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1、定语从句专练,Que Sera Sera When I was just a little girl,I asked my mother,“ What will I be ? Will I be pretty? Will I be rich ? “Heres what she said to me. “Que Sera Sera, whatever will be, will be. The futures not ours to see , Que Sera Sera. What will be , will be. When I grew up and fell in love, I as
2、ked my sweet heart, “ What lies ahead? Will we have rainbows day after day? “ Heres what my sweet heart said,“ Que Sera Sera. Whatever will be will be. The futures not ours to see. Que Sera Sera. What will be will be. Now I have children of my own . They ask their mother, “ What will I be ? Will I b
3、e handsome ? Will I be rich ? “ I tell them tenderly , “ Que Sera Sera. Whatever will be will be . The futures not ours to see. Que Sera Sera. . What will be will be.“,1.The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year.（2000全国高考） A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D.
4、 to carry out 2._is known to everyone , the moon travels round the earth once every month.(2001全国高考) A.Until B. As C. That D. What,高考例题:,A,B,语法复习,一.英语句子从结构上看有三种类型： 1.简单句（Simple Sentence) 2.并列句（Compound Sentence) 3.复合句 （Complex Sentence),定语从句,(1)简单句的五大基本句型： 主语+连系动词+表语 主语 及物动词宾语 主语不及物动词状语 主语及物动词间宾直宾 主
5、语及物动词宾语宾补,Her face turned red with anger.,You can consider my suggestion.,This kind of cloth sells well.,He explained the sentence to us.,He found the work half done.,（2）并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又 相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。 其结构是： 简单句+等立连词+简单句,（3）复合句：由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成份，不能独立。根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状
6、语从句三类。,He has studied English for only one year,but he can read and write now./Keep on and you will make progress.,定语：,用于修饰名词或代词,He is a physics teacher. Please show me another ticket. Australia is an English-speaking country.,是一个成份，由一个句子充当某个成份,从句：,三.定语从句：,由一个句子充当定语,从句的位置：,在名词或代词后,先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词,引导词
7、：,引导定语从句的词 关系代词 关系副词,引导词的作用： (1)引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置,开动脑筋：,看谁的句子最漂亮？,1.A traveller is a person whothat travels 2.A computer is a machine 3.A clock is a machine 4.A fridge is a machine 5.A tailor is a person 6.A beggar is a person 7.A teacher is a person 8.A nurse is a person 9.The pand
8、a is a kind of animal 10.April Ist is the day,that does counting most quickly.,that tells people time.,which is used to keep food fresh.,who makes clothes.,who makes a living by begging.,who gives lessons to students.,that looks after people who are ill.,that can be found only in China.,which is cal
9、led April Fools Day in the West.,关系代词和关系副词的作用,关系代词和关系副词如何区别？,1.The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time. 2.The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable. 3.Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris. 4.Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time. 5.This is the factor
10、y_we visited last year. 6.This is the house _Lincoln once lived.,Remember: 引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。,why,thatwhich,thatwhich,when,thatwhich,where,7.(1) He still lives in the room _window faces to the south. (2) He still lives in the room _is in the north of the c
11、ity.,whose,which,8.(1)I will never forget the days _we studied together. (2)I will never forget the days _we spent together.,when,that,9.(1) The reason _he didnt come was that he was ill. (2) The reason _he explained is not true.,why,that,10.(1) We will meet at the same place_we met last month. (2)
12、We will meet at the same place _we visited last month.,where,that,who,that （先行词为人） 有区别吗？,1.用who不用that的情况：,(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。 (2)当先行词为人称代词时。,He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise more.,2. 用that不用who的情况：,(1
13、) 当先行词既是人又是物。 (2)当句子出现一个who等。 （3）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。,He talked a lot about the things and persons that he had remembered there Who is the man that spoke to you just now? Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.,which,that (先行词为物） 有区别吗？,1.只用that不用which 的情况：,(1)先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anyt
14、hing,no,all等不定代词,（2）先行词既是人又是物。,（3）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。,（4）先行词被the very,the only,the last,any,every,who等修饰时。,All that can be done has been done.,He spoke of the things and persons that he had seen abroad.,This is the very book that I am looking for.,Who that has such a home doesnt love it?,（5）关系代词在从句中作表语
15、时,China is no longer the country that it used to be.,This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.,只能用which 的情况:,2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which,(1) The machine ,which I have looked after for many years ,is still working perfectly. (2)She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry. (3
16、)He saw a film, which was about the Long March. (4)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.,1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物),Remember:Which 在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语也不能省。,介词+关系代词,先行词为人,关系代词用 whom; 先行词为物,关系代词用which. 关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省。如介词放在 句尾，引导词可用that 或who,而且可省去。 关系代词和关系副
17、词可转换：where,when,why =介词+which,1.This is the reason _ _he left his hometown. (=why) 2.Ill never forget the day_ _ we stayed together. (=when) 3.This is the girl _ _I learned the news. 4.The person_ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about. 5.Ill show you a store_ _you may buy all that
18、you need.(=where) 6.I dont like the way_ _ you laughed at her.(=that;),for which,on which,from whom,to whom,in which,in which,基础巩固,(Correct mistakes),1.Do you like the bike your friend gave it to you? 2.This is the very place where we visited many years ago. 3. There are ten students are playing bas
19、ketball on the playground. 4. English is a subject I am interested. 5.Can you show me the book which have been translated into English by Smith?,（多词）,（错用引导词）,（漏引导词）,（漏介词）,（主谓不一致）,定语从句几种句型归纳：,1.This is the most exciting football match that I have ever seen.,2.I dont like the way in which/that/不填 you
20、laughed at others.,3.It is the third time that you have been late this week.,It is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.,4.The reason why/that he didnt attend the meeting was that his mother was seriously ill.,5. The reason for his failure is that he didnt work hard.,想一想 理一理,学好定语从句最关键的是什么？,定
21、语从句修饰主句中某个名词或代词，起着相当于形容词（定语）的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。句子那个被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。要学好定语从句，最关键要掌握以下两点：,1.弄清关系代词和关系副词的区别：他们在定语从句中的作用 不同。关系代词在从句中起名词的作用，在从句中担任主语，宾语，表语和宾语。关系副词在从句中起副词的作用，在从句中担任状语。,2.掌握关系代词和关系副词的方法：主要看先行词（假如放到从句中）在从句中所担任的成份，所起的作用。,Conclusion,引 导 词,关系代词,关系副词,在定语从句中作,主语或宾语,主语或宾语,宾语,宾语或主语,定语,时间,地点,原因,
22、状语 状语 状语,在从句中作宾语可省去,先行词为,who that whom which whose,人 物/人 人 物 某人/某物的,When Where why,三.非限制性定语从句,定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语从句要注意以下几点：（举例说明）,1.His mother ,whom he loved dearly,went abroad. 2.This machine ,which he has looked after for many years ,is still working perfectly. 3.Aqiao,whose parents had
23、 died ,had to make a living by herself. 4.The family ,who lived upstairs,are fond of music.,说明：非限制性定语不能用that 引导； 作宾语用的关系代词不能省； 要用逗号隔开。,限制性定语从句和非限性定语从句,难点解析：,关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：,1.介词 + whomwhich,The woman general still remember the day on which she joined the army.,2.介词 短语 + whichwhom,The fisherman lived
24、 in a small house in front of which lies a well.,3. 不定代词 或数词 +whichwhom,There are many books here , none of which belongs to me.,China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun.,4.名词+ of which,She mentioned a magazine,the title of which I have forgotten.,=she joined the army on that day,=and
25、 a well lies in front of it.,=and none of them belongs to me.,=and one of them is Luxin,=and I have forgotten the title of it,做做试试：,1.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows,most of _had not been cleaned for at least one year. 2.In the dark street, there was not a single person _ _she could tur
26、n for help. 3.China has a lot of islands ,the largest_ _is Taiwan. 4.The old lady had one son and two daughters,_ _ _treated her well, _made her very sad. 5.There are forty students in our class,_ _20 are girls; the rest are boys.,which,to,whom,of,which,none,of,whom,which,of,whom,你知道吗?,As 也可以用来引导定语从
27、句.,1.He is not such a man as only think of himself. 2.I should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday. 3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved. 4.I will read as many books as are required. 5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.,当先行词与as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是such,the
28、same时,关系代词用as. As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,请讨论：as ,which 引导非限制性定语从句 有什么不同吗？,1.which的先行词可以是名词，as不可。 (1) The meeting, which was held in the park,was a great success. (2) All the books , which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.,2.which和as都可代替整个句子的意思，但which引导的从句不 放句首。 (1)Crusos dog became ill an
29、d died ,which made him very lonely. (2)As we expected, Our football team lost the match again.,3.as 引导的从句有(正如),(就象),(由而知）等含义. (1)Taiwan is a part of China,as is known to us all. (2)She is very careful,as her work shows, (3)The lady is very learned,as is said in the book.,定语从句和其它句型的转换,1.定语从句和非谓语动词： (
30、1)There are lots of good English programmes which are broadcast on TV or the radio in China. -There are lots of good English programmes _ on TV or the radio in China. (2)At one time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC offices. -At one time there were long queues of peo
31、ple _ outside the CAAC offices.,分析基本规律：从句是主动形式，用现在分词; 从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰 词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰 词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；,broadcast,waiting,2.定语从句和并列句 1. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease. -I saw some trees, the leaves of _were black with disease. 2. Th
32、e professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses 3.The World Trade Organization (WTO) finally opened its door to China on November 10,_ a 15-year wait. A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends,分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键,which,whom,C,3.定语从句和状语从句 (1)This is such a bi
33、g stone _no one can lift it. This is such a big stone _no one can lift. (2)Please put the letter in the drawer _ _he can easily find it.(=where) Please put the letter_he can easily find it.,分析：（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that 是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。,that,as,in which,where,4.定语从句和名词性从句 (1
34、) He did all (that) he could to help me .(=what) (2) All that can be done has been done. (=what) (3) _is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun. It is known to us all _Taiwan belongs to China. (4)_ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun.,As,that,What,7.定语从句和强调句 (1) It i
35、s in this room _I lived last year. It is the room _I lived last year. (2) It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning. It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning.,分析：强调句句型：It is/was +被强调的成份+that/who +其它部分去掉 It is/was.that/who ,句子照样成立。(1) I lived in this room last year. (2) He wen
36、t to school at seven this morning.而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。,that,where,that,when,8.定语从句和同位语从句 (1)The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited. (2)The news _he told me yesterday is exciting. (3)The problem _we should answer for the accident is clear to you. (4)The problem _he asked me to solv
37、e is hard to solve.,分析：that 引导 同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，并且引导的句子是说明前一名词的内容， 在从句中不可省去，也不可用which 替代。That/which 引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时可省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。,that,that/which,that,that/which,高考命题导向： 1._is known to everyone, the moon travels round the round the earth once every month. (NMET2001) A.until B. As C.That D
38、. What 2.The film brought the hours back to me _I was taken good care of in that far-away village.NMET2001) A.until B.which C. when D.where 3.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_, of course,made the others unhappy.(NMET2000) A.who B. which C. this D.what 4.Carol said the work
39、 would be done by October,_personally I doubt very much.(NMET99) A.it B.that C. when D.which,As,C,B,D,5.After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _he grew up as a child. (NMET96) A. which B. where C.that D. when 6.The weather turned to be very good,_was more than we could
40、expect. (NMET94 ) A.what B.which C.that D. it 7.In the dark street , there was not a single person _she could turn for help.(NMET 92) A. that B.who C. from whom D. to whom 8. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. (NMET90) A. these B. those C. that D. which,B,B,D,D,Thank you!,Good bye!,