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1、Translation Methods Domesticating Tr. & Foreignizing Tr. 归化与异化,Warming-up Exercises,1. All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马 foreignization 殊途同归 domestication 2. To kill two birds with one stone. 一石二鸟 一箭双雕 3. 梁山伯与祝英台 The Story of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai The Story of Chinese Romeo and Juliet,Discussio
2、n,Whats your understanding of domesticating translation and foreignizing translation?,The Origin,Dictionary of Translation Studies(翻译研究词典) Published in UK in 1997 regards that the idea of foreignizing and domesticating translation comes from Schleiermacher(斯莱尔马赫).,In June, 24th of 1813, Schleiermach
3、er gave a speech in Berlin Royal Academy（柏林皇家科学院）, in his speech, he said there were only two methods for translation, “the translator can either leave the writer in peace as much as possible and bring the reader to him, or he can leave the reader in peace as much as possible and bring the writer to
4、 him.”,翻译只有两种方法，不是译者不打扰读者，尽可能让读者靠拢作者，就是译者尽量不打扰作者，让作者靠拢读者。,Based on Schleiermachers ideas, in 1995, the Italian American Lawrence Venuti gave the terms of foreignizing translation and domesticating translation in his book The Translators Invisibility. He is the one who first give the terms of foreign
5、izing translation and domesticating translation.,Definition of Domesticating Translation,It is also called domestication, or assimilation. It is the translation strategy in which transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for TL readers.,In domestic
6、ating translation, the translator is asked to come towards the target language readers, and apply to the expressions that they are accustomed to and like, to express the original contents.,E.g. 谋事在人，成事在天。 Man proposes, Heaven disposes. (Yang Xianyi) Man proposes, God disposes. (Hawkes),胆小如鼠 as timid
7、 as a hare 鼠在我国是被人讨厌的动物，因此有“过街老鼠，人人喊打”等俗语，所以鼠在我国有胆小的象征。 在我国，兔子象征着机警敏捷，人们常说：“静若处子，动若脱兔。”但在西方文化中，兔子是胆小的象征，而在所以翻译时直接加以归化。,Exercises,湿如落汤鸡 蠢得像猪 犟得像牛 过着牛马一样的生活 挂羊头，卖狗肉 吹牛,wet like a drown rat as stupid as a goose as stubborn as a mule lead a dogs life cry up wine and sell vinegar talk horse,Definition of
8、 Foreignizing Translation,It is also called foreignization, or dissimilation method, or alienation, or minoritizing translation. It is a term used to designate the type of translation in which a TT is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions or retaining something of the foreignness of
9、the original.,In foreignizing translation, a translator is required to approach the author, and employ the expressions the author uses, to convey the original content.,Exercises,(1) 心比比干多一窍，病如西子胜三分。（红楼梦） (2) “你不认得他，他是我们这里有名的一个泼皮破落户，南省俗谓作辣子，你只叫他凤辣子就是了。” （红楼梦）,Key,(1) She looked more sensitive than Pi
10、kan, more delicate than His Shih. (Yang) She had more chambers in heart than the martyred Bi Gan; and suffered a tithe more pain in it than the beautiful Xi Shi. (Hawkes),(2)You dont know her yet.” “Shes the terror of this house. In the south theyd call her Hot Pepper. Just call her Fiery Phoenix.”
11、(Yang) “You dont know her.” “Shes a holy terror this one. What we used to call in Nanking a peppercorn. You just call her Peppercorn Feng. Shell know what you mean. (Hawkes),王熙凤泼辣能干，精于算计，她在贾府的地位无人能及。贾母给她的外号虽说不雅，但却是她的殊荣。杨、霍二人对“凤辣子”的翻译都采用了异化法，十分传神地再现了王熙凤的性格。,Domestication, Foreignization & Free, Liter
12、al Translation,You may find there are some common points between domestication & foreignization and free & literal translation. In fact, domesticating translation and foreignizing translation evolve from free and literal translation, but they are different from free and literal translation.,The focu
13、s of literal and free translation is how to deal with the form and meaning in the linguistic structural forms of the original, but the contribution of domestication and foreignization breakthrough the restriction of language and consider such aspect as language, culture and aesthetics.,直译和意译所关注的是如何在
14、语言层面处理形式和意义，而异化和归化则突破了语言因素的局限，将视野扩展到语言、文化、美学等因素 。,E.g. (1) Once the wife of a parson, always the wife of a parson. 嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗。 (2) Among the blind the one-eyed man is King. 山中无老虎，猴子称霸王。 (3) The new Secretary does well, “New brooms sweep clean.” 新任秘书干得好，“新官上任三把火”,(4) He was so fond of talking that his
15、 comrades nicknamed him “magpie”. 他如此唠叨，同伴们给他起了个“麻雀”的外号. (5) High buildings and late mansions are springing up like mushrooms in Beijing. 在北京，高楼大厦犹如雨后春笋般涌现。,采用归化时,要避免走极端,不要用汉语民族文化色彩太浓的词（如:历史人物、地理名词等）来归化英语习语, 否则译文会让人感觉不伦不类。,E.g. I supposed I should be condemned in Hareton Earnshaws heart, if not by h
16、is mouth, to the lowest pit in the infernal regions (Wuthering Heights) 我想，哈雷顿. 厄恩肖即便嘴里不说，心里也要诅咒我下到十八层地狱里去.,“十八层地狱” is the term used in Buddhism. However, the speaker in the novel Wuthering Heights believes in Christianity. So the speaker cannot say the term like “十八层地狱”。,译：我想，哈雷顿. 厄恩肖即便嘴里不说，心里也要诅咒我下到地狱的最底层里去.,Comparison between Domestication and Foreignization,Advantages of Domestication: (1) 不会将源语文化的体系强加给目的语读者； (2) 不会因文化冲突带来误解； (3) 不会对读者的智力水平提出过高的要求，尽量将原语文化接近目的语读者的世界。,Advantages of foreignization: (1) 有必要让译文读者了解异国文化，而且这也往往是读者的初衷，同时也是翻译的目的之一； (2) 在目的语文化中移植进原语文化会丰富后者的表达方式；,