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1、,介係詞和關係代名詞融合在一起,關係子句(二)：關係副詞,限定與非限定用法,單元大綱,關係副詞 where/when/how/why,關係子句的限定用法,關係子句的非限定用法,- where 代替場所副詞,- when 代替時間副詞,- why 代替原因副詞,以as/which 引導非限定關係子句,- how 代替方式副詞,關係副詞 where/when/how/why,用於引導關係子句，因代替關係子句中的副詞片語(如in the house) ，所以稱為關係副詞。,詞性為副詞，不能像who / whom / which / that等當作關係子句中的主詞或受詞。,引出的關係子句必然已經有主詞
2、、甚至受詞。,關係副詞 where/when/how/why,關係副詞 = 介係詞 + 關係代名詞,如何選擇介係詞、關係副詞取代介係詞which？,關係副詞 where/when/how/why,He sells the mansion. He was born in the mansion.,例句, He sells he was born in.,其中 代替了the mansion 之後，前移至 。,the mansion which/that,which/that,子句的開頭,( ),關係副詞 where/when/how/why,He sells the mansion. He was
3、 born in the mansion.,例句,He sells he was born.,其中 代替了 the mansion ，並連同 一起前移至 。,the mansion in which,which,in,子句的開頭,關係副詞 where/when/how/why,He sells the mansion. He was born in the mansion.,例句,He sells he was born.,其中 代替了 in the mansion ，然後前移至 。,the mansion where,where,子句的開頭,關係副詞 where/when/how/why,因
4、為in the mansion 是場所副詞，所以用where 引出he was born的完整子句。,關係副詞 where/when/how/why,I will never forget the day. I got the first prize on the day.,例句,I will never forget I got the first prize on.,其中 代替了the day 之後，前移至 。,the day which/that,which/that,子句的開頭,( ),關係副詞 where/when/how/why,I will never forget the da
5、y. I got the first prize on the day.,例句,I will never forget I got the first prize.,其中 代替了 the day，並連同 一起前移至 。,the day on which,which,on,子句的開頭,關係副詞 where/when/how/why,I will never forget the day. I got the first prize on the day.,例句,I will never forget I got the first prize.,其中 代替了 on the day，然後前移至 。
6、,the day when,when,子句的開頭,關係副詞 where/when/how/why,因為 on the day為時間副詞，所以用 when引出 I got the first prize的完整子句。,關係副詞 where/when/how/why,We want to know the reason. Maggie left earlier for the reason.,例句,We want to know Maggie left earlier for.,其中 代替了the reason 之後，前移至 。,the reason,which/that,which/that,子句
7、的開頭,( ),關係副詞 where/when/how/why,We want to know the reason. Maggie left earlier for the reason.,例句,We want to know Maggie left earlier.,其中 代替了 the reason ，並連同 一起前移至 。,the reason for,which,which,for,子句的開頭,關係副詞 where/when/how/why,We want to know the reason. Maggie left earlier for the reason.,例句, We w
8、ant to know Maggie left earlier.,其中 代替了 for the reason ，然後前移至 。,the reason why,why,子句的開頭,關係副詞 where/when/how/why,因為 the reason為原因，所以用why引出 Maggie left earlier的完整子句。,可同時使用,The reason why,可擇一使用,關係副詞 where/when/how/why,Ted shared with me the way. He achieved his goal in the way.,例句,Ted shared with me h
9、e achieved his goal for.,其中 代替了the way 之後，前移至 。,the way,which/that,which/that,子句的開頭,( ),關係副詞 where/when/how/why,Ted shared with me the way. He achieved his goal in the way.,例句,Ted shared with me he achieved his goal.,其中 代替了 the way ，並連同 一起前移至 。,the way in which,which,in,子句的開頭,關係副詞 where/when/how/why
10、,Ted shared with me the way. He achieved his goal in the way.,例句,Ted shared with me he achieved his goal.,其中 代替了 in the way，然後前移至 。,how,how,子句的開頭,關係副詞 where/when/how/why,因為 the way是方式，所以用 how引出 He achieved this goal的完整子句。,the way,可擇一使用， 切勿一起使用。,how,1. Im looking forward to visiting Taipei. There are
11、 many fancy shops in Taipei.,小試身手,1. Im looking forward to visiting Taipei. There are many fancy shops in Taipei.,小試身手,Im looking forward to visiting Taipei, where/in which there are many fancy shops.,小試身手,2. Many people in America enjoy Christmas. They can get together on Christmas.,小試身手,Many peopl
12、e in America enjoy Christmas, when/on which they can get together.,2. Many people in America enjoy Christmas. They can get together on Christmas.,小試身手,3. Ryan did not know the reason. Rachel kissed him on his cheek for a reason.,小試身手,Ryan did not know the reason why Rachel kissed him on his cheek.,3
13、. Ryan did not know the reason. Rachel kissed him on his cheek for a reason.,小試身手,4. Judy is curious about the way. Simon dealt with the obstacles in the way.,小試身手,Judy is curious about the way (how) Simon dealt with the obstacles .,4. Judy is curious about the way. Simon dealt with the obstacles in
14、 the way.,關係子句的限定用法,His uncle who drinks a lot everyday had a car accident yesterday.,例句,若刪除“who drinks a lot every day”，不清楚指哪一個叔叔， 因此這個形容詞子句有限定性，不能刪除。,關係子句的限定用法,Andrews friends who are very supportive of his new proposal will have a meeting this afternoon.,例句,若刪除“who are very supportive of his new
15、proposal”，不清楚指哪一個朋友， 因此這個形容詞子句有限定性，不能刪除。,關係子句的限定用法,拿掉形容詞子句，則主要子句會無法表達完整的意義。,關代之前沒有，時。,形容詞子句和先行詞之間不能用逗號分開。,關係子句的非限定用法,I met my friend Rosana the other day, who has stayed in France for years.,例句,若刪除“who had stayed in France for years”，主要子句的基本語意並沒有改變，仍然是我遇見好友Rosana了，因為Rosana就這麼一個。 加上此關係子句，只是提供額外的訊息，並無
16、界定是哪一個Rosana的作用。,非限定用法,關係子句的非限定用法,My iPod, which my dad gave me as a birthday present, was lost last week.,例句,若刪除“which my dad gave me as a birthday present”，主要句的基本語意並沒有改變，仍然是我的iPod丟了，因為我只有一支iPod ，語意上不會有疑義。,非限定用法,關係子句的非限定用法,用在先行詞相當明確，子句和先行詞之間關係比較鬆散時。,關代之前有，時。,非限定用法,關係子句的非限定用法,主在補充說明之用，即使省略了關係子句也不影響全
17、句意思的完整性。,此種用法尤其在先行詞為專門名詞 ( 如人名、地名等 ) 時，應加上逗號，用非限制子句修飾，因先行詞很明確，不需指認或界定，而且先行詞只有一個。,非限定用法,關係子句的非限定用法,非限定用法的形容詞子句： 因加上逗號，關係代名詞不可用that。,非限定用法,小試身手,1. Foreigners like the Palace Museum. The Palace Museum is full of precious collections.,小試身手,1. Foreigners like the Palace Museum. The Palace Museum is full
18、of precious collections.,Foreigners like the Palace Museum, which is full of precious collections.,小試身手,2. Dave likes to talk to Gina. Gina often encourages him to attain his goal.,小試身手,2. Dave likes to talk to Gina. Gina often encourages him to attain his goal.,Dave likes to talk to Gina, who often
19、 encourages him to attain his goal.,小試身手,3. Jeff smiles at the girl. The girl is sitting under a tree reading.,小試身手,3. Jeff smiles at the girl. The girl is sitting under a tree reading.,Jeff smiles at the girl who is sitting under a tree reading.,小試身手,4. I like to learn all the subjects. The subjects contain various kinds of knowledge.,小試身手,4. I like to learn all the subjects. The subjects contain various kinds of knowledge.,I like to learn all the subjects which contain various kinds of knowledge.,以as/which引導非限定關係子句,以as/which引導非限定關係子句,學習完本課程後， 你對這個單元是否真的瞭解了呢？,現在就進入評量區，試試自己的身手吧！,