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1、Advanced English,Book II,Unit Two,Marrakech 马拉喀什,Corpse,Corpse: a dead human body(尸体) （比喻）something once vigorous but now lifeless or useless Carcass: the dead body of an animal 当Carcass 用来指人的尸体时带有贬义 “Body” refers to the physical part of a human or an animal, whether dead or alive.,In a cloud,Flies
2、left the restaurant in a cloud: 做状语 “苍蝇成群结队地飞离了饭店” 做定语 “成群的苍蝇飞离了饭店” e.g. “运来了许多货物”：Goods arrived in large quantities. e.g. “大批的敌人投降了” Enemies have surrendered in large numbers.,pile,Pile: 相同的东西堆积或叠放在一起 Stack：整整齐齐地堆积在一起 Heap（一大堆东西）乱七八糟地堆积在一起,wailing,Express grief or pain by long, loud cries Lament; m
3、ourn 哀哭 Wailing Wall 哭墙 Weep: 正式 哭泣，流泪 Cry：一般用语 Sob：啜泣，呜咽，,chant,指宗教仪式上用相同曲调唱出不同歌词的 圣歌 To repeat words or tunes continuously,Appeal to,To make a strong or urgent request 强烈要求，呼吁 To please, interest or attract 吸引 To formally ask a higher court to change the decision of a lower court, to make a reques
4、t to a higher court for the rehearing or review of a case 上诉 Resort to or turn tofor help 求助于，诉诸,Wrap,To cover something , to enclose , envelop 包裹 (比喻）conceal, hide e.g.He wrapped his meaning in a lot of pseudo-scientific jargon.,On the shoulders of,在的肩上 用肩抗着,hack,To chop or cut roughly or irregular
5、ly 乱挖，乱砍，乱劈 Chop: to cut by repeatedly hitting with an axe etc.砍伐 Cut: a general term,oblong,英文中表示四边形的说法 Oblong 长方形 rectangle: 矩形Rectangular Square: 正方形 Parallelogram/rhomboid: 平行四边形 Rhombus: 菱形 Trapezium(BrE)/trapezoid(AmE)梯形,lump, Lumpy：块状的，成块的 Lumpy earth：土块 Broken brick: 砖头块，碎砖头,grave,坟墓 grave：无
6、墓碑 tomb:：有墓碑,identify,identity: sameness 同一 身份（No one knows his real identity) 特征 (What are the identities of your lost bag?) To prove or show the identity of：证明身份,mark,标记，记号 mark：说明性的 Sign：指示性的,hummocky,土堆 Hummock：（大） Mound:（小） Hummocky: 凸起的,derelict,(of building) deserted by the owner; abandoned 专
7、门指建筑物被遗弃；荒废的,lot,（有特定用途的）一块地 Parking-lot：停车场 Building-lot：建筑工地,inhabitants,居民 Residents: 泛指居民，包括长期和暂住居民 Inhabitants:长期居住的居民或栖息的动物 Dwellers: 文常在某个地方栖身的人或动物,literal,Strictly following the original meaning 按字面的，忠实于原文的，非比喻的, 绝对的，百分之百的 贬义 unimaginative 缺乏想象力的 e.g. He is literal-minded. 他头脑很死。 Word for wo
8、rd 逐字的 e.g. A literal translation is not always the closest to the original meaning.逐字翻译不一定最贴近原义。 to be continued,literally,Really 真的，确实。 e.g. The Olympic games were watched by literally billions of people around the world. “简直”，用来加强语气。e.g. He was literally blue with cold. According to words, not in
9、tention按字面的 e.g. Sometimes words should not be taken literally. to be continued,Expressions that cant be taken literally(1),They often talk horse 他们常常谈论马。 他们常常吹牛。 Ill report that official. 我要向那位官员报告。 我要检举那位官员。 The machine is in repair. 那台机器正在修理种。 那台机器状况良好。 Dont make a fuss of them!别对它们大惊小怪！ 别讨好他们！,E
10、xpressions that cant be taken literally(2),She is in the dock. 她在码头上。 她站在被告席上。 The boss gave her the sack. 老板给了她麻袋。 老板炒了她鱿鱼。 That girl is in the green. 那个女孩身着绿装。 那个女孩正值豆蔻年华。 The old lady has gone to her rest. 老太太睡觉了 那个老太太安息了。,Expressions that cant be taken literally(3),The young man has lost his hea
11、rt. 失去了信心。 年轻人正处于热恋中。 The old man often takes his medicine. 服药 那老人常常忍受不愉快的事情。 That fellow did hard labor for 3 years. 那家伙干了三年艰苦的劳动。 那家伙服过三年劳役。,Expressions that cant be taken literally(4),The woman in labor is his wife. 那个劳动的妇女是他的妻子。 那个分娩的妇女是他的妻子。 They surprised him doing it. 他们惊吓得他做那件事情。 他们撞上他做那件事情。
12、 We charged him to do it. 我们指控他干了那件事。 我们责成他干那件事。,Expressions that cant be taken literally(5),I have seen him through. 我看透了他。 我帮助他度过了难关。 He is the Speaker. 他是讲演者。 他是议长。 The man is in the dumps. 那个人在垃圾堆里。 那个人神情沮丧。 Dont call him names! 别叫他的名字！ 别骂他！,Flesh,肉 Meat: 供食用的肉，不带血 Flesh: 长在人或动物身上的肉，带血 Flesh and
13、 blood: 血肉，亲骨肉,Do they even have names?,特定环境下的疑问句 某些疑问句在特定语言环境下具有与字面相反的意义，即暗含否定的意味，而且其否定语气一般比较含蓄。 Is the man an idiot? 这个人才不是个白痴呢。 Am I your slave? 我才不是你的奴隶呢！ Do you see any green in my eye? 我可不是那么幼稚可欺！ Do they even have names? 他们也许连名字也没有。,Undifferentiated,区别 Differentiate: 从种类上区分 Distinguish: 通过肉眼区
14、分 Undifferentiated: 难以区分的,individual,Individual 本义为“有个性的”，“独特的”，但与某些词连用时则是相反的意思。As individual as bees or coral insects 像蜜蜂或珊瑚虫那样没有各自特征。因为蜜蜂和珊瑚虫没有各自特征 e.g. Chinese is as simple as English. 中文与英文一样不那么简单。,sweat,出汗，流汗 Sweat:一般用语 Perspire:文学用语，有感情色彩,prickly,带刺的 针刺般痛的 e.g. Heat sometimes causes a prickly
15、rash on the skin. 酷暑有时引起针刺般痛的皮疹。 棘手的，难办的 He felt prickly about the high cost of train fares. Prickly pear: 仙人果,bump,碰撞 He bumped onto a tree and said “sorry”. 指车辆颠簸前进 指液体沸腾 遭遇，遇见 They did not expect to bump against the storm. 由碰撞造成的肿块，如脑袋被撞成的包 隆起物，路面的凸块，道路上的减速器。,Skeleton,人和动物的骨骼 骨架，框架 Enough to keep
16、 an operation or organization going, and no more 最起码的，最基本的 e.g During the strike British Rail provided only a skeleton service, with five trains a day. 罢工期间，英国铁路公司每天仅提供五班列车的基本服务。 Every family has a skeleton in the cupboard. 家家有本难念的经；家丑不可外扬。,英语中的双重否定,双重否定是英语句子中常见的形式，即用两个表示否定意义的词来表达肯定。这种句型比较符合英美人的习惯，因
17、为他们不太喜欢用绝对的肯定或否定，而习惯用比较委婉的表达方式。而汉语的表达则比较干脆，要么用完全否定，要么用部分否定，所以英语中的双重否定在翻译成汉语时就成了肯定句 to be continued,否定词表示否定意义的词，比如no/ not/ neverbut,I never think of summer but I think of childhood. 一想到夏天，我就会想起童年。 It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，雨必倾盆。 There is not any advantage without disadvantage. 有一利必有一弊。 There
18、is no rule that has no exception. 任何规则都有例外。 to be continued,toonot to和not tooto,这两种结构都表示双重否定，通常译成“太肯定会”、“必然”和“不要不”。例如： This was too great an honor not to excite the envy of his rivals. 这种莫大的荣誉必然会引起对手的嫉妒。 He is too wicked not to meet a bad end some day. 他太坏了，总有一天会有恶报。 A teacher should not be too prou
19、d to learn from his students. 老师也应当向学生学习。,gazelle gzel n. 小羚羊,hindquarter haind.kw:t(r) n. 后腿及臀部,mint sauce .mints:s n. 薄荷酱,Hold out,伸出 Stretch: 伸直，伸长 Hold out: 不一定伸直,nibble,Nibble: 小口小口地啃(away ) at Food and rent bills nibbled away at their savings. 逐步消耗 Gnaw: 不停地啃咬着坚硬的东西 The problem has been gnawin
20、g at me. 这个问题一直使我苦恼。 啃硬骨头: crack a hard nut Bite: 咬，一般用语,butt bt n. 烟头,靶,笑柄，屁股 He was clubbed to death with a butt of a gun. 他是被人用枪托殴打致死的。 He gave me a butt on the stomach. 他在我腹部撞了一下。,navvy nvi n. 工人,挖土机,hoe hu n. 锄头 v. 锄 A tool, such as a hoe, used for hacking. 用于劈，砍的工具，如锄头 Id like to hoe in the fi
21、eld. 我愿在田里锄地。,sidle saidl v. (偷偷地)侧身而行,Stow stu,v. 收藏起来,装填,装满 The bags beside the road are stowed with sand and salt for putting on icy roads to make them safer. 路旁的袋子里装满了沙和盐，以便用来撒在结冰的路面上使之较为安全。 Have you seen the amount of foods those lads can stow away at one meal? 你可曾见过那些小伙子一餐的食量有多大？ The cabin was
22、 stowed with supplies for the trip. 舱里装满了航行用的必需品。,grateful greitful adj. 感激的,感谢的 We are grateful to you for your bounteous gifts. 对您给予的丰厚礼物，我们不胜感激。 I am heartily grateful to your help. 我衷心地感激你的帮助。 I cant express how grateful I am. 我说不出我有多么感激。 He was grateful for all you did. 他对你所做的一切表示感激。 Your kindn
23、ess is grateful. 你的友善令人感激。,municipality,自治城市 市政当局 municipality mju:.nisipliti n. 自治区,市当局,全市民 ,Ghetto getu n. 犹太人区 Draws moving scenes of ghetto life. 生动地描写了贫民窟生活的片断 A section of a medieval city inhabited by Jews; a ghetto. 犹太人居住区犹太人在中世纪居住的城市的一部分；（城市中的）犹太人区,贫民窟,Ghetto: 贫困或没有正式居住权的人所住的 贫民区。 slum: a ci
24、ty area of poor living conditions and old unrepaired buildings, especially in the city center.坐落在市中心的贫民区,restrict,限制 Limit: 用数量限制 Restrict: 用规定限制 Confine: 用范围限制,sore-eyed: having sore eyes; suffering from pinkeye sight for sore eye n. 极受欢迎的人，极受欢迎的事物,cluster,相同的东西聚集成的 群，簇 Gather 相同的东西成堆地 聚集 cluster k
25、lst n. 串,丛,群 v. 聚合,成串,丛生,使.聚集 Crowded or massed into a dense cluster. 丛生的，聚生的聚集成密丛的 The men clustered together round the fire and sang songs. 人们聚集在篝火周围唱歌。 You can see stars in clusters in the night sky. 你可以看到夜空中的星群。,bazaar bz: n. 市集 I poked though a bazaar crammed with good. 我挤过了堆满货物的集市。 The bazaar
26、was a kaleidoscope of strange sights and impressions. 集市的景象光怪陆离, 纷然杂陈.,skull-cap,infest,指有害的、危险的讨厌的东西大批出没、侵扰或骚扰。 一般使用被动形式，或构成合成词。 e.g. (1) It would be crazy to swim in shark- infested waters.,lathe lei n. 车床 。 Do you know how to use a lathe? 你会使用车床吗?,chisel tizl n. 凿子 v. 用凿子刻,雕,凿 vt. 凿,雕,凿子,錾子 例句与用法
27、: She used a chisel to prise off the lid. 她用錾子来把盖子凿开.,warp,To turn or twist out of shape, to distort 扭曲变形，歪曲， If you really enjoy such unpleasant jokes, you must have a warped mind. 如果你真的喜欢这样的玩笑，你一定心态不正常。 Distort: to twist something out of its natural or original shape 使失去原状。,light,点燃 Light: 点亮 Igni
28、te: 点着,Frenzied frenzid adj. 疯狂的,激怒的 In a frenzy of hate he killed his enemy. 在一阵痛恨的狂乱中，他杀死了敌人。 The dog jumped at the intruder with frenzied barks. 那狗狂吠著跳起扑向闯进来的人.,Frenzied,疯狂 Frenzied: (难以控制自己的） Mad: 一般用语 Crazy: 一时的 Fanatical: 指在宗教和政治方面 贬义 Insane: 语气比 mad 重,Clamour klm n. 喧闹 v. 大声地要求 The public are
29、 clamouring for a change of government. 公众大声疾呼要求撤换政府. The baby clamoured to be fed. 婴儿饿得大声哭叫.,Clamour for,Loud and continuous noise 吵闹声，喧闹声 A continuous strong demand or complaint by a large number of people 一大批人连续不断的强烈要求、抗议 e.g. The government ignored the clamour for a public inquiry into these eve
30、nts. 大声疾呼；强烈要求, 吵吵嚷嚷,rumour,Unofficial news or information, perhaps untrue, which is spread from person to person; hearsay 谣传，无根据的话；传闻 There are rumours circulating the company that it was going to shut down. His illness led to rumours of an early election. 他生病了，有传闻说有提前大选。,packet,包 Packet: 小包 a pack
31、et of cigarettes Package: 大，里面装有很多packets 一整套东西，一揽子交易,Work enough magic,Work: to makework, to make effective; produce 使灵验,square,Substantial: 很多的; 大量的,conspicuous knspikjus adj. 显著的,显而易见的 A traffic sign should be conspicuous. 交通标志应该明显。 Lincoln is a conspicuous example of a poor boy who succeeded. 林肯
32、是一个穷苦孩子而功成名就的出色例子。,Distressed distrest 痛苦的 adj. 苦恼的 I was most distressed to hear the sad news of your fathers death. 我听到你父亲去世的噩耗, 十分难过. The sick man showed signs of distress. 那个生病的男人表现出痛苦的迹象。 What are you looking so distressed for? 什么事情使你看起来如此烦恼？,Legionnaire li:dine(r) n. 美国退伍军人协会会员,军团的兵士,bandit bn
33、dit n. 强盗 A robber or bandit, especially one of an outlaw band. 强盗，土匪强盗或土匪，尤指违法的匪帮 These bandits were arrested several days ago. 几天前，这些歹徒被逮捕了。 People hate bandits greatly.,wring ri n. 扭绞 v. 拧,绞出,扭 She wrung out the clothes before hanging them up to dry. 她把衣服晾出来晒干以前先把它们拧干。 He wrung his hands in sorro
34、w. 他悲伤地绞紧双手,erode irud v. 腐蚀,侵蚀 vt. 侵蚀 The sea have erode the cliff face over the years. 海水经年累月冲刷著峭壁的表面。 Metals are eroded by acids. 金属易为酸所腐蚀。,lucerne lu:s:n n. 紫花苜蓿,fodder fd n. 马料,草料 Food and fodder should go ahead of troops and horses. 兵马未动, 粮草先行。,stalk n. 茎, 柄, 梗, 秆 英英解释:名词stalk: 1. material con
35、sisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds 同义词： straw,wretched retid adj. 可怜的,不幸的,卑鄙的 Please excuse this wretched apology for a meal. 请包涵这顿不像样的饭菜. 同义词：deplorable, miserable, woeful,yoke juk n. 轭, 轭状物, 套, 束缚, 支配 v. 把.套上轭, 结合, 连接 Every farmer k
36、nows how to yoke the oxen together. 每个农民都知道怎样把牛拴在一起。 A pair of draft animals, such as oxen, joined by a yoke. 同轭车的动物通过轭连在一起的一对载物动物，如公牛,harrow hru n. 耙 v. 耙掘,伤害,使.苦恼 例句与用法: The ox is never woe, till he to the harrow go. 挂耙去耕地，牛才知辛苦。 The farmers harrow was broken during his working. 农夫正在劳动的时候，耙子断了。,fu
37、rrow fru n. 犁沟,皱纹 v. 犁,耕,弄绉 A deep furrow or ditch. 深沟一条深的沟或犁沟 A furrow or groove formed by running water. 犁沟由流水形成的槽或小沟 The country roads were muddy and full of furrows left by farm carts. 乡间道路泥泞不堪，布满了牛车压出的车辙。,farthing f:i n. 法新英国铜币 It matters not a farthing whether she be old or young. 她年老还是年轻，那都无关
38、紧要。 The ancestor of the modern bicycle is called a penny farthing. 现代自行车的原型叫做前轮大後轮小的自行车,hobble hbl v. 蹒跚,跛行 vi. 跛行 例句与用法: A hobble or limp. 跛行或蹒跚 The old man hobbled along (the road) with the aid of his stick. 那老汉拄著拐杖一瘸一拐地走著.,infuriate infjurieit adj. 狂怒的 v. 激怒 How infuriate! 真叫人发火！ I was infuriated
39、 by/with their constant criticism. 他们没完没了地批评把我给气坏了.,bridle braidl n. 马勒,缰绳 The part of a bridle or halter that passes over an animals nose. 鼻环穿过动物鼻子的马笼头或缰绳的一部分 She bridled at his remarks. 她蔑视他的言论。 Tell him to put a bridle on his tongue. 告诉他说话要谨慎。,guts gts v. 狼吞虎咽,贪婪地吃 飞碟游戏(比赛双方每组5人,相距15码,互相掷接飞碟) He
40、had the guts to stand by his friend when he was in trouble. 当他处在困境的时候，他仍有勇气支持他的朋友。 He has no guts in him. 他这个人不中用。 She has a lot of guts; she went on arguing even though no one agreed with her. 她很有勇气，即使没有人同意她的观点，还是继续争论下去,plight plait n. 境况,誓约,情形 v. 宣誓,保证,约定 The plight of the famine victims commands
41、everyones sympathy. 饥民的苦境值得大家同情. The television pictures brought home to us all the plight of the refugees. 我们从电视上知道了难民所处的一切困境.,gall g:l n. 胆囊,胆汁,苦味 v. 烦恼,屈辱,磨伤 It galled him to have to ask for a loan. 必须向人借钱使他感到羞辱。 That remark galls. 那句话使人恼怒。 The saddle galled the horses back. 马鞍擦伤了马背。,stork st:k n
42、. 鸟鹳,infantry infntri n. 步兵(部队) Artillery gave cover (ie fired at the enemy to stop them firing back) while the infantry advanced. 炮火掩护步兵前进. Enemy positions were bombarded before our infantry attacked. 炮轰敌军阵地之後, 我步兵开始进攻,screw gun 螺旋式干油枪 机械螺丝刀,battery: group of guns or missile launchers operated toge
43、ther at one place change ones battery 转移火力, 改变攻击方向,clump klmp n. 丛,块,笨重的脚步声 Do you see yonder clump of trees (ie that clump of trees over there)? 你看见那边的一丛树林了吗? Do you hear the clump of boots? 你听到靴子的咯咯声吗？ He was clumping about in heavy boots that time. 那时他正穿着笨重的靴子走来走去。,clatter klt n. 卡搭声,哗啦声,嘈杂的谈笑声 v
44、. 发出哗啦声,卡搭卡搭的响,喧闹的谈笑 Dont clatter your knives and forks. 不要让你的刀叉碰击出声。 The metal basin clattered down the stone stairs. 金属盆子沿着石阶滚了下去，发出咣啷声。,squash skw n. 壁球,摺皱不堪,拥挤嘈杂的人群 v. 压扁,变扁,压制 n. 南瓜 Itll be a bit of a squash, but I think I can get you all in the car. 挤是挤一点，但我看可以把你们全弄上汽车。 The cat got run over by
45、 the lorry and squashed. 那只猫被卡车碾死了。,slump slmp n. 暴跌,意气消沉 v. 猛然掉落 The slump on Wall Street set up a chain reaction in stock markets around the world. 华尔街金融滑坡引起世界股票市场的连锁反应。 The current economic slump is an earnest of the major recession to come. 当前的经济滑坡预示着一次大的衰退即将来临。 The slump hit his business hard.
46、物价暴跌使他的生意大受打击。,sullen sln adj. 愠怒的,沉沉不乐的,阴沉的 Susan is sullen in the morning because she had not sleep well. 苏珊今天早上郁闷不乐，因为昨晚没睡好。 A young woman, of sullen aspect, was sitting alone on the bench. 一个面色忧郁的年轻女人独自坐在长凳上。,contemptuous kntemptjus adj. 轻视的 You should not be contemptuous of underprivileged peop
47、le. 你不应该看不起无权无势的人。 He gave a contemptuous laugh. 他轻蔑地笑了笑。 Snobs are usually contemptuous of people they feel to be beneath them. 势利者通常瞧不起他们认为地位在他们之下的人。,inquisitive inkwizitiv adj. 想问的,想知道的,好追根究底的 Some people are very inquisitive. 有些人好管闲事. Whats that youre hiding? Dont be so inquisitive! 你藏什麽东西呢?别那麽爱管闲事! She is inquisitive to other peoples affairs. 她过份好奇别人的事情。,scrub skrb n. 用力擦洗,矮树,渺小之物 v. 用力擦洗 Give that floor a good hard scrub. 使劲擦洗一下那地板。 Although she scrubbed the old pot thoroughly, she could not make it look completely clean. 虽然她彻底地用力擦洗那只旧壶，