump Mapping or Displacement Mapping (凹凸纹理贴图或位移纹理贴图),凹凸贴图,位移贴图,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 31,Refer to but neednt totally restricted to these topics and their requirement
31、s. Enjoy what you do.,14:24,Computer graphics and Application 2010 S. 32,网上源码资源,http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ graphics and Application 2010 S. 33,VRML资源,光盘上的VRML资源 VRML97（VRML97是圣地亚哥加利福尼亚大学超级计算机中心Dave Nadeau编写的vrml97教程）；http:/tecfa.unige.ch/guides/vrml/sig-graph-tutorial/vrml97.htm 网上资源 http:/www.cs.vu.nl/eliens/documents/vrml/reference/BOOK.HTM http:/ http:/ （vrml与地形漫游） http:/vrmlworks.crispen.org/tools.html#Office （Tools for World-Builders in VRML）,14:24,Just enjoy what you do!,Thanks,