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1、Unit 4 Earthquake,基础知识自测,一单词拼写 请根据给出的读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。 1. _ bE:st v. 爆裂，爆发 2. _ ruin n. &v.废墟，毁灭 3. _ iks5tri:m adj. 极端的，极度的 4._ 5indVE v. 损害，伤害 5._ dis5trCi vt. 破坏，毁坏 6. _5ju:slis adj. 无用的，无效的 7. _FCk n. & vt. 震惊，震动 8. _5reskju: n. & v. 援救 9. _5fraitn vt. 使惊吓 10. _dVQdV v. & n. 判断，法官,burst,ruin,extre
2、me,injure,destroy,useless,shock,rescue,frighten,judge,11. _ iks5pres vt. 表达 12. _ 5sQfEriN n. 苦难， 痛苦 13. _ sin5siEli adv. 真诚地，真挚地 14. _ 5beri vt. 埋葬，掩埋 15._trAp n. & vt. 陷阱，使 陷入困境 16. _ sE5vaivE n. 幸存者 17. _ Ilek5trIsItI n. 电 18. _ di5zB:stE n.灾难，灾祸 19. _ kEn7rAtju5leiFEn n. 祝贺 20._ kE5nAl n.运河，水道,c
3、anal,express,suffering,sincerely,bury,trap,survivor,electricity,disaster,congratulation,二单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词。 1. A lot of pipes _and tens of thousands of house were _ in the earthquake. 2. The _ weather _ _the natives a lot of whom were _ 3. Cars were _ as almost all roads and bridges were
4、 _. People were _as no one came to their_ after disaster happened. 4. The plaintiffs _their gratitude to the _ who extended justice for them.,judges,burst,ruined,extreme,shocked,injured,useless,destroyed,frightened,rescue,expressed,5. He was one of the _ in the earthquake. (survive) 6. Suez _ is con
5、trolled by Egypt. 7. Without _, our world would become dark and totally different. (electrical) 8. We all show sympathy with him who has experienced so many _ (suffer) 9. I would like to express my _ on you for your great success in the competition. 10. I am _ sorry for the trouble I have caused to
6、you. (sincere),sincerely,survivors,Canal,electricity,sufferings,Congratulations,三词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The food smells so _. We should throw it away. (smell) 2. The entire nation consider it a _ pride to host the Olympic Games (nation) 3. Alexs mother _ her dissatisfaction with his room in which a
7、ll windows and floor were covered with _. (expression/dirty) 4. Fortunately, all miners trapped in the mines survived though some _ suffered minor _. ( survive/injure) 5. This is _ news to all of us as we never expected he would lose the game. (shock) 6. The conditions there are _ difficult. Please
8、take more equipment, which may be very_ for you. (extreme/ use),useful,smelly,national,expressed,dirt,survivors,injuries,shocking,extremely,四词组互译 将下列词组或短语翻译成中文或英语。 1._ 立刻，马上 2._ 突然 3._ 仿佛，好像 4._ 结束，终结 5._ 成为废墟，破败不堪 6._ 挖掘，发现 7._ 大量的 8._ 对 不重视 9._ 成千上万的 10._ 三分之二,right away,burst into/out,as if,at an
9、 end,in ruins,dig out,a (great) number,think little of,tens of thousands of,two-thirds of,11. be too nervous to eat _ 12. rescue from _ 13. to the north of the city _ 14. jump out of _ 15. describe to sb _ 16. everywhere they look _ 17. useless pieces of steel _ 18. fall down _ 19. rescue workers _
10、20. congratulations on sb _,向某人祝贺,太紧张而不吃东西,从 中拯救出来,城市以北,从 跳出来,向某人描述,目光所及之处,废铁,倒塌， 倒下,救援人员,五词组运用 词组填空 根据句子所提供的语境，从第四大题中选出一个适当的词组并用其适当形式填空。 1. _ spectators _ laughter as the performance was so amusing. 2. You should leave for the meeting _as it is going to be _soon. 3. The old house lay_. So the owner
11、 had to _ his valuables in the dust with shovels. 4. _ of people interviewed _ what had happened, which led to _ casualties. 5. It seems _ it is going to rain again. Lets move inside.,A great number of,burst into,right away,at an end,in ruins,dig out,Two-thirds,thought little of,tens of thousands of
12、,as if,翻译句子 根据汉语意识，从第四大题中选出一个恰当的词组完成句子。 6 救援人员从倒塌的房子中找到了一个幸存者。 The rescue workers found a survivor _ 7 目光所及之处，所有都成为了废墟。 Everywhere we looked,_ 8 他向我们描述了他是如何从废墟中被救出来的。 He described to us how _ 9 在这个城市以北是一座大型的炼油厂。 _.,There is a large oil plant to the north of this city.,in the house that had fallen do
13、wn.,all lay in ruins.,he was rescued from the ruins.,六、介词填空 请用恰当的介词填空。 1. No one helped me. I did it all myself. 2. If you keep _, youll succeed time. 3. Judging _ his accent, he must come _ Sichuan. 4. Only _ this way can you succeed. 5. _ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this w
14、eekend.,With,by,on,in,from/by,from,in,6. I owe thanks _ you _ your unselfish help. 7. She has been married _ a young worker. 8. -What time is it now? - It is seven_ my watch. 9. The tables in that restaurant are so close together that theres little space _ them. 10. I feel that one of my main duties
15、 _ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.,to for,to,by,between,as,Language Data Bank,Language Points for Reading I,Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. (P25) Shake : vi /vt (shook ,shaken) Shake hands with sb Shake ones head over /at sth The whole
16、 house shook during the explosion. The explosion shook the house. Please shake the bottle before taking. The host shook hands with all the guests. Nothing can shake our determination to overcome the difficulty. He shook his head in answer to my question. right away: right now ; at once ; immediately
17、 I am getting in touch with him right away.,Language Points for Reading I,2. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. (Para 1, Line 1) rise(rose,risen) vi go up; get higher; (of the sun, moon, stars,etc.) come above the horizon; stand up , get out of bed The flood
18、has risen two feet. She usually rises early in the morning.,rise & raise,rise: 升起； 上升； 上涨（不能用于被动语态） raise: 举起 ； 使升起； 提高（可用于被动语态） He raised a heavy box over his head. We must raise the living standard of the people . Food prices are still rising.,3. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyar
19、ds, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. (Para 1, Line 3) smelly adj. 发臭的 wind-windy dream-dreamy ice-icy tooto so that This book is too difficult for me to read. =This book is so difficult that I can not read.,4. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. (
20、Para 1, L6) burst (burst, burst) (1).vi. break open or in pieces suddenly; e.g. When he was riding ,the tire burst. (2).vi. come or go suddenly or violently e.g. The house burst into flames. The girl burst into tear. (3).n. bursting, outbreak e.g. a burst of laughter/applause,5. went to bed as usual
21、 that night. (Para1, Line 8) as usual 照常，惯常 As usual, it rained on my birthday. 6. It seemed that the world was at an end.(Para 2, Line 1) at an end 世界末日 come to an end 结束 The meeting came to an end at midnight. at the end of 在的尽头/最后 At the end of the road youll find a shop. He is at the end of his
22、patience.,7. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruin. (Para 2, Line 5) lie(lay,lain) (v.) to be, remain or be kept in a certain state e.g. The village lay in ruins after the war. in ruins: severly damaged or destroyed 毁坏 e.g. An earthquake left the whole town in ruins. n. be/lie in ruin
23、s sth. left after destruction,decay or downfall 废墟 ，遗迹 v. damage , destroyed 损坏，毁灭 e.g. The fire ruined the house,8. Two-thirds of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.(para 2, Line 6) injure : v. to hurt oneself /sb /sth physically受伤 e,.g. He fell of the bicycle in car accident. Sm
24、oking will injure your health. two-thirds 分子用基数（one， two)，分母用序数词(first, second)，当分子超过1时，分母的词尾加s 1/6 one-sixth 1/3 one-third 2/3 two-thirds,9.People were shocked. (Para 3, Line 7) shock ：n. U C 打击；震惊， 震动 vt. 使震惊，使惊愕 shocking : adj. 使人震惊的 The news of his wifes death was a terrible shook to him. You wi
25、ll get a shock if you touch the live wire. I was shocked by his rudeness. His failure in the exam was shocking to his parents.,the number of : a quantity of people or things. a number of : a lot of reach(v) to achieve or obtain sth. 达成（某事物）；达到，获得 e.g. At last we reached a decision. Youll understand
26、it when you reach my age. destroy: v. to damage sth severely; ruin e.g. An atom bomb would destroy a city. All his hopes are destroyed. instead of : in place of; rather than 代替，而不是 e.g. He did the work instead of his father. Ill go to the cinema this afternoon instead of doing my homework.,rescue: t
27、o save or set free from harm, danger,or loss e.g. He rescued the man from drowning. n. Act of rescuing 解救； 营救 All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。 all not = not all; some but not all .一些，但不是全部 e.g. Not all the boys left.(=Only some of them left),Grammar,定语从句,The Attributive Clause,Grammar (5m),Titanic
28、 is the ship that sank after hitting an iceberg.,Rose and Jack are the lovers who met on the ship.,Rose,the lady/meet Jack on Titanic,Rose is met Jack on Titanic,Jack,the young man /want to save Rose,the man /want to kill Jack,Cal,Jack is wanted to save Rose,Cal is wanted to kill Jack.,the lady who,
29、the young man who,the man who,the ship/sink into the ocean,the ship/is the most beautiful in the world at that time,Titanic is sank into the ocean.,Titanic is was the most beautiful in the word at that time.,the ship that,the ship that,the Heart of Ocean,the diamond/is worn by Rose,The Heart of Ocea
30、n is was worn by Rose.,the diamond/is dropped into the ocean by Rose,The Heart of Ocean is was dropped into the ocean by Rose,the diamond that,the diamond that,born in 1847/ man/ invent the first telephone,Bell who was born in 1847 is the man that invented the first telephone.,引导定语从句关系代词的用法： that wh
31、ich who whom whose,1.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物,1)A plane is a machine that can fly.（ 主语）,2)The noodles that I looked were delicious.（宾语）,3)Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.（主语）,4)The girl that we saw yesterday is Jimsister.（宾语）,2. Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物,1) They planted the trees which did
32、nt need much water. (主语 ),3. who whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语 (口语中who也可作宾语),1) The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.（主语）,2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. （宾语）,2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael.（主语）,4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write . （宾语）,
33、3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. （宾语）,3) This is the book whose cover is blue.,4. whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物,1) Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.,2) This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of .,The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind
34、 person.,关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语,NOTE,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。,I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,This is the first book (that) he has read.,This is the very book that belongs to him.,(1) 先行词为all, everything,
35、 nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。,(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等 修饰时。,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。,NOTE,Are you clear now? OK . Lets do some exercise!,Function-I-practice (3m),3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in th
36、e earthquake.,Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose,1. The earthquake_ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.,2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake,that / which,that / who,which /that,6. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths
37、teacher .,4. A house _ is built on sand may fall down in a earthquake.,5. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake .,which / that,who/whom/that,whose,Answer keys for “Discovering useful structures”Ex. 2 on Page 28,1 who 2 that/which 3 which/that 4 whose 5 whose,Function-II-p
38、ractice (2m),1.The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (北京 2002春季) A、where B、when C、which D、who 答案 D 真题解析：本题考察定语从句关联词的选择，从句意可知先行词the famous basketball star（著名的篮球明星）是人，所以应用表示人的关联词who。,高考链接,The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of i
39、n that far-away village.(NMET 2001) A、until B、that C、when D、where 答案 C 真题解析：本题考察定语从句的连接词，主句中的先行词the hours被其它成分分割，只要考生能够认清真正的先行词，就不难得出答案，the hours表示时间，所以应该选择一个表示时间的关系副词，即when。,高考链接,3._ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. (NMET2001) A、It B、As C、That D、what 答案 B 真题解析：本题考察as引导非限定性定语从句。as引导从句的意思是“正如”，引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子，当as在从句中充当主语时，常用下面的结构：as is know，as is said，as is reported 等，所以本题的答案是B。,高考链接,The End,